四种单宁植物形成层的活动周期和次生韧皮部的季节变化

余甘子Ｐｈｙｌｌａｎｔｈｕｓｅｍｂｌｉｃａ．Ｌ杨梅Ｍｙｒｉｃａｒｕｂｒａ（Ｌｏｕｒ）．Ｓｉｅｂ．ｅｔＺｕｃｃ,黑荆树ＡｃａｃｉａｍｅａｒｓｉｉＤｅＷｉｌｄｅ形成层的活动有明显的季节性,形成层活动期分别为５～１１月,３～１２月,２～１０月,其他时间休眠,细枝木麻黄ＣｗａｓｕａｒｉｎａｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｉａｎａＭｉｑ的形成层周年都在活动１,２月的材料中也见到成膜林,４种树木在冬季都保留相当数量的具功能     

MORPHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF A LEAFLESS MUTANT IN TOMATO II. INDUCTION OF A VASCULAR CAMBIUM

The vascular tissues of the leafless form of the “lanceolate” mutant in tomato resemble those of the normal hypocotyl in the lower portions. A divergence in development occurs in the middle region of the mutant hypocotyl: two xylary strands split acropetally into five to seven units, while in the normal hypocotyl four main vascular bundles are established. The three to four week old mutant hypocotyl shows a marked proliferation of cells in its central cylinder when it is grown on a simple nutrient medium; proliferation also occurs in older specimens grown in soil. This condition is averted if the mutant is grafted beneath an actively growing normal shoot tip. Instead of having numerous, random cell divisions in the central cylinder, the grafted mutant shows large pith parenchyma cells and an active vascular cambium. These features characterize the normal hypocotyl and they have not been observed in the intact leafless mutant. The observed behavior of intact and grafted mutant hypocotyls can be interpreted in terms of the normal shoot tip acting both as physiological sink, with respect to cell-division stimuli produced mainly in the root system, and physiological source, with respect to cambial activating hormones.     

黑龙江省的水生维管束植物

在黑龙江流域附属水体中共采集到80种植物,隶属于26科。芦、荇菜、(艹杂)等为优势种;线叶水马齿、小慈姑、芡实等为偶见种。利用多度、频度指数、优势度及生态类型等项指标对哈尔滨近郊10个泡沼中的水生维管束植物进行了分析。松花江及附属水体中主要为菰群落;乌裕尔河内流区主要为芦群落;在通肯河与阿伦河主要为蒙古香蒲群落与菖蒲群落。全省由南向北,植物群落由泥沼群落过渡到急流群落,群落结构也由复杂渐变为简单。对哈尔滨市水产所三个草塘进行了定量分析,按林德曼定律与陈洪达公式,推算了鱼产力。最后阐述了植物的营养价值及与其它一些生物的关系．     

PLASTID DEVELOPMENT IN IOJAP- AND CHLOROPLAST MUTATOR-AFFECTED MAIZE PLANTS

Plastids affected by either iojap or chloroplast mutator fail to green, and altered plastids are maternally transmitted to subsequent generations. The ultrastructure of iojap-affected plastids indicates that these plastids contain no ribosomes and are capable of supporting little internal membrane organization in either light or dark-grown plants. Chloroplast mutator-affected plastids of light-grown plants contain some organized internal membrane structures. In dark-grown plants, chloroplast mutator-aftected plastids contain a crystalline prolamellar body, numerous vesicles, and osmiophilic granules. The chloroplast mutator-affecled etioplasts display an abnormal distribution of lamellar membranes; these membranes, rather than radiating in a spokelike pattern from the prolamellar body, are condensed into a portion of the organelle. Light causes disruption of the prolamellar body in chloroplast mutator-affected plastids without promoting the organization of a normal thylakoid membrane system. The effects of iojap and chloroplast mutator are cell autonomous and apparently influence the individual plastid, as evidenced by the persistence of heteroplastidic cells containing normal and affected plastids.     

AERENCHYMA DEVELOPMENT IN WATERLOGGED PLANTS

Aerenchyma development in waterlogged Helianthus annuus, Lycopersicon esculentum, and Salix fragilis was studied. More than half of the root cortical tissue sometimes became an air cavity in willow roots which developed in water. There was no cortical aerenchyma in the terminal portion, but more advanced aerenchyma developed towards the base of the sunflower roots formed in water. Waterlogged sunflower and tomato plants developed lysigenous aerenchyma in the cortex of waterlogged stems within two days.     

TAXONOMIC BIBLIOGRAPHY OF VASCULAR AQUATIC PLANTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

SUMMARY

The length mass relationship for a Labeo capensis population is described by the equation M = 0,0134 L^2'999 where 2,999 represents a constant the value of which indicates isometric growth. There is very little difference between the length/mass relationship for males and that for females and this is similar to the results found by Mulder (1973) for L. capensis in the Vaal River. The length/mass relationships for gravid males and females are different from that of the population as a whole indicating that maturity does result in a change of the body form which is in accordance with the results of Mulder (1973).

A modified formula to take into account, small length intervals of an age group, is used to calculate the relative condition factor for Labeo capensis from the Caledon River for a consecutive “winter” and “summer” period. The results show that the conhd1t10ni for Labeo capensis of the 0⁺, 1⁺ and 2⁺ age groups is better in the summer period than in the winter period, whereas in the older age groups 3⁺ to 5⁺ the condition in winter is better than in summer. This can be attributed to the attainment of sexual maturity at the age of 3⁺ years and the presence of large quantities of fat deposited in the body during the winter months, which are then utilised for the development of the gonads prior to spawning. These results are similar to those obtained for the same species by Mulder (1973) in the Vaal River and by Bloemhof (1974) in the Hardap Dam.     

浙江淡水维管束植物的区系特点与地理分布

根据15年的调查结果,对浙江省水生维管束植物的区系与地理分布特点进行了研究。已知浙江有水生维管束植物150种,隶属于78属,42科。将78属归纳为11个分布区类型,以世界分布类型所占比例最高,热带分布属总数多于温带分布属,泛热带分布和北温带分布比例非常高。将150种植物归纳为13个分布区类型,温带分布远多于热带分布,以东亚分布类型最为突出,体现了中国－日本植物区系的明显特征,探讨了浙江水生植物的水平地带性和垂直地带性分布规律,其分布不仅与气候带有关,更与水生的生境的分布格局有关。最后,报浙江水生植物濒危种的受威胁状况。