北方军人消化性溃疡流行病学调查

目的：了解消化性溃疡（PU）在我军区部队中的发病情况以及相关危险因素,为进一步预防和治疗研究提供基础。方法：通过整群抽样的方法,运用统一的自填问卷,调查研究对象PU的发病情况和暴露因素以及其它影响因素。结果：军人PU相关症状发生率（Sc≥5）为8.41%（618/7345,95%CI=7.77%~9.03%）。多因素分析发现,兵龄、消化性溃疡的家族史、NSAID用药史、精神紧张、脾气易怒与PU症状积分（Sc≥5）发生率显著相关,其他因素（年龄、BMI、文化程度、出生地、吸烟、饮酒、刺激食物、饮食规律）与PU症状的发生率未见明显关系。结论：北方部队PU症状的发生率低于南方部队,兵龄、消化性溃疡的家族史、NSAID用药史、精神紧张、脾气易怒可能是军人消化性溃疡的危险因素。     

山药新药源的调查和质量研究

市场上作商品淮山药流通而药典未收载的山药（原植物为山薯（Dioscorea fordii prain et Burk.),褐苞薯蓣（D.persimillis Prain et Burk.),参薯（D.alata L.)),药用历史悠久,药源丰富,已形成了较大的产区,在质量方面,与药典收载的怀山药（原植物为薯蓣（D.opposita Thunb.))比较,其有效成分和主要成分如多糖,尿囊素和氨基酸等含量都极为相似,但在多糖的单糖组成上,占优势的单糖种类不同,在药理试验中,四种山药（包括怀山药）效果都基本相同,具有增强机体能力,助消化和增强免疫功能的效果,因此,我们认为,原植物为山薯,参薯及褐苞薯蓣的淮山药作为新药源开发是可行的。     

四川省猪源沙门氏菌及耐药性变迁调查

为了解四川地区近几年猪源沙门氏菌的耐药性变迁情况,本研究于2009—2014年间采集了四川省主要猪养殖场的肛拭子样本2660份,分离鉴定获得沙门氏菌151株,总分离率为5.68%,占主导的血清型为德尔卑沙门氏菌(60.26%)。采用微量肉汤稀释法测定分离菌株对13种抗菌药物的敏感性。药敏结果显示,沙门氏菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、大观霉素、四环素、磺胺异噁唑、复方新诺明和恩诺沙星7种药物的耐药率最高,分别为94.7%、92.7%、93.4%、95.4%、91.4%、90.1%和86.8%,对头孢噻呋和多粘菌素E相对敏感。分析猪源沙门氏菌对不同抗菌药物的耐药性随年份的变迁情况,结果表明:2009—2014年猪源沙门氏菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、大观霉素、四环素、磺胺异噁唑和复方新诺明6种药物的耐药率维持较高的平稳动态趋势,对头孢噻呋、庆大霉素、多西环素、氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星和多粘菌素E这7种药物的耐药率呈上升趋势,尤其对头孢噻呋、多西环素、氟苯尼考和氧氟沙星的耐药率上升显著。6年间多重耐药菌株比例维持在较高水平(>60%)。研究表明,四川地区猪源沙门氏菌的耐药情况十分严重,亟需加强养殖业抗菌药物的合理应用以控制耐药性发展。     

辽宁省浑河源自然保护区食药用菌资源调查

为查明辽宁省浑河源自然保护区大型真菌的资源情况,合理利用和开发当地野生食药用菌资源,本研究经过两年的系统调查和采集,得到大型真菌标本610余份,采用传统的形态学鉴定方法,得到283种食药用菌,隶属于2门6纲20目53科122属,其中食用菌124种,药用菌130种。结果表明,当地的食药用菌资源十分丰富,具有开发利用的潜力,同时也说明当地充足水源和保护完整的森林生态对于大型真菌的生长是有积极作用的,因而在开发和利用野生食药用菌资源时,要重视对生态环境的保护。     

三峡库区民间常用中草药"水黄连"的基源调查

通过实地调查,借助已有各种文献,进行分析、总结、归纳。初步调查了在三峡库区生长的拥有“水黄连”名称的植物13种,其中库区作为“水黄连”药用的有8种。为库区“水黄连”的开发利用提供帮助。     

漳河源自然保护区鸟类资源调查及多样性分析

2018年7月至2019年9月采用样线法和样点法对漳河源自然保护区的鸟类资源进行了野外调查,结合文献资料,统计出保护区共有鸟类181种,隶属15目47科118属。其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类4种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类38种,中国脊椎动物红色名录受威胁物种25种,保护区鸟类资源保护价值高。区系成分分析表明,有东洋种77种、古北种61种、广布种43种;居留型分析显示,有留鸟100种、夏候鸟47种、冬候鸟20种、旅鸟14种。通过对鸟类资源的生境分析,保护区鸟类多样性由高到低依次是森林(4.965)>灌草丛(4.573)>农田(3.217)>水域(2.237)>居民区(1.651)。森林和灌草丛之间的相似性最高,森林和水域之间相似性最低。通过调查既丰富了荆山山脉的鸟类资源多样性基础数据,也为漳河源自然保护区鸟类资源保护提供科学依据。     

动物源性传染病

人与动物生活在同一个地球上,都是地球村的居民,彼此和谐共处,既是邻居,也是朋友。随着家庭宠物业的兴起,使越来越多的人有机会零距离地接触动物。据统计,在美国每天就有一亿人与动物直接接触,现在美国人口已达三亿,因此有三分之一的美国人每天与动物打交道。世界各国各地区的情况也大体相似,中国也不例外。2006年1～10月,北京市因动物致伤已达113167人次（北京市卫生局公布）。     

韩国研究人员成功生产出植物源尼龙原料

韩国工业大学KAIST的Sang—YupLee教授（化学与生物分子工程学系）在2009年11月26日召开的亚洲太平洋生物化学工程学会议上公布．用植物原料成功地生产出尼龙原料1,4-二氨基丁醇（1．4-diaminobutan01）。Lee教授的研究小组主要研究方向是利用以大肠杆菌为中心的微生物来生产琥珀酸、     

大气汞源解析受体模型研究进展

大气汞循环演化对全球汞的生物地球化学循环起着极其重要的作用。人为活动(化石燃料燃烧、水泥生产、氯碱制造以及金属冶炼与加工等)已成为大气汞的重要来源。在一定条件下,大气中的汞会发生干湿沉降而对某一局部环境——受体产生很大的影响。大气汞沉降在城市和工业区呈现出很强的空间梯度现象,排放源附近的汞沉降量明显较强。利用对受体的研究开展大气汞的源解析工作,是大气汞研究的一个重要领域。本文综述了污染物源解析的受体模型的研究及应用,介绍了化学质量平衡法、因子分析法、正交矩阵因子分解法、多元线性回归法等方法,概括了源解析在大气汞方面的应用成果,对我国区域大气汞源解析受体模型的建立及应用进行了探讨。     

人源化小鼠人源细胞检测方法

目的人源化小鼠在人类疾病与再生医学研究中具有广泛应用,为获得一种理想的人源化小鼠检测方法,研究人特异性线粒体序列扩增作为人源化动物模型中人类DNA检测方法的可行性。方法设计人线粒体DNA特异性引物,并用该引物对人脐血造血干细胞嵌合体小鼠进行了检测。结果在人源化动物模型的人类DNA检测中,这种人线粒体DNA的PCR检测方法能够达到理想的特异性与灵敏性,是一种理想的嵌合体小鼠检测方法。结论获得了一种理想的人源化小鼠人源细胞检测方法。     

Frequency Spectrum Method-Based Stress Analysis for Oil Pipelines in Earthquake Disaster Areas

When a long distance oil pipeline crosses an earthquake disaster area, inertial force and strong ground motion can cause the pipeline stress to exceed the failure limit, resulting in bending and deformation failure. To date, researchers have performed limited safety analyses of oil pipelines in earthquake disaster areas that include stress analysis. Therefore, using the spectrum method and theory of one-dimensional beam units, CAESAR II is used to perform a dynamic earthquake analysis for an oil pipeline in the XX earthquake disaster area. This software is used to determine if the displacement and stress of the pipeline meet the standards when subjected to a strong earthquake. After performing the numerical analysis, the primary seismic action axial, longitudinal and horizontal displacement directions and the critical section of the pipeline can be located. Feasible project enhancement suggestions based on the analysis results are proposed. The designer is able to utilize this stress analysis method to perform an ultimate design for an oil pipeline in earthquake disaster areas; therefore, improving the safe operation of the pipeline.     

Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms and Post-Traumatic Growth: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study following an Earthquake Disaster

Objective

The current longitudinal study aims to examine the bidirectional relationship between post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and post-traumatic growth (PTG).

Method

One hundred twenty-two adults in the most severely affected area were investigated by self-report questionnaires at 12 months and 18 months after the Wenchuan Earthquake occurred in China.

Results

The autoregressive cross-lagged structure equation analysis revealed that PTG at 12 months post-earthquake could negatively predict PTSS at 18 months post-earthquake above and beyond PTSS stability, whereas PTSS at 12 months post-earthquake could not significantly predict subsequent PTG. Moreover, PTG at 12 months post-earthquake could predict fewer subsequent intrusions, numbing and hyper-arousal symptoms but not avoidance symptoms.

Conclusion

Growth can play a role in reducing long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms, and the implication of a positive perspective in post-trauma circumstance is discussed.     

Factors Associated with Nursing Activities in Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief

Background

Although nurses play an important role in humanitarian aid and disaster relief (HA/DR), little is known about the nursing activities that are performed in HA/DR. We aimed to clarify the nursing activities performed by Japanese nurses in HA/DR and to examine the factors associated with the frequency of nursing activities.

Methods

A self-administered questionnaire survey was completed by 147 nurses with HA/DR experience. The survey extracted information on demographic characteristics, past experience (e.g., disaster medical training experience, HA/DR experience), circumstances surrounding their dispatched to HA/DR (e.g., team size, disaster type, post-disaster phase, mission term), and the frequency of nursing activities performed under HA/DR. The frequency of nursing activities was rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Evaluation of nursing activities was conducted based on the “nursing activity score”, which represents the frequency of each nursing activity. Factors related to the nursing activity score were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

Nurses were involved in 27 nursing activities in HA/DR, 10 of which were performed frequently. On analysis, factors significantly associated with nursing activity score were nursing license as a registered nurse (OR 7.79, 95% CI 2.95–20.57), two or more experiences with disaster medical training (OR 2.90 95%, CI 1.12–7.49) and a post-disaster phase of three weeks or longer (OR 8.77, 95% CI 2.59–29.67).

Conclusions

These results will contribute to the design of evidence-based disaster medical training that improves the quality of nursing activities.     

Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa

Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa. Alex de Waal. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.238 pp.     

水分胁迫期间及胁迫解除后桃树叶片中的碳水化合物代谢

水分胁迫期间、盆栽桃幼树叶片中淀粉和蔗糖含量降低,山梨醇、葡萄糖和果糖则升高;淀粉酶、6－磷酸醛糖还原酶（A6PR）、酸性转化酶（AI）和蔗糖合酶（SS）涤性升高,ADPG焦磷酸化酶（ADPGPPase）、中性转化酶（NI）、山梨醇脱氢酶（SDH）和磷酸蔗糖合酶（SPS）的活性降低。胁迫解除后,淀粉和葡萄糖含量恢复,山梨醇和果糖仍高于对照;A6PR、SDH和ADPGPase活性维持在原水平上;淀粉酶活性恢复;SPS活性增加而AI活性降低。     

灾后消防救援人员创伤后应激障碍分析

目的：对地震后消防救援人员创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的发生率及心理健康状况进行分析。方法：选用创伤后应激评定量表（PCL-C）和中文版事件影响量表（IES-R）,对灾后三个月内消防员310人进行评估。结果：灾后三个月内PTSD症状的总发生率为35.3%;地震救援组和基层消防组IES-R得分显著高于一般院校组,但地震救援组和基层消防组得分无显著差异,PCL-C得分结果与之类似;恐惧、创伤经历和救援失败等是PTSD症状的影响因素。结论：消防员是职业心理创伤的高危人群,地震后消防救援人员PTSD症状发生率较高,应给予及时心理干预。     

灾后消防救援人员创伤后应激障碍分析

目的:对地震后消防救援人员创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的发生率及心理健康状况进行分析。方法:选用创伤后应激评定量表(PCL-C)和中文版事件影响量表(IES-R),对灾后三个月内消防员310人进行评估。结果:灾后三个月内PTSD症状的总发生率为35.3%;地震救援组和基层消防组IES-R得分显著高于一般院校组,但地震救援组和基层消防组得分无显著差异,PCL-C得分结果与之类似;恐惧、创伤经历和救援失败等是PTSD症状的影响因素。结论:消防员是职业心理创伤的高危人群,地震后消防救援人员PTSD症状发生率较高,应给予及时心理干预。     

The Long-Run Socio-Economic Consequences of a Large Disaster: The 1995 Earthquake in Kobe

We quantify the ‘permanent’ socio-economic impacts of the Great Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) earthquake in 1995 by employing a large-scale panel dataset of 1,719 cities, towns, and wards from Japan over three decades. In order to estimate the counterfactual—i.e., the Kobe economy without the earthquake—we use the synthetic control method. Three important empirical patterns emerge: First, the population size and especially the average income level in Kobe have been lower than the counterfactual level without the earthquake for over fifteen years, indicating a permanent negative effect of the earthquake. Such a negative impact can be found especially in the central areas which are closer to the epicenter. Second, the surrounding areas experienced some positive permanent impacts in spite of short-run negative effects of the earthquake. Much of this is associated with movement of people to East Kobe, and consequent movement of jobs to the metropolitan center of Osaka, that is located immediately to the East of Kobe. Third, the furthest areas in the vicinity of Kobe seem to have been insulated from the large direct and indirect impacts of the earthquake.