ATTACHED REPRODUCTIVE AND VEGETATIVE REMAINS OF THE EXTINCT AMERICAN-EUROPEAN GENUS CEDRELOSPERMUM (ULMACEAE) FROM THE EARLY TERTIARY OF UTAH AND COLORADO

Fossil twigs with attached foliage, fruits, and flowers from the middle Eocene of the Green River Formation in northeastern Utah and northwestern Colorado and from the early Oligocene Florissant beds of central Colorado provide a firm basis for reconstructing two species of an extinct ulmaceous genus that was widely distributed in the Tertiary of midlatitude western North America and Europe. The fruits are samaras of Cedrelospermum Saporta, a genus previously known only from isolated specimens. The distichously arranged, slender, pinnate-veined leaves vary from serrate with simple teeth to, less commonly, entire-margined. Corresponding isolated leaves in the Green River, Florissant, and other Eocene to Oligocene localities of western North America are now excluded from Zelkova and Myrica, to which they were previously misidentified. The anthers of the staminate flowers contain 3–5 porate pollen with rugulate sculpture. Based upon combined characters of phyllotaxy, and leaf, flower, fruit, and pollen morphology, Cedrelospermum can be referred to the extant subfamily Ulmoideae, and is similar to Phyllostylon, Zelkova, and Hemiptelea. The abundance of Cedrelospermum in lake sediments of volcanic areas, together with its production of numerous small winged fruits, suggest that it was an early successional colonizer of open habitats.     

OAK CATKINS,LEAVES AND FRUITS FROM THE OLIGOCENE CATAHOULA FORMATION AND THEIR EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE

Remains of staminate inflorescences, leaves, and fruits of Quercus from the Oligocene Catahoula Formation show striking similarity to modern subgenera Erythrobalanus (catkins and leaves) and Lepidobalanus (fruits). The appearance of modern subgenera in the Oligocene, only a short period of time after the first occurrences of Quercus in the fossil, record suggest a period of rapid evolution resulting in the modernization of Quercus. It is suggested that this period of relatively rapid evolution was in response to global climatic changes initiated at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary that may have been exaggerated by an Oligocene global lowstand of sea level. The climatic deterioration induced by these events may have allowed Paleogene Quercus to enter new adaptive zones through migration and hybridization culminating in the final major modernization of the oaks.     

STEMS AND LEAVES OF CUNNINGHAMIOSTROBUS GOEDERTII FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF WASHINGTON

This report is based on nine specimens of fossil conifer stems and leaves from the Early Oligocene Jansen Creek Member of the Makah Formation. They were collected along the northern shore of the Olympic Peninsula of Washington. The fossils are preserved as siliceous permineralizations and were exposed in surface view along rock fractures. Details of leaf morphology and epidermal construction appear on fracture surfaces of certain specimens while the cellular construction of the leaves and twigs is visible in thin sections. Leaves are dorsiventrally flattened, attached to twigs that contain up to four growth increments of secondary xylem, up to 2.3 cm long, 3.5 mm wide, and have parallel margins with minute teeth. The leaves are about 0.5 mm thick and have a central vascular strand surrounded by transfusion tissue. A large resin canal occurs abaxial to the vascular strand, and generally two additional resin canals occur in the mesophyll near each leaf margin. Leaves are mostly hypostomatic, with sunken stomata in two longitudinal bands, one to each side of the midline of the leaf and each containing eight to 13 longitudinal rows of stomata. Several unusual anatomical features in the stems also occur in the peduncle and cone axis of seed cones described as Cunninghamiostrobus goedertii, which occurs at the same locality. Thus, the leafy twigs belong to the same species as produced the cones. The cones, leaves, and shoots of this Tertiary conifer are similar to those of modern Cunninghamia but differ from the living species in several respects.     

INVESTIGATIONS OF TERTIARY ANGIOSPERMS: A NEW FLORA INCLUDING EOMIMOSOIDEA PLUMOSA FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF EASTERN TEXAS

A new fossil flower and inflorescence-bearing locality has been discovered in the Oligocene of the Texas Gulf Coast. The new flora is similar to the Middle Eocene Claiborne Flora of the southeastern USA, but the quality of preservation is sometimes better in the Oligocene fossils. One component of the new flora, a mimosoid legume inflorescence, appears identical with Eomimosoidea plumosa, first reported from the Claiborne Formation of western Tennessee. Investigations of these younger specimens indicate that the taxon had changed little during the Middle Eocene-Oligocene interval, and the better quality of preservation of the Texas specimens has provided further insights into the structure of the fossils. Comparisons of the fine structural details of the pollen of Eomimosoidea with similar pollen of extant mimosoids has confirmed that the fossil genus is indeed extinct and suggests that tetrahedral tetrads of columellate, tricolporate pollen grains are ancient, possibly primitive, in the Mimosoideae.     

THE EFFECTS OF THE SIZE, POSITION AND MATURATION PERIOD OF INFLORESCENCES AND FRUITS ON ABNORMAL PIGMENTATION IN THE TOMATO VARIETY POTENTATE

A modification to an earlier classification of pigmentation abnormalities, enabling it to be used for varieties other than Potentate, is discussed. It is shown for Potentate that the proportion of fruits giving uniform ripening colour declines with increasing fruit weight, while the proportion of Grade C fruits steadily increases. The occurrence of Grade A fruits, however, is maximal in fruits of 80 to 120 g. The occurrence of pigmentation abnormalities was shown to be independent of the length of the maturation period of the fruit. It was found that Grade A fruits occurred with greater frequency in fruits developing on upper inflorescences, while Grade C fruits occurred more frequently on lower inflorescences. The number of fruits in an inflorescence was shown to have no consistent relation to pigmentation abnormalities, nor was there any relation between pigmentation and the position of fruits within the inflorescence. Frequent examples of an antithetic relation between the occurrence of Grades A and C symptoms are noted, suggesting that conditions that are favourable for the development of the one are unfavourable for the development of the other.     

罗汉果嫩果中一个苦味成分的分离和鉴定

从新鲜的罗汉果嫩果实中分离出一个苦味成分,经化学和光谱测定其结构为罗汉果甙元一3,24一二一氧一β一葡萄糖甙。此成分首次从天然产物中得到。     

A NEW GENERALIZED PAUCITUBERCULATAN MARSUPIAL FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF BOLIVIA AND THE ORIGIN OF 'SHREW-LIKE' OPOSSUMS

Abstract:  Insights into the origin of 'shrew-like' oposssums of South America are gained thanks to a new fossil from the Oligocene Salla Beds in Bolivia. The specimen described here consists of a partial rostrum, palate and postcanine teeth, and shows several generalized features (cranial and dental) in the context of the Paucituberculata. On this basis we recognize Evolestes hadrommatos gen. et sp. nov. In order to evaluate the affinities of the new taxon, we performed a phylogenetic analysis including representatives of the Caenolestidae, Pichipilus and allies (not regarded here as caenolestids), Palaeothentidae, and Abderitidae, with three outgroups. Evolestes is the basalmost 'caenolestoid', and provides clues to the morphological changes involved in the origin of caenolestids.     

A COMPARISON OF THE ATTACHED ALGAL COMMUNITIES OF A NATURAL AND AN ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE1

A study of communities of attached algae in Lake Mize Florida, wax made during July 1969, July-August 1970 and April 1971. The substrates exposed during the study included glass slides mid the terrestrial form of the amphibious sedge, Eleocharis baldwinii (Torr.) Chapman. Counts were used to determine the relative abundance and densities of the species present on the 2 substrates under different environmental conditions. Such analyses indicated that at any given lime and place, a number of factors influenced the composition of the periphyton. Generally, lightly adhering, resupinate species attained higher densities on glass slides than filamentous and loosely associated metaphytonic species. The epiphytic flora of E. baldwinii contained a large number of both strong attachers and the metaphyton. The vertical range of many attached species was also greater on E. baldwinii than on glass slides.     

国内新记录属小帚梗柱孢属的一个新种

报道国内一新记录属——小帚梗柱孢属(Cylindrocladiella)的一新种:纤细小帚梗柱孢(Cylindrocladiella tenuis C.F.Zhang et P.K.Chi sp.nov.》。新种特征为不产生不育附属丝和顶端泡囊,分生孢子窄(小于3μm)而短,培养基(PDA,CLA)上厚垣孢子密集,形成微菌核。新种的模式标本存放在华南农业大学真菌标本室。     

甘肃裸子植物区系地理分析

在对甘肃产裸子植物进行系统整理的基础上,探讨了甘肃裸子植物的区系特征和区系分区。甘肃裸子植物种类丰富,产５科１５属４５种。其特点是：松柏类发达;北温带分布型属和中国特有种占优势;富含第三纪残遗成分;区系乱分具明显交汇过渡性质。依据甘肃各区域生态地理因子分异特点和裸子植物地理分布规律,将甘肃裸子植物区系划分为５个自然的区系小区：走廊区、中部小区、甘南小区、陇南小区。     

广东种子植物区系与邻近地区的关系

广东省共有种子植物约２１９科１４３４属４９８６种。植物区系分析和比较表明,广东种子植物区系与桂中、桂东南、湘南、赣南、闽南、闽西南、闽中植物区系最为密切,都含有丰富的华南植物区系成分,其森林区系的特征成分尤为相似,它们共同组成了华南植物区系省;另广东与海南、中南半岛北部的关系方较为密切,充分显示了北回归线地区亦即热带亚热带过渡地区植物区系的整体性特点。     

PREDAEA WELDII,A NEW SPECIES OF RHODOPHYTA FROM HAWAII,WITH AN EVALUATION OF THE GENUS1

A new species of Predaea (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) is described from Hawaii. It is compared in important morphological details with other species of the genus, all of which are distributed in the subtropics. Predaea is likewise compared to the genera of Nemastomataceae, and should be included in that family. The genus Yadranella Ercegovic (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) is placed in synonymy with Predaea.     

LONG-TERM PREFORMATION OF LEAVES AND INFLORESCENCES BY A LONG-LIVED PERENNIAL MONOCARP,FRASERA SPECIOSA (GENTIANACEAE)

In Frasera speciosa, a long-lived monocarpic gentian from the Colorado Rocky Mountains, leaves are preformed two to three yr in advance of their appearance above ground. Initiation of a flower stalk may begin as long as three yr before it becomes fully developed during a plant's final year. Whorls of preformed leaves are initiated continuously during the growing season, but they are enlarged only once a yr, when the basal rosette emerges above ground. This pattern of development allows plants to make maximal use of the growing season. The prolonged development may be necessary for the production of an elaborate and massive flower stalk by a slow-growing plant in a habitat with a short growing season.     

FLORA OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS CEDAR MOUNTAIN FORMATION OF UTAH AND COLORADO. PART III: ICACINOXYLON PITTIENSE N. SP

Icacinoxylon pittiense, a new species of angiospermous wood from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah is described and compared with similar fossil and modem woods. It is distinguished from other species of Icacinoxylon by its thick-walled fiber-tracheids with their walls making up at least 50% of the total diameter of the cells, conspicuous bordered pits with obliquely crossing extended apertures on both the tangential and radial walls of its fiber-tracheids, scalariform perforation plates with as few as four or greater than 30 bars, transitional opposite to scalariform pitting on its vessel walls, thick-walled ray cells, and distinct sheath or border cells in its rays. Icacinoxylon pittiense is the first species of this genus to be reported from Cretaceous sediments. This wood is of special interest because very few angiosperm woods have been reported from lower Cretaceous strata.     

广西宁明第三纪类黄杞翅果化石

广西宁明西南约4km处新发现的一个植物群中,含有一些与胡桃科黄杞属现生种的翅果在形态上近似的化石。它们的果翅三裂,裂片具有羽状脉序。这些化石的一部分特征与黄杞属的裸果黄杞组的相似,另一部分特征与该属的黄杞组的相似,因而难以将它们归于其中的任何一组,作者将其归于类黄杞属。后者是胡桃科黄杞族的一个器官属,与目前分布于我国长江以南及东南亚地区的黄杞属以及分布于美洲新大陆的美黄杞属有密切亲缘关系。在地史时期,类黄杞属的代表较广泛地分布于北半球。然而,当前化石却是这类化石在我国南方首次被发现,这为探讨黄杞族的演化提供了重要线索。从当前化石的研究和有关文献中得知,黄杞族祖先的翅果形态与裸果黄杞组的现生种可能有某种程度的近似。     

峨眉山槭属植物的地理分布和区系特点

本文报道了分布于四川峨眉山槭属植物,计26种1变种。讨论了槭属植物在峨眉山的垂直分布与水平分布规律。峨眉山槭属植物的区系组成是亚热带和温带东亚区系成分。     

中国钝螨属一新种和肛厉螨属一新纪录(蜱螨亚纲,寄螨科,裂胸螨科)

记述钝革螨属Amblygamasus Berlese,1904 1新种,龚氏钝革螨,新种Amblygamasus gongzhengdai sp.nov.,和肛厉螨属Proctolaelaps Berlese,1923中国新纪录,长毛肛厉螨Proctolaelaps longipilis(Chant,1958),标本采自银川市花卉市场,模式标本保存于军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所昆虫标本馆,北京.