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报道国内一新记录属--小帚梗柱孢属的一新种:纤细小帚梗柱孢。新种特征为不产生不育附属线和顶端泡囊,分生孢子窄而短,培养基上厚坦孢子密集,形成微菌核,新种的模式标本存放在华南农业大学真菌标本室。 相似文献
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报道分离自土壤中的齿梗孢属 Scolecobasidium 二新种:椭圆齿梗孢 Scolecobasidium ellipticum 和小孢齿梗孢 Scolecobasidium microsporum。椭圆齿梗孢与亚马逊齿梗孢 S. amazonense、粗腐植齿梗孢 S. crassihumicola 和倒卵齿梗孢 S. obovatum 形态近似,区别在于 S. amazonense 的分生孢子倒卵形,常在分生孢子基部形成一横隔膜,同样 S. crassihumicola 的分生孢子也仅具一横隔膜;S. obovatum 的分生孢子(10-25×4-6μm)明显地较新种的大,且表面光滑,因此容易区分。小孢齿梗孢与嗜粪齿梗孢 S. coprophilum、腐植齿梗孢 S. humicola 和小疣齿梗孢 S. verruculosum 分生孢子形态有些相似,但新种的分生孢子明显小于 S. coprophilum(6-12.5×2.8-4.2μm)和 S. humicola(7-13×2.8-4μm, Matsushima,1971)的,分生孢子梗也明显较后两者的短;此外,新种的分生孢子密生刺突,而 S. verruculosum 分生孢子表面遍生小疣,使它们陪此易于区分。二新种的模式标本(干制培养物)保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。 相似文献
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本文报道囊梗孢属一新种和一中国新记录种。新种为直立囊梗孢Oncopodium erectum G. Z. Zhao & T. Y. Zhang, 其典型特征是分生孢子宽倒棒状或梨形,砖格状, 几乎总是三个横膈膜。中国新记录种为李囊梗孢Oncopodium pruni M. B. Ellis。对这两个种进行英文描述,并附图,新种具拉丁文描述。研究标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。 相似文献
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本文报道囊梗孢属一新种和一中国新记录种。新种为直立囊梗孢Oncopodium erectum G. Z. Zhao & T. Y. Zhang, 其典型特征是分生孢子宽倒棒状或梨形,砖格状, 几乎总是三个横膈膜。中国新记录种为李囊梗孢Oncopodium pruni M. B. Ellis。对这两个种进行英文描述,并附图,新种具拉丁文描述。研究标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。 相似文献
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本文报道囊梗孢属一新种和一中国新记录种.新种为直立囊梗孢Oncopodiumerectum
G.Z.Zhao&T.Y.Zhang,其典型特征是分生孢子宽倒棒状或梨形,砖格状,几乎总是三个横膈膜.中国新记录种为李囊梗孢Oncopodiumpruni
M.B.Ellis.对这两个种进行英文描述,并附图,新种具拉丁文描述.研究标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP). 相似文献
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本文报道柱隔孢菌属二新种,二个中国新记录种.新种是紫荆生柱隔孢 Ramulariacercidis,寄生在云实亚科(Caesalpiniodeae)紫荆(Cercis chinensis)上;丁香柱隔孢Ramulariasyringae,寄生在木犀科(Oleaceae)丁香属Syringa sp.上.新记录种是极细柱隔孢Ramulariaangustissima和稍厚柱隔孢R.crassiuscula.文中为新种提供了拉丁文描述和附图.研究标本保存于云南农业大学真菌标本室(MHYAU). 相似文献
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本文报道柱隔孢属一新种:紫穗槐柱隔孢 Ramularia amorphae Wang et Zhang sp.Nov.和两个新记录种:碧冬茄柱隔孢R.Petuniae Cooke,菜豆柱隔孢R.Phaseoli(Drummond) Deighton。新种提供了拉丁文描述。每个种均有汉文描述并附图。研究的标本收藏于云南农业大学真菌标本室。 相似文献
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本文报道柱隔孢菌属二新种,二个中国新记录种。新种是紫荆生柱隔孢 Ramularia cercidis,寄生在云实亚科(Caesalpiniodeae)紫荆(Cercis chinensis)上;丁香柱隔孢 Ramularia syringae,寄生在木犀科(Oleaceae)丁香属 Syringasp.上。新记录种是极细柱隔孢 Ramularia angustissima 和稍厚柱隔孢 R.crassiuscula。文中为新种提供了拉丁文描述和附图。研究标本保存于云南农业大学真菌标本室(MHYAU)。 相似文献
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生物多样性的编目和分类以及生物多样性监测是全球生物多样性研究的两个核心内容。物种编目是了解物种多样性的基础, 只有掌握物种分布格局及物种与环境的关系, 才能为物种监测和科学管理提供依据。作为浙江种子植物研究的“家底”, 本文在《浙江植物志(新编)》编研的基础上, 系统整理了浙江种子植物的物种名录。结果显示, 浙江共有种子植物212科1,469属4,430种, 其中野生植物有190科1,085属3,347种。所含种数多于100种的科有禾本科(285种)、莎草科(216种)、菊科(186种)、蔷薇科(153种)、兰科(126种)、蝶形花科(109种)和唇形科(108种); 含20种以上的属有15属, 包括薹草属(Carex, 126种)、刚竹属(Phyllostachys, 44种)、悬钩子属(Rubus, 44种)、冬青属(Ilex, 35种)、蓼属(Polygonum, 34种)、珍珠菜属(Lysimachia, 32种)、铁线莲属(Clematis, 31种)、景天属(Sedum, 28种)、槭属(Acer, 26种)、荚蒾属(Viburnum, 26种)、飘拂草属(Fimbristylis, 26种)、蒿属(Artemisia, 25种)、堇菜属(Viola, 22种)、葡萄属(Vitis, 21种)和山矾属(Symplocos, 21种)。其区系特点主要反映在: 物种丰富, 其科属组成多样; 保存了较多古老孑遗植物; 地理成分多样, 联系广泛, 由热带向温带过渡; 中国特有科2科、中国特有属45属、浙江(准)特有种近500种(含亚种和变种), 珍稀濒危植物丰富, 96种为国家重点保护植物; 外来植物多, 入侵风险大, 有些种已形成明显的危害。 相似文献
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于2017年至2018年对广东丹霞山国家级自然保护区的翼手目动物进行调查,主要采用日栖息地与夜栖息地、捕食区网捕等调查方法,共调查到翼手目5科13属23种,其中蝙蝠科(Vespertilionidae)9属15种,菊头蝠科(Rhinolophidae)1属4种,蹄蝠科(Hipposideridae)1属2种,假吸血蝠科(Megadermatidae)1属1种,犬吻蝠科(Molossidae)1属1种。从区系组成来看,以东洋界为主(19种),其次为广布种(3种),古北界仅1种。从栖息类型上看,分为洞栖型、树栖型及建筑物栖息型,以洞栖型为主(15种),建筑物栖息型其次(12种),树栖型最少(5种),但其中9个物种的栖息地类型同时包含了上述3种栖息类型中的2种。本研究在广东丹霞山发现中国蝙蝠新分布记录1种,为卡氏伏翼(Hypsugo cadornae);而中印鼠耳蝠(Myotis indochinensis)为中国分布的再次确认。 相似文献
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新疆石竹科的繁缕亚科、裸果木亚科共有植物14属63种3变种。占新疆石竹总属数66.7%总种数48.2%。从垂直分布来看,主要分布于阿尔泰山和天山的亚高山草甸带和森林草甸带,昆仑山的高寒荒漠草原也有一定的分布。从水平分布看,主要有五个分布较集中的区域,即:阿尔泰泰山地,准噶尔西部山地,天山中西部山地、天山东部山地、昆仑山和帕米尔高原。在区系组成中,北温带成分21种,占31.9%;温带亚洲成分14种, 相似文献
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The factors controlling species density in herbaceous plant communities: an assessment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper evaluates both the ideas and empirical evidence pertaining to the control of species density in herbaceous plant communities. While most theoretical discussions of species density have emphasized the importance of habitat productivity and disturbance regimes, many other factors (e.g. species pools, plant litter accumulation, plant morphology) have been proposed to be important. A review of literature presenting observations on the density of species in small plots (in the vicinity of a few square meters or less), as well as experimental studies, suggests several generalizations: (1) Available data are consistent with an underlying unimodal relationship between species density and total community biomass. While variance in species density is often poorly explained by predictor variables, there is strong evidence that high levels of community biomass are antagonistic to high species density. (2) Community biomass is just one of several factors affecting variations in species density. Multivariate analyses typically explain more than twice as much variance in species density as can be explained by community biomass alone. (3) Disturbance has important and sometimes complex effects on species density. In general, the evidence is consistent with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis but exceptions exist and effects can be complex. (4) Gradients in the species pool can have important influences on patterns of species density. Evidence is mounting that a considerable amount of the observed variability in species density within a landscape or region may result from environmental effects on the species pool. (5) Several additional factors deserve greater consideration, including time lags, species composition, plant morphology, plant density and soil microbial effects.Based on the available evidence, a conceptual model of the primary factors controlling species density is presented here. This model suggests that species density is controlled by the effects of disturbance, total community biomass, colonization, the species pool and spatial heterogeneity. The structure of the model leads to two main expectations: (1) while community biomass is important, multivariate approaches will be required to understand patterns of variation in species density, and (2) species density will be more highly correlated with light penetration to the soil surface, than with above-ground biomass, and even less well correlated with plant growth rates (productivity) or habitat fertility. At present, data are insufficient to evaluate the relative importance of the processes controlling species density. Much more work is needed if we are to adequately predict the effects of environmental changes on plant communities and species diversity. 相似文献
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苏州地区外来入侵植物组成及分布 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了解苏州外来入侵植物的种类组成及分布概况,对苏州地区6个县市(包括常熟、昆山、苏州、太仓、吴江和张家港)26个样点内不同生境中的外来入侵植物进行了调查分析.调查结果显示:每个样点有外来人侵植物7~25种,平均每个样点有17.9种.在26个样点中观察到外来入侵植物57种,隶属于19科45属;其中菊科(Compositae)种类最多(23种),占总种数的40.4%;豆科(Leguminosae)、玄参科(Scrophulariaceae)、禾本科(Poaceae)、伞形科(Apiaceae)、苋科(Amaranthaceae)和旋花科(Convolvulaceae)种类也较多.原产于北美洲和欧洲的种类分别有20和12种,分别占总种数的35.1%和21.0%;还有17种原产于美洲的其他区域,少数种类原产于非洲、西亚和地中海地区.在57种外来入侵植物中,草本植物有55种,非多年生植物有44种,分别占总种数的96.5%和77.2%.有18种的频度超过50%,其中加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis L.)和一年蓬[Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.]的频度最高,分别达到96.15%和92.31%,且多度等级均属于极多级(Soc);空心莲子草[ Ahernanthera philoxeroides( Mart.) Griseb.]和白车轴草(Trifolium repens L.)的频度也均在80%以上,且多度等级也属于极多级(Soc).调查结果表明:苏州地区外来植物入侵现象比较严重. 相似文献
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清澜红树林保护区位于海南岛东北部文昌市境内,为全面了解其植物多样性,对其各类植被进行了调查。共记录到维管植物172种,隶属于62科148属。其中真红树植物24种,占全省真红树(26种)的92.31%,占全国(28种)的85.71%,占全世界(86种)的27.91%;在4040 m2样地内,共记录到高度1.5 m以上的红树植物29种3670株,其中重要值最高的为海桑Sonneratis caseolaris,其次是海莲Bruguiera sexangula,两者重要值依次是12.90和12.33;但在个体数量上,角果木Ceriops tagal和红海榄Rhizophora stylosa占优势。清澜港红树林保护区自然植被具体划分为1个植被类型组、1个植被类型、2个群系组和12个群系。经过19年的演变,木榄Bruguiera gymnorrhiza和水椰Nypa fruticans群落消失,瓶花木Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea群落也破碎成零星分布,新出现了木果楝Xylocarpus granatum群落,其他如海桑Sonneratia caseolaris等群落则继续保持稳定,变化很小。 相似文献
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Pedro P. Garcillán Exequiel Ezcurra Ernesto Vega 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2008,17(7):1613-1625
Guadalupe Island, an oceanic island in the northwest of Mexico, is an outlier of the California Floristic Province that has
been disturbed by introduced goats for more than a century, with dramatic effects of goats on plant communities and local
species extinctions. In 2004 the island went through a successful eradication program. Since then, six previously unrecorded
species have been discovered and four supposed extinct species have been found again. Quantifying the true species richness
of the island at the time of eradication, to set a benchmark for the future monitoring of this large-scale natural experiment,
is both a challenge and a necessity. For this purpose, we estimated (a) current and (b) accumulated historical plant species
richness of the island through accumulation functions. Estimation of current species richness was based on the geographical
accumulation process of species richness (80 species) obtained from sampling 110 (50 m × 2 m) transects distributed along
the island in year 2004. Historical species richness was estimated through the temporal accumulation of species richness (119
species) from botanical records (1,960 specimens reviewed) between 1875 and 2000. The predicted value of historical richness
(213 species) is similar to known historical records (218 species), but estimation of current richness (203 species) is significantly
higher than accepted extant plant richness (187 species). Our results suggest that currently there may be more plant species
living in the island than estimated through recent botanical exploration. Future monitoring of the island as it recovers will
clarify this hypothesis. 相似文献
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物种编目是了解生物多样性的基础。本文收集已出版的专著和文献, 查阅标本馆的馆藏标本信息, 在此基础上, 对黄土高原的石松类和蕨类植物的多样性和地理分布数据进行统计和分析。科属排列采用Flora of China的分类系统, 科属界定依据分子系统学的最新研究成果。结果表明, 黄土高原共有石松类和蕨类植物18科42属165种2亚种5变种, 其中中国特有种35种, 占总种数的20.35%。种类数量最多的5个科依次为凤尾蕨科(29种, 含种下单位, 下同)、鳞毛蕨科(28种)、水龙骨科(19种)、蹄盖蕨科(16种)和铁角蕨科(16种); 种类数量最多的6个属依次为铁角蕨属(Asplenium, 16种)、鳞毛蕨属(Dryopteris, 15种)、耳蕨属(Polystichum, 12种)、岩蕨属(Woodsia, 11种)、卷柏属(Selaginella, 10种)和瓦韦属(Lepisorus, 10种)。黄土高原的石松类和蕨类植物中, 无珍稀濒危保护植物, 无中国特有属。依据生态类型可划分为4类, 即土生植物(112种)、石生植物(75种)、附生植物(18种)、水生植物(3种), 该区域石松类和蕨类植物土生或石生的种类占总种数的89.53%。在地理分布上, 黄土高原石松类和蕨类处于我国现生类群分布的边缘区域, 这与我国的石松类和蕨类分布规律基本一致。 相似文献