木犀科系统研究中过氧化物同工酶的应用

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝电泳分析了木犀科７属５１种（亚种,变种及某些被归并的种）植物叶片过氧化物同工酶。研究结果表明,尽管个别种的种内酶谱有变化,但各个种都有能与其他种相区别的酶谱,各属也具有其特征酶谱,过氧化物同工酶适宜的作为木犀科分类的一个重要指标。根据酶谱认为不分亚科,各族独立为宜,酶谱支持雪柳属和连翘属分别从族及丁香族中独立出来单独建族;支持撤消丁香族,将丁香属并入木犀榄族而靠近女贞属,根据酶谱及     

RAPD应用于遗传多样性和系统学研究中的问题

在研究银杉（Ｃａｔｈａｙａ ａｒｇｙｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ）的遗传多样性时,对ＲＡＰＤ 产物的影响因素进行了大量的实验探索,结果表明：逐级纯化的ＤＮＡ 模板的ＲＡＰＤ结果一致, 因而模板制备过程中的很多纯化步骤是不必要的; ＲＮＡ 对扩增产物无影响; 模板浓度在一个相当大的范围内不影响扩增结果; 从干叶和鲜叶中提取的ＤＮＡ 可获得一致的扩增产物; 从而证明ＲＡＰＤ 产物具有很好的重复性。进而讨论了ＲＡＰＤ产物分析及数据分析中的一些问题。通过对升麻属（Ｃｉｍ ｉｃｉｆｕｇａ） ５ 种、类叶升麻（Ａｃｔａｅａ ａｓｉａｔｉｃａ）及松潘乌头（Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍ ｓｕｎｇｐａｎｅｎｓｅ）的ＲＡＰＤ 结果分析,认为ＲＡＰＤ 方法可用于种间乃至近缘属间的系统学研究, 但有一定的局限性     

SYSTEMATICS OF THE CAMBRIAN TRILOBITE FAMILY NEPEIDAE, WITH REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN SPECIES

Abstract:  Taxonomy of the Cambrian trilobite family Nepeidae is revised. Morphometric analyses of the genera Nepea and Penarosa demonstrate that use of proportions of linear dimensions of the cranidium to differentiate species is invalid, and that infrageneric variation is continuous. The taxonomy and biostratigraphy of all Australian species of Nepeidae is revised. Species considered valid herein include: Nepea narinosa (type species), N. tonsillata , N. nans , Penarosa retifera (type species), P. elaticeps , P. rhinodelphis , P. netenta , Loxonepea loxophrys (type species) and Ferenepea hispida (type species). Folliceps is considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Nepea , Trinepea is regarded as a junior subjective synonym of Penarosa , and Ascionepea is considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Ferenepea .     

禾本科植物叶片表皮结构细胞主要类型的演化与系统分类和发育途径的探讨

通过对禾本科２０３属３２８种植物的叶表皮解剖观察,对表皮各类结构细胞分别进行了演化探讨。根据结构细胞在类群间呈现的各种差异以及与外部形态、地理分布的相互印证,将禾本科分划为５亚科３超族,原来的芦竹亚科被归并到黍亚科中。同时以结构细胞在类群中显示的类型数、类型演化总体水平和类型变异趋势,对禾本科各大类群进行了系统位置的评认和亲缘关系、演化途径的推导。     

昆虫小分子化合物的分子系统学研究综述

昆虫体内的小分子经合物可分为初级代谢物和次级代谢物,本文综述了这两类小分子化合物在昆虫分类上的应用情况。化学指纹法简便快速,所获的数据是较高阶元的分类性状,而且有良好的生长地区指示作用。游离氨基酸只在四,五十年代应用较多。碳氢化合物是近十年在昆虫分类上应用较多的一类次生性化合物,易一提取,分析方法简便快速,但这类数据多属定量的,只能用多元分析法分析。昆虫外分泌物,尤其是防卫性外分泌物,在分类学研究     

THE USE OF DNA DIVERGENCE TO HELP DETERMINE THE CORRELATES OF EVOLUTION OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS

Even though, from Darwin onwards, interisland evolution has been a cornerstone of evolutionary theory it has not been possible to determine to what extent this geographic variation reflects the phylogeny (e.g., pattern of island colonization) or ecogenetic adaptation to different ecological conditions on each island. Using the morphology of western Canary Island lacertids (Gallotia galloti) as an example, a procedure is explored that gives a preliminary answer to this problem when there are a limited number of islands. The phylogenetic component (represented by patristic distances derived from 1005 mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA] base pairs) can be separated from two potential ecogenetic factors (environmental richness and climate) by partial Mantel tests. This reveals that, although these components interact, some characters are correlated primarily to biodiversity/paucity (e.g., size), others are correlated to wet and lush environments (e.g., dorsal pattern), and others are correlated primarily to the phylogeny (e.g., sexual leg markings). The former two correlations may be due to ecogenetic adaptation to current ecological conditions, wheras the latter reflects historical processes.     

菖蒲属系统学研究的进展与菖蒲科的重新确立

本文介绍了菖蒲属系统地位的变化情况,综述了菖蒲属(Acorus L.)从天南星科(Araceae Jussieu)中分离出来独立成科的形态学、解剖学、胚胎学、细胞学、植物化学、分子生物学等多方面的证据,并对菖蒲科(Acoraceae C. A. Agardh)系统关系的研究进展进行了总结。     

真菌系统学中的重要技术与方法的最新进展

本文对于真菌系统学中的重要技术与方法的最新进展进行了综合性评论,其中涉及到电子显微镜、染色技术、次生代谢产物、酶、血清学、细胞壁糖类、脂肪酸及酿类、染色体及核酸、以及数量分类等技术.作者讨论了这些新技术与新方法的现状与展望,并认为今后在真菌系统研究中多种学科之间的结合与国际之间的合作研究将具有特别重要的意义.     

ON THE INDEPENDENCE OF SYSTEMATICS

Abstract— Before the publication of On the Origin of Species the standing patterns of natural history—common plan, homology, ontogenetic parallelism, and the hierarchy of groups — were taken as indications of a biological order that had not yet been understood. Darwin covered all of these in chapter 13 of the Origin , arguing that his theory was the first to provide a reasonable explanation for the existence of such patterns. Since Darwin took these relations to be established by previous biology, and used them as evidence for the explanatory power of his theory, he was clearly of the opinion that they were independent of that theory. Although several modern figures have argued to the contrary, it seems that Darwin was right. The patterns listed above are recoverable from observation without reference to evolutionary theory, which theory may then be applied to provide an account of the processes by which they may have come about. That aspect of systematics concerned with the identification of the empirical patterns evidently constitutes a study prior to and independent of theories of process.     

核基因序列在昆虫分子系统学上的应用

核基因中含有更加丰富的生物学信息,运用核基因序列或将核基因序列与线粒体基因序列相结合研究昆虫的系统发育正成为分子系统学领域的一种发展趋势.核糖体基因中18S rDNA、28S rDNA、ITS已在昆虫分子系统学中得到了广泛的应用.与核糖体基因相比,虽然编码蛋白的核基因应用于昆虫分子系统学的种类不少,但大部分都是应用于双翅目和鳞翅目昆虫的分子系统学研究中,能够成功地普遍用于多个目昆虫的系统学研究的核基因并不多.本文简要介绍了应用于昆虫分子系统学的核中核糖体基因和编码蛋白的核基因,并分析了核基因序列在分子系统学应用上的局限性和应用前景.     

云南景颇族的体质特征

本文调查了云南景颇族261人（男105人,女156人）。年龄为成年人（男24－60岁,女23－55岁）。主要测量均值与现代中国汉族和云南省各少数民族比较和聚类分析的结果表明,景颇族属黄种人的东亚类型,但也有南亚类型特征表现。体质特征与傣族、哈尼族和彝族接近,与基诺族和布郎族较远。     

卵菌的系统学和分类学

引言卵菌Oomycetes生于水中、土内和陆上;淡水比海水中多,静水比流水中多;陆生多为植物寄生菌。腐生、寄生、专性寄生和共生均有。寄生于藻类、蕨类、种子植物、昆虫、鱼类及其他真菌上,引起病害。如水霉危害鱼苗和鱼卵,绵霉引起烂秧,疫霉和腐霉摧毁多种栽培植物,霜霉和白锈为害各种经济植物,病害流行时常造成严重的经