Agave rzedowskiana, a new species in subgenus Littaea (Agavaceae) from western Mexico

Agave rzedowskiana is described and illustrated from the states of Sinaloa and Jalisco, Mexico. This species is a member of subgenusLittaea (Tagliabue) Baker “groupStriatae” of Baker. It is compared withA. petrophila García-Mend. & E. Martínez andA. dasylirioides Jacobi & Bouché.

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Resumen  Se describe e ilustraAgave rzedowskiana de los estados de Sinaloa y Jalisco, México. La especie pertenece al subgéneroLittaea (Tagliabue) Baker “Grupo Striatae” de Baker. Se le compara conA. petrophila García-Mend. & E. Martínez yA. dasylirioides Jacobi & Bouché.

     

Larval and pupal parasites ofLymantria dispar and notes on parasites of otherLymantriidae [Lep.] in Poland 1975

Larvae and pupae ofLymantria dispar (L.) were collected periodically from infestations on Linden trees at Nieborów near Skierniewice and at Alexandrowa, south of Poznan, Poland during May–July 1975. The following parasites were recovered:Braconidae: Apanteles liparidis (Bouché),A. melanoscelus (Ratzeburg),A. porthetriae Muesebeck,Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael);Ichneumonidae: Coccygomimus instigator (F.),Hyposoter tricoloripes (Viereck),Phobocampe n. sp.,P. disparis (Viereck);Tachinidae: Blepharipa pratensis (Meigen),Blondelia nigripes (Fallén),Carcelia separata (Rondani),Compsilura concinnata (Meigen),Parasetigena silvestris (Robineau-Desvoidy),Palexorista sp. Similar but less extensive collections were made of larvae ofOrgyia antiqua (L.). These yieldedApanteles sp.,A. melanoscelus, Tramosema rostrale (Brischke),Meloborus sp.,B. nigripes andP. silvestris; larvae ofLeucoma salicis (L.) yieldedA. melanoscelus andMeteorus versicolor (Wesmael). OnlyBlondelia sp. was recovered from the few larvae ofPorthesia similis (Fuessly) collected.

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Résumé Des chenilles et des chrysalides deLymantria dispar (L.) ont été ramassées périodiquement en Pologne de mai à juillet 1975 dans les peuplements de tilleuls infestés, à Nieboróv près de Skierniewice et à Alexandrowa, au sud de Poznan. Les parasites obtenus ont été les suivants: lesBraconidae: Apanteles liparidis (Bouché),A. melanoscelus (Ratzeburg),A. porthetriae Muesebeck,Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael); lesIchneumonidae: Coccygomimus instigator (F.),Hyposoter tricoloripes (Viereck),Phobocampe n. sp.,P. disparis (Viereck); lesTachinidae: Blepharipa pratensis (Meigen),Blondelia nigripes (Fallén),Carcelia separata (Rondani),Compsilura concinnata (Meigen),Parasetigena silvestris (Robineau-Desvoidy), etPalexorista sp. Des collectes du même type mais moins importantes de chenilles d’Orgyia antiqua (L.) ont permis d’obtenir les parasites suivants:Apanteles sp.,A. melanoscelus. Tranosema rostrale (Brischke),Meloborus sp.,B. nigripes, etP. silvestris. Des chenilles deLeucoma salicis (L.) ont donnéA. melanoscelus etMeteorus versicolor (Wesmael). SeulBlondelia sp. a été obtenu à partir de quelques chenilles dePorthesia similis (Fuessly).

     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tabaroa</Emphasis>, a new genus of Leguminosae tribe Brongniartieae from Brazil

A new genus of Leguminosae in tribe Brongniartieae is proposed based on a new species endemic to the Caatinga of Bahia state. The new genus is named as Tabaroa L. P. Queiroz, G. P. Lewis & M. F. Wojc. and the new species as Tabaroa caatingicola L. P. Queiroz, G. P. Lewis & M. F. Wojc. A phylogenetic study of the Brongniartieae based on nuclear rDNA ITS and plastid matK sequences supports a closer relationship between Tabaroa and Harpalyce Moc. & Sessé than to the two South American genera Poecilanthe Benth. and Cyclolobium Benth., which are more similar morphologically. Optimisation of selected morphological characters on one of the most parsimonious trees indicates that the sessile ovary and the explosive pollen presentation are putative synapomorphies of the Tabaroa-Harpalyce clade. The genus Tabaroa may be diagnosed by the absence of peltate glandular trichomes; leaves imparipinnate, exstipellate and with opposite leaflets; flowers sessile, not resupinate, grouped in panicles; anthers apiculate; and fruit indehiscent. The only known species inhabits areas of arboreal caatinga on sandy soil in southwestern Bahia, near the boundaries of Dom Basílio and Livramento de Nossa Senhora municipalities.     

Pteromalus pini Hartig (1838): Specie tipo diBeierina gen. nov. (Hym., Chalcidoidea)

Résumé Pteromalus pini Hartig (1838) est l'espèce type du nouveau genreBeierina, que nous venons de décrire. Elle a été élevée à l'origine deApanteles liparidis Bouché (A. nemorum Hartig) et redécrite ensuite sous le nom deSchizonotus pailloti Ferrière & Faure (1925), parasite deApanteles glomeratus L. Le nouveau genreBeierina se rapproche beaucoup du genreKaleva Graham (1957) par la forme particulière du propodeum et l'aspect général du corps.      

Biomass production by alders on four abandoned agricultural soils in Québec

The production of aboveground tissue of three alder species (Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh,A. rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. andA. glutinosa (L) Gaertn.) on four sites ranged from 0.4 t ha^–1 yr^–1 to 4.0 t ha^–1 yr^–1 after four growing seasons. Large differences were observed among the four sites studied and among species. Soil nutrient levels affected the biomass production and foliar symptoms of P and Mg deficiency occurred withA. crispa andA. rugosa. Because of their poor aboveground biomass production (0.4–1.4 t ha^–1 yr^–1),A. crispa andA. rugosa should be used mainly as nurse trees. For its higher potential for biomass production (up to 4.0 t ha^–1 yr^–1), and its apparent higher ability to use P and Mg on deficient sites,A. glutinosa should be used preferably toA. crispa andA. rugosa for the production of biomass.     

Cloning and location of the dgsA gene of Escherichia coli.

The dgsA locus of Escherichia coli was isolated on plasmids obtained from the library of L. Clarke and J. Carbon (Cell 9:91-99, 1976). Restriction fragment analysis and further subcloning demonstrated that the gene is located at kilobase 425 on the Bouché physical map of the terminus region (J. P. Bouché, J. Mol. Biol., 154:1-20, 1982). This corresponds to 35.2 min on the Bachmann genetic map (B. J. Bachmann, Microbiol. Rev. 47:180-230, 1983).     

Monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Minthostachys (Labiatae, Nepetoideae) examined using morphological and nrITS data

Minthostachys (Benth.) Spach (Labiatae) from Andean South America was long held to be closely related to Macaronesian Bystropogon L’Hér. or to North American Pycnanthemum Michx. The possibility of a close relationship to elements of South American Satureja/Clinopodium s.l. is here proposed for the first time, and a phylogenetic analysis of nrITS data is employed to test the competing hypotheses. For Minthostachys and its putative closest relatives, the possible evolution of morphological characters is investigated with a cladistic analysis. The results suggest that Minthostachys is nested in a clade of South American Mentheae, and probably in the former genus Xenopoma Willd., a group of small-flowered, bee-pollinated species currently included in Clinopodium L.. Minthostachys is considered monophyletic based on nrITS data and its scandent habit.     

Situation deLymantria dispar [Lep.: Lymantriidae] et de son complexe parasitaire en Iran,en 1976

Résumé Lymantria dispar (L.) est réparti en Iran dans la région la plus septentrionale du pays, le long de la mer Caspienne. Son aire recouvre le versant nord du massif de l'Elbourz, du nord de Tabriz à l'ouest jusqu'à Bojnurd à l'est. Ses plantes-h?tes sont très variées et comprennent les genres suivant:Alnus, Populus. Gleditschia. Quercus, Carpinus. Prunus. L'inventaire des ennemis naturels deL. dispar, parasites, prédateurs et maladies a été établi. Ces ennemis sont représentés pour la plupart par des espèces connues en Europe. Mais en Iran ils suffisent à maintenir les populations à un niveau très bas. Aucune gradation catastrophique n'a jamais été enregistrée. En 1976, les ravages ont été négligeables. Le taux global de mortalité par les maladies (virose et surtout nosémose) chez les chenilles et les nymphes échantillonnées a atteint 85% et le taux de parasitisme apparent 7%. Le taux de survie deL. dispar a été de 8% seulement. Les insectes parasites les plus efficaces appartiennent à 2 groupes: lesApanteles, avec essentiellementA. melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) et les tachinairesExorista larvarum (L.),Carcelia separata (Rondani) etCompsilura concinnata (Meigen). Les insectes suivants ont eu un impact faible: II s'agit des parasites larvairesBraconidae, Apanteles lacteicolor Viereck,Apanteles liparidis (Bouché),Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael);Ichneumonidae Phobocampe sp.,Casinaria tenuiventris (Gravenhorst),Coccygomimus instigator (F.),Lymantrichneumon disparis Poda, des prédateurs larvairesCarabidae. Calosoma sycophanta (L.) etPentatomidae, Picromerus conformis (Herrich-Sch?ffer) et du parasite oophageEupelmidae, Anastatus disparis Ruschka.

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Summary Lymantria dispar (L.) occurs in Iran in the most northern part of the country, bordering the Caspian sea. It is distributed throughout the northern slopes of the Elborz mountains, from the region north of Tabriz in the west to Bojnurd in the east. The host plants are quite varied and include the following genera:Alnus, Populus, Gleditschia, Quercus, Carpinus andPrunus. An inventory was made of the parasites, predators and pathogens ofL. dispar. In general these natural enemies are represented by species also present in Europe. However, in Iran they are able to maintain the population of the host at a very low level and no serious outbreak has ever been recorded. In 1976 the damage was negligible. The total mortality caused by the pathogens (virus and especiallyNosema) reached 85% and the apparent percentage was 7%. Only 8% of the host survived. The most effective insect parasites belonged to 2 groups:Apanteles, primarilyA. melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) and the tachinids,Exorista larvarum (L.),Carcelia separata (Rondani) andCompsilura concinnata (Meigen). The following insects had a minor efficacy: The were the larval parasitesBraconidae: Apanteles lacteicolor Viereck,Apanteles liparidis (Bouché),Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael);Ichneumonidae: Phobocampe sp.,Casinaria tenuiventris (Gravenhorst),Coccygominus instigator (F.),Lymantrichneumon disparis Poda; the larval predatorsCarabidae Calosoma sycophanta (L.) andPentatomidae Asopinae Picromerus conformis (Herrich-Sch?ffer) and the oophagous parasiteEupelmidae Anastatus disparis Ruschka.

     

Genetic relatedness among some wild cherry (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus</Emphasis> subgenus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cerasus</Emphasis>) genotypes native to Iran assayed by morphological traits and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis

Subgenus Cerasus species are useful genetic resources for cherry breeding programs. A total of 17 morphological traits together with 19 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were used to study 39 accessions including 34 wild Cerasus subgenus genotypes belonging to Prunus avium L., P. cerasus L., P. mahaleb L., P. microcarpa Boiss., P. incana Pall., and P. brachypetala Boiss. species, along with an unknown wild Cerasus sample, two advanced cherry cultivars (‘Lambert’ and ‘Bulgar’), and two rootstocks (‘Colt’ and ‘Gisela 6’). Genotypes were separated into different groups according to their species and collection sites using cluster analysis performed by Ward’s clustering method based on morphological data. Nineteen RAPD primers from 60 screened produced 304 polymorphic reproducible bands (98.15% polymorphism). According to the similarity matrix, the lowest similarity was obtained between P. avium and P. microcarpa samples. A dendrogram was prepared by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA), and the accessions were separated according to their species and geographic origin. In both morphological and molecular results, the advanced cultivars and rootstocks were separated from wild genotypes, and the unknown genotype was grouped with P. mahaleb accessions. Grouping by morphological characteristics was compared with the results of RAPD analysis, with no significant correlations between morphological and molecular data being found. This is the first report of molecular (RAPD) genetic diversity study in wild Cerasus subgenus genotypes from Iran, and the results demonstrate the high potential of RAPD analysis for discrimination of Cerasus subgenus genotypes.     

Conodonts of the genus Lochriea in Ireland and the recognition of the Viséan–Serpukhovian (Carboniferous) boundary

Conodonts of the genus Lochriea offer high‐resolution biostratigraphical differentiation of the upper Mississippian (Carboniferous). In particular, L. ziegleri is regarded as the most suitable index taxon for recognition of a revised Viséan–Serpukhovian boundary and selection of a Global Stratotype Section and Point. Mixed carbonate‐siliciclastic Carboniferous sections from western Ireland demonstrate that gradual morphological evolution is expressed within the Lochriea lineage, evidenced by P₁‐elements with progressively more complex ornament appearing in a pulsed fashion in the Late Viséan. Significant diversification of the Lochriea conodonts occurs below the currently recognized base of the Namurian (identified by ammonoids), with which the basal Serpukhovian has been correlated in the past. The First Appearance Datum (FAD) of L. ziegleri in the Lugasnaghta Section of western Ireland is apparently coincident with the FAD's of other complexly ornamented Lochriea species (e.g. L. cruciformis) and corresponds with the Irish and British P_2a ammonoid biozone and the lower part of the upper Cf6δ (MFZ15) foraminiferal biozone. The FAD of L. ziegleri in Ireland is closely related to other Lochriea morphotypes with complex ornament, which are difficult to identify to species level using current species definitions. These forms, recorded from the three sections examined (St Brendan's Well, Kilnamona and Lugasnaghta), may partly be explained as abnormal growth histories, evolutionary intermediate forms, etc. In some instances, however, the apparently consistent and novel morphotypes suggest that current Lochriea taxonomy needs to be re‐examined. Furthermore, given the close association of the morphologies with asymmetric complex ornament and L. ziegleri, these taxa may hold significance as biostratigraphical tools in their own right.     

A reexamination of North American Satureja s.l. (Lamiaceae) in light of molecular evidence

Satureja s.l. (Lamiaceae) is a large complex (ca. 225 spp.) that is variably treated as comprising from one to as many as 17 genera. The North American representatives are usually assigned toCalamintha, Clinopodium, Micromeria, Piloblephis, orSatureja. A recent chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis indicates that inclusion ofSatureja s.str.,Micromeria, andPiloblephis in the group renders it non-monophyletic. After exclusion of these three genera, a study of morphological variation in the remainder of the complex suggests that it is best treated as three genera, two of which do not occur in North America (Cyclotrichium and “Obtegomeria” [Doroszenko, ined., to be validated else-where]). The third comprises ca. 100 species, 11 of them native to North America north of Mexico. WithSatureja s.str. excluded, the name with priority for the latter genus isClinopodium. The indigenous North American species and their more frequently used synonyms are tabulated. A new combination,Clinopodium chandleri, is made.     

Species delimitation and phylogeography of Abies delavayi complex: Inferred from morphological,molecular, and climatic data

The species delimitation within Abies delavayi complex, consisting of A. delavayi Franch., A. fabri (Mast.) Craib, A. nukiangensis W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu, and A. delavayi subsp. fansipanensis (Q. P. Xiang, L. K. Fu & Nan Li) Rushforth, has been a subject of long‐term dispute. We combined different lines of evidence, including morphological characters, population‐based mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA sequences, and plastome data to assess its species delimitation. These four independent datasets revealed a consistent result that the four taxa of A. delavayi complex were hardly separated and could be regarded as one species. Our results further suggested that these four taxa might have experienced rapid morphological diversification, following a common expansion triggered by climate oscillations during the Pleistocene. In addition, we surveyed the phylogeographical history of A. delavayi complex as a whole based on ecological niche models and molecular data. These results consistently revealed that this high‐mountain fir complex had experienced glacial expansion and interglacial contraction. Therefore, we propose that A. delavayi complex probably has undergone the phalanx expansion model in response to climate change during the Quaternary. Such expansion patterns demand consideration when establishing conservation strategies for threatened fir species.     

Beiträge zur Taxonomie und Chorologie der mitteleuropäischen Utricularia-Arten 2. Androsporogenese,Chromosomenzahlen und Pollenmorphologie

• 1 Microsporogenesis and pollen development in U. vulgaris L., U. intermedia Hayne, and U. minor L. occur typically. In U. australis R. Br., U. ochroleuca Hartm., and U. bremii Heer formation of micronuclei, micropollen, of polyades and abortion of pollen were observed. These aberrations may be responsible for the often affirmed sterility of the mentioned taxa.
• 2 In U. vulgaris L., U. australis R. Br., U. intermedia Hayne, U. ochroleuca Hartm., and U. minor L. the number of chromosomes is n = 22. In U. australis R. Br. and U. ochroleuca Hartm. we occasionally counted n = 18, 19, 20, 23 or 24 chromosomes.
• 3 The pollen grains of all species but U. bremii Heer are 10–19-stephanocolporate. The endoapertures form an endocolpus transversalis; syncolpy of the ectoapertures occurs here and there. The size of normal pollen grains is for the polar axis 25–45 μm, for the equatorial diameter 22–38 μm. The exine is punctitectate; bacules infratectales occur.
• 4 The pollen grains of U. bremii Heer are irregularily spiroaperturate. Their surfaces look like the windings of the brain.
• 5 The pollen grains of the centraleuropean species represent the most derived type of the genus.

     

Preadaptation and post‐introduction evolution facilitate the invasion of Phragmites australis in North America

Compared with non‐invasive species, invasive plant species may benefit from certain advantageous traits, for example, higher photosynthesis capacity and resource/energy‐use efficiency. These traits can be preadapted prior to introduction, but can also be acquired through evolution following introduction to the new range. Disentangling the origins of these advantageous traits is a fundamental and emerging question in invasion ecology. We conducted a multiple comparative experiment under identical environmental condition with the invasive haplotype M lineage of the wetland grass Phragmites australis and compared the ecophysiological traits of this invasive haplotype M in North America with those of the European ancestor and the conspecific North American native haplotype E lineage, P. australis ssp. americanus. The invasive haplotype M differed significantly from the native North American conspecific haplotype E in several ecophysiological and morphological traits, and the European haplotype M had a more efficient photosynthetic apparatus than the native North American P. australis ssp. americanus. Within the haplotype M lineage, the introduced North American P. australis exhibited different biomass allocation patterns and resource/energy‐use strategies compared to its European ancestor group. A discriminant analysis of principal components separated the haplotype M and the haplotype E lineages completely along the first canonical axis, highly related to photosynthetic gas‐exchange parameters, photosynthetic energy‐use efficiency and payback time. The second canonical axis, highly related to photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and construction costs, significantly separated the introduced P. australis in North America from its European ancestor. Synthesis. We conclude that the European P. australis lineage was preadapted to be invasive prior to its introduction, and that the invasion in North America is further stimulated by rapid post‐introduction evolution in several advantageous traits. The multicomparison approach used in this study could be an effective approach for distinguishing preadaptation and post‐introduction evolution of invasive species. Further research is needed to link the observed changes in invasive traits to the genetic variation and the interaction with the environment.     

Strain development for the production of D(−)-β-hydroxyisobutyric acid

Candida rugosa BR-120, which cannot catabolize D(−)-β-hydroxyisobutyric acid (D-HIBA), was developed fromCandida rugosa IFO 0750 by UV irradiationC. rugosa BR-120 could not assimilate propionic acid as a carbon source. It is presumed thatC. rugosa BR-120 lacks HIBA dehydrogenase.C. rugosa BR-120 produced D-HIBA from isobutyric acid (IBA) with a high yield about 94%, whileC. rugosa IFO 0750 did it with about 42% on 5 days batch cultivation. On 5 days fed-batch cultivation,C. rugosa BR-120 andC. rugosa IFO 0750 produced 12.45 g/L and 5.22 g/L of D-HIBA, respectively. The degradation rate of D-HIBA by the resting cell ofC. rugosa IFO 0750 was 31.95%, butC. rugosa BR-120 was 3.08% on 2 days incubation.     

First report of Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Colombia: Morphometric and molecular analysis,with notes on morphological variation in specimens from Brazil and Colombia

The obscure mealybug Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is recorded for the first time from Colombia based on specimens collected on Opuntia cylindrica (Lam.) DC., Mammillaria sp. (Cactaceae), Escallonia paniculata (Ruiz & Pav.), Roem. & Schult. (Escalloniaceae), Ficus carica L. (Moraceae), Coffea arabica L. (Rubiaceae), Citrus sp. (Rutaceae), Cestrum nocturnum L. and Solanum betaceum Cavanilles (Solanaceae). Multiple methods were used to identify P. viburni because it belongs to the “Pseudococcus maritimus” complex, a group composed of more than 60 species with high variation in morphological characteristics. The specimens were identified based on the morphology and morphometric analysis of third-instar nymphs and adult females. This morphological identification was corroborated by data on geographical distribution, plant hosts and a molecular identification using two different loci, CO1 (mtDNA) and the 28S ribosomal gene (nuclear genome). An updated list of species of Pseudococcus Westwood recorded from Colombia and information on morphological variation found in the studied specimens from Brazil and Colombia are provided.     

皱皮油丹(樟科)在云南东南部的发现及其生物地理学意义

该文报道了在云南省马关县古林箐省级自然保护区发现的一个云南省新记录种——皱皮油丹(Alseodaphne rugosa Merr.et Chun),并对其形态、生境及该新记录种的生物地理学意义进行了描述与讨论。此新记录种的发现对樟科油丹属植物的系统分类学、生物地理学和区域生物多样性等方面的研究具有重要意义,同时也为探讨海南岛的起源问题提供了具有价值的研究材料。     

Régime alimentaire d'un thrips prédateurAeolothrips intermedius [Thys.: Aeolothripioas]

Résumé Diverses proies ont été présentées aux larves d'Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall. Les durées de développement larvaire ont servi de critère pour tester leur valeur nutritive. Les larves de thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.,Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Bouché etOdontothrips confusus Pr.) ont permis le développement le plus rapide (12 j en moyenne). Les acariens (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.,Tetranychus urticae Koch,Tetranychus atlanticus McGregor,Panonychus ulmi Koch,Cenopalpus pulcher Oudem.) ont donné de moins bons résultats (19 j en moyenne). Les aleurodes et les psylles n'ont pas assuré un développement complet. Quant aux aphides, ils n'ont pas été attaqués. Les adultes deA. intermedius doivent consommer des tissus floraux pour parvenir à la maturité sexuelle. A défaut de proies une alimentation florale peut aboutir au développement complet du prédateur. Des études quantitatives ont confirmé les résultats obtenus. Il semble donc qu'A. intermedius soit surtout un prédateur de thrips mais qu'il puisse aussi se nourrir d'acariens.

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Summary Various species of preys were given to the larvae ofAeolothrips intermedius Bagnall. Duration of larval development was used to gauge their nutritive value. Larvae of thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.,Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Bouché, andOdontothrips confusus Pr.) allowed the fastest development (12 days/average). (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.,Tetranychus urticae Koch,Tetranychus atlanticus McGregor,Panonychus ulmi Koch,Cenopalpus pulcher Oudem.) gave less good results (19 days/average). Aleyrodids and psyllids did not allow full grown. As for the aphids, they are not preyed. Adults ofA. intermedius need to feed on flowers to reach sexual maturity., In the absence of prey a floral diet can give full larval growth in predator. Quantitatives studies confirm these results. It seems thatA. intermedius is chiefly a predator of thrips but it can also prey on acari.

     

中国茶渍属和石蕊属4新记录种

通过形态学及化学研究,结合nrDNA ITS序列的系统发育分析,该文报道了茶渍属(Lecanora Ach.)和石蕊属(Cladonia P. Browne)地衣4中国新记录种：莱氏茶渍(Lecanora layana Lendemer)、白头山茶渍(L. baekdudaeganensis B. G. Lee&Hur)、伪银茶渍(L. pseudargentata Lumbsch)和草皮石蕊[Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey&Scherb.]。该文对这些物种的分类学特征进行了详细描述,并与相似种进行了对比,同时提供了各种的地理分布图和形态图。这为中国茶渍属和石蕊属地衣物种多样性及资源利用提供了基础资料。