A note on some Eurotatoria from Panjab State,India

Among 35 eurotatorian species presently reported from Panjab State, India, ten species are new records to this region while eight are new records from N. W. India. A new synonym is proposed and biogeographical remarks are made.     

Polychaeta collected by U. D. Gaikwad at Ratnagiri, south of Bombay

A collection of polychaete worms, obtained by Mr U. D. Gaikwad from sandy and rocky shores near the Ratnagiri Marine Biological Station which is some 240 km south of Bombay, included 50 species. Among them were seven new species namely: Intoshella indica, Hololepidella maculata, Lepidasthenia tubicola. Nereis (Nereis) gaikwadi, Polydora gaikwadi, Cirratulus indicus, and Sobellaria simplex The remaining species belong to the Indo-west Pacific fauna but several have not previously been recorded from India itself. Glycera decipiens Marenzeller, Dorvillea matsushimaensis (Okuda & Yamada) and Mesochaetopterus japonicus Fujuwara, known only from Japan, have been re-described. Nicolea gracilibranchis Grube is shown to be a synonym of the widely distributed N. venustula (Montagu) and Terebella yappensis Okuda, originally described as a variety of T. ehrenbergi, is raised to species rank.     

Neocrassinid bivalves (Heterodonta) from the Middle Bathonian (Jurassic) of Kachchh,Western India

Six bivalve taxa belonging to the genusNeocrassina Fischer have been described from Middle Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) rocks of Kachchh, Western India. Of these,Neocrassina (N.) ovata (Smith), TV.(N.) robusta (Etallon) andN. (N.) paphia (d?Orbigny) have been recorded previously from various parts of Europe, whileNeocrassina (N.) pandeyi Maithani is an endemic faunal element as areNeocrassina (N.) sp. A andNeocrassina (N.) sp. B. The generic and sub-generic characters ofNeocrassina are reviewed as are affinities of the taxa with closely related forms from India and other parts of the world.     

Amomum jainii sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from N. E. India

A new species, Amomum jainii from N. E. India is described and illustrated. — CDRI Communication No. 5882.     

Biodiversity of Rotifera in some tropical floodplain lakes of the Brahmaputra river basin,Assam (N.E. India)

One hundred and sixteen species of Rotifera are recorded from seven floodplain lakes of the Brahmaputra basin (northeastern India), the highest rotifer biodiversity recorded from these biotopes in the Indian subcontinent to date. The Australasian Brachionus dichotomus reductus and Lecane batillifer; the Oriental Keratella edmondsoni, Lecane blachei and L. acanthinula; the Palaeotropical Lecane braumi, L. lateralis, L. unguitata, Trichocerca tropis, Testudinella greeni and T. brevicaudata; the Pantropical Brachionus donneri and a rather widely distributed Horaella brehmi represent taxa of biogeographical interest. Three species are new additions to the Indian rotifer fauna and eight are new to the N.E. region. Lecanidae > Brachionidae = Colurellidae > Trichocercidae > Testudinellidae comprise the largest fraction (68.0%) of the examined fauna. Comments are made on the general nature and composition of the rotifer taxocoenosis as well as on acidophilic elements, ecology of various taxa and on the species richness of different lakes.     

广东竹亚科新组合及新异名

报道了广东竹亚科13新组合,1新名称和3新异名,其中筋竹属3新组合1新名称,牡竹属4新组合,青篱竹属5组合1新异名,箬竹属2新异名及方竹属1新组合.     

Bit-mapped imaging of somatosensory evoked potentials after stimulation of the posterior tibial nerves and dorsal nerve of the penis / clitoris

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to unilateral or bilateral posterior tibial nerve (PTN) stimulation and to stimulation of the dorsal nerve (DN) of the penis / clitoris were recorded on 32 channels in 10 volunteers. SEPs to unilateral PTN stimulation consisted of the classic ‘W’ complex P38-N45-P56-N75 maximal on the ipsilateral central and parietal leads, and two negative waves, N33 and N37, maximal on the contralateral post- and prerolandic areas, respectively. A lemniscal P30 was also recorded. Bilateral PTN stimulation caused, by algebraic summation, the disappearance of both N33 and N37; the W complex was symmetrical and the amplitude of P30 increased. The SEPs to DN stimulation were also symmetrical, and N33 and N37 were absent. These features can be explained by the bilateral character of DN stimulation. They also differed from bilateral PTN SEPs in 3 respects; the absence of P30, the small amplitude and the weaker gradients of field distribution of the ‘W’ complex, and the somewhat different distribution of penile from clitoral or bilateral PTN, N45 and P56. These differences can be explained both by physiological (the different fiber composition of the DN) and anatomical (the deeper localization of the DN cortical receiving area) mechanisms.     

Influence of growth conditions on the accumulation of ergosterol by Rhodotorula glutinis

Maximum accumulation of ergosterol by Rhodotorula glutinis IIP-30 [4% (w/w) of the biomass] was at pH 4 and 28 to 30°C, wich glucose or sucrose as carbon source and (NH₄)₂SO₄ as N-source. Molasses only gave 1% (w/w) ergosterol content, as did KNO₃ or urea when used as sole N source.V.W. Johnson was and N.K. Yadav is with the Microbiology Department, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380 009, India. V.W. Johnson is now with the Blotechnology Laboratory, Research Centre, Gujarat State Fertillizers Company Ltd, Baroda 391 750, India. M. Singh was with the Applied Biology Laboratory, Research Centre, Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd, Baroda 391 345, India, and is now with Pfizer Limited, 178, Industrial Area, Chandigarh 160 002, India.     

Plant morphophysiological and anatomical factors associated with nitrous oxide flux from wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Experiments were conducted to study the dynamics of nitrous oxide (N?O) emission from wheat varieties viz., Sonalika, HUW 468, HUW 234 and DBW 14 grown in alluvial soils of North Bank Plain Agroclimatic Zone of Assam, India. Attempts were made to find out the relationship of N?O emission with plant morphophysiological, anatomical and soil properties. N?O fluxes from wheat varieties ranged from 40 μg N?O-N m?2 h?1 to 295 μg N?O-N m?2 h?1. Soil organic carbon and soil temperature have shown significant relationship with N?O flux. The rate of leaf transpiration recorded from the wheat varieties at different growth stages exhibited a positive correlation with N?O emission suggesting that movement of N?O along with the transpirational water flow may be an important mechanism of N?O transport and emission through wheat plants. Anatomical investigation by scanning electron microscope revealed that N?O emission has relationship with stomatal frequency of leaf and leaf sheaths. Variety HUW 234 with the highest stomatal frequency of leaf and leaf sheath also recorded higher seasonal N?O emission compared to other varieties. Seasonal N?O emission (E(sif)) of the varieties ranged from 3.25 to 3.81 kg N?O-N ha?1. Significant variations in E(sif) values were recorded within the varieties.     

Oldest camarasauromorph sauropod (Dinosauria) discovered in the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) of the Khadir Island, Kachchh, western India

Fragmentary isolated remains of large (up to 20 m or more) sauropods from the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) Khadir Formation of Khadir Island (Kachchh, W India) are described and compared in detail. Three of the bone fragments (a metacarpal, a first pedal claw and a fibula) can be assigned with confidence to the Camarasauromorpha and represent the oldest known record of that derived dinosaur group. The new finds from western India further close a temporal and geographical gap in our knowledge of sauropods and contribute to understanding their early phylogeny.      

Manglietia lawii sp. nov. (Magnoliaceae) from Yunnan, China

Manglietia lawii N. H. Xia & W. F. Liao, a new species of Manglietia from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is closely related to M. forrestii W. W. Smith, but differs by having villous gynoecium and glabrous tepals.     

A New Species of Polystichum Roth from N. Burma and S. W. China

Polystichum adungense ching et Fraser-Jenkins is described as new from N. Burma and S. W. China     

缅甸北部及中国西南部耳蕨一新种

阿当耳蕨 新种 图1 Polystichum adungense Ching et Fraser-Jenkins sp. nov. in sched. Species affinis P. rhomboidei Ching, sed pinnis herbaceis, utrinque paleis fibrosis dif-fert. Tota planta 12—14 cm. alta. Rhizoma erectum, paleis brunneis, lanceolatis obtectum.     

Revision of the genus Psix Kozlov & Lê (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

The genus Psix Kozlov & Lê (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is revised from a worldwide perspective. Twelve species are described as new: annulatus [Cameroon], asper [Uganda], aulax [Australia], confluus [Sri Lanka], flavicoxa [Ivory Coast, Zimbabwe], fusm [Australia], lacunatus [Pakistan east to Taiwan, south to Australia], metopa [Australia], rasilis [Ivory Coast, Gambia], sulcifer [Malaysia], viriosus [India east to Philippine Is.] and watshami [E. Africa, Madagascar] . Psix abnormis Kozlov & Lê [W. Africa east to at least India], glabris-crobus (Girault) nxomb. [Australia], olympus (Dodd) n.comb. [Australia], saccharicola (Mani) n.comb. [India], striaticeps (Dodd) n.comb. [W. Africa east to India, Madagascar] and tunetanus (Mineo and Szabó) n.comb. [Tunisia, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Saudi Arabia, S.W. Nearctic, Venezuela] are redescribed. An identification key for the species of Psix is presented. The relationships among species are discussed. The earliest derived species are generally found in Australia and southeast Asia. The more apomorphic species occur generally in Africa, southwest Asia and India. The distribution of Psix tunetanus has possibly been influenced by man. Details of the relationship with Trissolcus and Archi-phanurus are unclear; the position of Psix within the subfamily is therefore also obscure.     

Plant diversity in four chalk grassland sites with different aspects

Plant diversity and its components was studied on four chalk grassland sites in southeast England over a fourteen-month period. The sites were almost adjacent, and each faced one of the major compass points, N, S, E and W. Aboveground vegetation was recorded at monthly intervals by cover repetition, using a point quadrat technique. Seasonal patterns in the development of leaf area, bare ground, number of species present and diversity were similar on all sites. The N and W facing slopes and the S and E facing slopes resembled each other in several characteristics, while these two pairs of slopes differed markedly from each other. Thus, (i) there were more grasses but fewer forbs on the N and W slopes, (ii) overall diversity and forb diversity were lower on the N and W slopes but grass diversity was higher, (iii) equitability was lower on the N and W slopes, (iv) percentage similarity of begetation present was high when the N slope was compared with the W and when the S slope was compared with the E; other comparisons gave lower percentage similarity. It is proposed that the greater abundance of Carex flacca on the N and W slopes is important in causing these differences, and that it results in lower diversity on these slopes by occupying part of the habitat of the species-rich forb community which occurs on the S and E slopes. Dominance-diversity curves range from lognormal to geometric in form; some interpretation of changes they display can be made by assuming that the community is in a non-equilibrium state caused by seasonal environmental fluctuations each winter.     

Novelities of Asteraceae

Seven new taxa, including one new section, three new species and three new varieties, are described; one new name, Ligularia pojarkovana S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, and one new combination, Ligularia liatroides (C. Winkl.) Hand.-Mazz. var. shifangensis (G. H. Chen et W. J. Zhang) S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho are made; five species are mentioned as new records. The seven new taxa are Youngia sect. Cyanoglossa S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Youngia zhenduoi S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Y. cyanea S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Mulgedium qinghaicum S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Cremanthodium campanulatum (Franch.) Diels var. flavidum S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Ligularia amplexicaulis DC. var. nepalensis S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, and L. paradoxa Hand. Mazz. var.palmatifida S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho.     

菊科新资料

记述了菊科6个属的一些新分类群和新分布,包含1个新组、3个新种、3个新变种、1个新名称、1个新组合和5个种的新记录。这些新分类群是黄鹌菜属蓝舌组、振铎黄鹌菜、蓝花黄鹌菜、青海乳苣、黄苞垂头菊、尼泊尔橐吾和半裂橐吾。     

On two new species of earwig (Dermaptera) and a new record of Diplatys chinensis Hincks from India

Based on a collection of earwigs from Simla hills (Himachal Pradesh) and Kashmir, two new species, namely Diplatys srivastavai and Forficula meenae have been described and Diplatys chinensis Hincks is recorded from India for the first time.     

A description of seven Antarctic marine gymnamoebae including a new subspecies, two new species and a new genus: Neoparamoeba aestuarina antarctica n. subsp., Platyamoeba oblongata n. sp., Platyamoeba contorta n. sp. and Vermistella antarctica n. gen. n. sp

Seven marine gymnamoebae were isolated from different environments of seawater, slush (pack ice meltwater), and sediment in the Ross Sea area of Antarctica. All amoebae were isolated and maintained at temperatures below 4 degrees C. Growth, rate of locomotion, and general morphology were observed at an environmentally appropriate temperature (1 degrees C) and at room temperature (approximately 25 degrees C). Molecular (srDNA sequences) and microscopical techniques were used to identify the gymnamoebae and establish their phylogenetic affinities. Three isolates (S-131-2, SL-200, and W4-3) were assigned to a psychrophilic subspecies of Neoparamoeba aestuarina, N. aestuarina antarctica n. subsp., one isolate (S-205) was assigned to a new species of Platyamoeba, P. oblongata n. sp., two isolates (W51C#4 & W51C#5) were also assigned to a new species of Platyamoeba, P. contorta n. sp., and one isolate (S-241) was a novel psychrophilic gymnamoeba Vermistella antarctica n. gen. n. sp. Molecular and morphological results revealed that V. antarctica was not related to any described family of gymnamoebae. Strains S-205, W51C#4, and W51C#5 were capable of locomotion at room temperature, while strains SL-200, S-131-2, W4-3, and S-241 exhibited locomotion only below approximately 10 degrees C. Our results imply that the Antarctic environment is host both to cosmopolitan gymnamoebae that have acquired adaptations for existence at low environmental temperature and to apparently novel psychrophilic amoebae described here for the first time.