CELLULAR SLIME MOLDS OF SWITZERLAND. I. DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES

During the study of the distribution of cellular slime molds in Swiss forest soils, three new species were isolated and studied in culture, namely, Dictyostelium fasciculatum, Dictyostelium polycarpum and Polysphondylium filamentosum. The first is cosmopolitan, the latter two are known only from Switzerland. Dictyostelium polycarpum is a very delicate species and is the first species reported which is restricted to a high altitude environment. It is characterized by a coremiform habit, reminiscent of D. polycephalum, and relatively long reniform spores. Dictyostelium fasciculatum is a larger species which resembles D. mucoroides in gross morphology but is much closer to Polysphondylium in its life cycle pattern and behavior. Polysphondylium filamentosum is only the third well-defined species of the genus to be described. It produces filamentose principal and lateral axes. Optimum temperature for all three is around 20 C, somewhat below that of most other species in the family.     

Genetic structure of mosses Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. and Racomitrium lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid. along altitude gradients in Hokkaido,Japan

Abstract

The families Pterigynandraceae and Rigodiaceae are reviewed for Africa with reference to the collections made by the BBS Expedition to Mt Mulanje, Malawi in 1991. The single African species of Rigodium (Rigodiaceae) is reported to be quite frequent on Mt Mulanje, and three of the four species of Trachyphyllum (Pterigynandraceae) found in Africa (T. gastrodes, T. dusenii and T. inflexum) are reported, the latter two for the first time from Malawi. On present limited evidence, Malawi seems to be a centre of diversity of the genus.     

The genus Gottschelia Grolle (Jungermanniopsida,Lophoziaceae) in China,with a description of G. grollei,sp. nov.

Abstract

The genus Gottschelia Grolle is reported as new to mainland China, from Yunnan Province. Previously G. schizopleura (Spruce) Grolle was the only known Chinese species, reported from Taiwan. However, two further species have recently been found in the Gaoligong Shan range, Yunnan Province, G. patoniae Grolle, Schill & D.G. Long, previously known from the East Himalaya of Nepal and India (Sikkim) and G. grollei D.G. Long & Váňa, described here as a new species endemic to China, the fourth known species in the genus. The differences between the three Chinese species are enumerated with notes on distribution and ecology.     

缅甸树萝卜和深裂树萝卜，老挝杜鹃花科植物二新记录种

报道了老挝杜鹃花科树萝卜属2新记录种:缅甸树萝卜(Agapetes megacarpa W. W. Smith)和深裂树萝卜(A. lobbii C. B.Clarke),前者分布于老挝琅勃拉邦省(Luang Prabang Province),后者分布于万象省(Vientiane Province),凭证标本保存在俄罗斯科马洛夫植物研究院标本馆(LE)。提供了每种的凭证标本、分布信息和彩色照片,分别利用繁殖器官性状和营养器官性状编制了老挝3种树萝卜属植物的检索表。     

Paradasyhelea harrisoni n.sp. from the Auckland Islands,and additional records of subantarctic Ceratopogonidae

Abstract

A new species of Paradasyhelea Macfie is described from females found on the Auckland Islands, New Zealand, and a key is presented to separate it from its five known congeners. New distribution and habitat records are presented for the three ceratopogonid species previously reported from the subantarctic islands of New Zealand—Forcipomyia kuscheli Sublette & Wirth, F. tapleyi Ingram & Macfie, and Dasyhelea aucklandensis Sublette & Wirth.     

Chromosomes of Syrphidae. VI. The tribe Pipizini

The karyotypes of 24 species of the tribe Pipisini (Diptera: Syrphidae) are described and illustrated. Nearly all the species of Neocnemodon, Pipiza and Pipizella have 2n=8 chromosomes consisting of a short telocentric XY pair and three metacentric pairs increasing in relative length from long to very long. Pair II chromosomes in several Pipiza species have high metacentric to low submetacentric arm ratios. One Parapenium species is tentatively reported as having five pairs and another five or six pairs. The karyological evidence favours placing the tribe Pipizini in the subfamily Syrphinae rather than in the subfamily Milesiinae.     

中国苦苣苔科一新记录属——四轮苣苔属

该文报道了中国苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)一新记录属——四轮苣苔属(Tetraphyllum Griff. ex C. B. Clarke)。该新记录属,即四轮苣苔属仅有3种,其中密花四轮苣苔[T. confertiflorum(Drake)B. L. Burtt]在我国首次记录。该研究提供了该属的形态描述和分种区别特征,并提供了该种的详细形态描述及彩色照片。凭证标本馆藏于广西植物研究所标本馆(IBK)和上海辰山植物标本馆(CSH)。     

Centaurea molesworthiae sp. nov. (Cardueae,Compositae) from southwest Spain

Centaurea molesworthiae E. López, Devesa & García Rojas (Cardueae, Compositae), a new species from southwest Spain is described and illustrated. The morphological variability of C. molesworthiae and the three closest species, C. prolongoi, C. crocata and C. occasus is analyzed and discussed. The chromosome number (2n = 40) of this new species is reported for the first time.     

Construction and maintenance costs of mediterranean-climate evergreen and deciduous leaves I. Growth and CO2 exchange analysis

Summary Gas exchange and leaf growth analysis were used in conjunction to determine leaf-construction and maintenance costs in three co-occurring shrubs of the california chaparral, one evergreen, Heteromeles arbutifolia, and two drougth deciduous species, Lepechinia calycina, and Diplacus aurantiacus. The construction costs per unit of leaf weight were similar among the three species and very close to values reported for other evergreens but considerably higher than leaf construction costs for other deciduous or herbaceous plants. Maintenance costs per unit of leaf weight were significantly greater in one deciduous species, L. calycina, than in the evergreen. Maintenance costs for all species were in the range reported for herbaceous species and considerably above those reported for other evergreens.     

Berberis rawatii sp. nov. (Berberidaceae) from India

In India, 55 species of Berberis have been reported and 22 species are found in Uttarakhand state. Berberis rawatii (Berberidaceae), a new species from Chamoli and Pithoragarh districts of Uttarakhand state of India (western Himalaya) is here described and illustrated. In terms of leaf and inflorescence, Berberis rawatii shows affinities with B. cretica L. Both these species have entire leaves, fascicled inflorescences, conspicuous style and black berries, but B. rawatii differs in the presence of a petiole, the dorsal surface of leaf pruinose, presence of elongated‐ovate glands, presence of prophylls, three ovules and pruinose fruits.     

EXPERIMENTAL HYBRIDS IN EPILOBIUM (INCLUDING SECT. ZAUSCHNERIA) SPECIES WITH N = 15 (ONAGRACEAE)

Experimental hybrids involving the three diploid subspecies of Epilobium sect. Zauschneria formed 15 bivalents at meiotic metaphase I, as did experimental hybrids between the three other species of Epilobium (comprising sect. Cordylophorum) with n = 15. The gametic chromosome number of E. suffruticosum Nutt., n = 15, and its relationship to the other two species are reported for the first time. Although we have not obtained hybrids between the species of these two sections, their morphological similarities are impressive and they are surely closely related.     

Albuca annulata sp. nov. (Hyacinthaceae) from the Albany Centre of Endemism,South Africa

Within the context of a revision of Albuca, a new species, here described as Albuca annulata Mart.‐Azorín & M. B. Crespo sp. nov., was found in three populations in the Albany Centre of Endemism, Eastern Cape, South Africa. This new species is closely related to Albuca bakeri Mart.‐Azorín & M. B. Crespo and A. caudata Jacq., but it can be clearly differentiated by floral and vegetative characters. Data on morphology, ecology and distribution are reported for this new species. Affinities and divergences with other close allies are also discussed.     

Three new basidiomycetous yeasts,Pseudozyma alboarmeniaca sp. nov., Pseudozyma crassa sp. nov. and Pseudozyma siamensis sp. nov. isolated from Thai patients

We previously reported the first isolation of Pseudozyma species from the blood of Thai patients. In this study, three additional new Pseudozyma species were isolated from clinical specimens from Thai patients. The Pseudozyma species showed relatively low sensitivity to azole antifungal agents. The names proposed for these isolates are Pseudozyma alboarmeniaca (DMST 17135^T = JCM 12454^T = CBS 9961^T), Pseudozyma crassa (DMST 17136^T = JCM 12455^T = CBS 9959^T) and Pseudozyma siamensis (DMST 17137^T = JCM 12456^T ?CBS 9960^T), where DMST is Department of Medical Sciences Culture Collection, JCM is Japan Collection of Microorganisms and CBS is Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.

     

CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF CAMPANULACEAE. II. THE LOBELIA TUPA COMPLEX OF CHILE

Gametic chromosome numbers are reported for 27 collections representing the four species of the Lobelia tupa complex (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae) in Chile; all are n = 21. This represents the first report of chromosome numbers for L. bridgesii Hook. & Arn., L. excelsa Bonpl., and L. polyphylla Hook. & Arn., and confirms previous reports of this number in L. tupa L. As the basic chromosome number of Lobelioideae is x = 7, these species are interpreted as hexaploids. Higher polyploids are extremely rare among Lobelioideae; most of those previously reported have been either sporadic individuals or populations within an otherwise diploid or tetraploid species, or occasional species within an otherwise diploid and tetraploid lineage. This is the first report of an entire complex of lobelioid species that is uniformly hexaploid. This suggests that the Chilean endemics are relatively derived within Lobelia, and offers some support for the monophyly of the complex.     

New,noteworthy, and rare species of the genus Boletus in Israel

This paper presents information about Boletus poikilochromus, B. pulchrotinctus, and B. pulverulentus in Israel. These species are reported for the first time in Israel, and also B. pulchrotinctus and B. poikilochromus are reported for the first time in Asia. Furthermore, these three species are reported for the first time in association with Quercus calliprinos. Macro- and microscopical characteristics, distribution, ecology, and illustrations related to morphology and anatomy of the species are provided.     

A molecular evaluation of the Liagoraceae sensu lato (Nemaliales,Rhodophyta) in Bermuda including Liagora nesophila sp. nov. and Yamadaella grassyi sp. nov.

We have undertaken a comprehensive, molecular‐assisted alpha‐taxonomic examination of the rhodophyte family Liagoraceae sensu lato, a group that has not previously been targeted for molecular studies in the western Atlantic. Sequence data from three molecular markers indicate that in Bermuda alone there are 10 species in nine different genera. These include the addition of three genera to the flora — Hommersandiophycus, Trichogloeopsis, and Yamadaella. Liagora pectinata, a species with a type locality in Bermuda, is phylogenetically allied with Indo‐Pacific species of Hommersandiophycus, and the species historically reported as L. ceranoides for the islands is morphologically and genetically distinct from that taxon, and is herein described as L. nesophila sp. nov. Molecular sequence data have also uncovered the Indo‐Pacific L. mannarensis in Bermuda, a long‐distance new western Atlantic record. DNA sequences of Trichogloeopsis pedicellata from the type locality (Bahamas) match with local specimens demonstrating its presence in Bermuda. We described Yamadaella grassyi sp. nov. from Bermuda, a species phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from the generitype, Y. caenomyce of the Indo‐Pacific. Our data also indicated a single species each of Ganonema, Gloiocallis, Helminthocladia, Titanophycus, and Trichogloea in the flora.     

Periphyton in the Volta Lake. I. Seasonal changes on the trunks of flooded trees

Seasonal changes in the periphyton on the trunks of flooded trees in the Pawmpawm arm of the Volta Lake are reported. Of the three algal groups forming the periphyton, the quantitatively most important species are in such genera as Navicula, Synedra and Melosira (diatoms), Spirogyra, Oedogonium and Stigeoclonium (green algae), and Oscillatoria and Anabaena (blue-green algae). The fluctuations in species diversity and cell numbers are attributed to changes in the nutrient status of the lake water and lake level.     

Allium orestis sp. nov. (Amaryllidaceae) from Parnon and Taigetos mountains,south Peloponnisos,Greece

Allium orestis Kalpoutzakis, Trigas & Constantinidis sp. nov. (Amaryllidaceae) from Parnon and Taigetos mountains (south Peloponnisos, Greece) is described and illustrated. It belongs to A. sect. Codonoprasum, and its closest relatives are A. rausii, a local endemic species of Ossa and Pilion mountains (east–central Greece) and A. anzalonei, another localized species from west–central Italy. The new species grows in the understorey of Castanea sativa forests and is currently known from three areas on Mt Parnon and one locality on Mt Taigetos. The chromosome number of A. orestis, 2n =2x =16, is reported and a metaphase plate is illustrated.     

CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN SOUTH AMERICAN HAPLOPAPPUS CASS. (COMPOSITAE)

Chromosome counts are reported for 33 species from all four sections of the genus Haplopappus in South America. These include first reports for 28 species and two putative hybrids. All chromosome numbers reported herein are 2n = 5_II, with the exception of H. prunelloides with 2_n = 6_II. Unlike the North American species, the morphological diversity of South American taxa is not concomitant with chromosomal variation.     

CYTOGEOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON NORTH AMERICAN ASTERS. I. RANGE SURVEYS OF VIRGULUS ADNATUS,V. CONCOLOR,V. GEORGIANUS,V. GRANDIFLORUS,V. NOVAE-ANGLIAE,V. OBLONGIFOLIUS,V. PATENS,AND V. WALTERI

Chromosome number determinations from 118 populations of eight species of the aster genus Virgulus are reported for the first time. Based on these counts and literature reports the geographic distributions of diploids and tetraploids in V. concolor, V. novae-angliae, V. oblongifolius, and V. patens have been determined. In the first three species, diploids were widely distributed, while tetraploids were more restricted. In V. patens, diploids were restricted to the southwestern portion of the species’ range, while tetraploids were found throughout the range. Both V. adnatus and V. walteri were found only at the tetraploid level throughout their ranges. Two other species with restricted distributions were consistently found to be high level polyploids: V. georgianus with 2n = 50, V. grandiflorus with 2n = 60. The following new combinations are listed: Virgulus georgianus (Alexander ex Small) Semple; Virgulus subsect. Brachyphylli (Torr. & Gray) Semple; and Virgulus sect. Polyliguli (Semple & Brouillet) Semple.