一类中立型时滞Lotka-Volterra系统的稳定性和振动性

、引言著名的Lotka－Volterra系统是研究有限空间内种群相互作用的重要工具之一．高维Lotka－Volterra系统的稳定性和振动性的研究，不仅具有理论意义，从应用的观点来看也是重要的．正如文献【3】所指出的：高维Lotka－Volterra系统在生态、经济、化学反应、医学等方面有着广泛的应用从而受到国内外众多学者的重视并发表了不少文献（4-6），但是对Lotka－Volterra系统的各种类型仍有待进一步的研究”。系统（E）的特别情形是文献【3】研究了两类不带时滞Lotka－Volterra系统的解的稳定性。种群相互作用的理论认为需要考虑每个种群对另…     

区间多种群Volterra生态系统的全局稳定性

讨论了区间多种群Volterra生态系统正平衡点的全局渐近稳定性,对于互惠型区间多种群Volterra生态系统不仅给出了正平衡点的全局稳定的充分必要条件,而且给出了系统存在平衡点的充分条件,对于一般的区间多种群Volterra生态系统给出了正平衡点全局稳定的充分条件。     

一个稀疏效应下的Volterra系统的极限环

应用数学生态学和微分方程定性理论,讨论了一个稀疏效应下的Volterra系统,在给定参数满足一定的条件下,证明了该系统极限环的存在性和唯一性,以及该系统的正平衡点全局渐近稳定。     

常系数Volterra生物数学模型的解析解

Volterra生物数学模型是一个具有广泛应用价值的模型,但是至今没有得到解析解,这在一定程度上限制了Volterra模型的应用.事实上,Volterra模型解析解是可以采用初等积分法求得的.模型的解是一个标准的三次方程.     

两种群都具有常数收获率(或存放率)的Volterra系统的极限环的存在性与唯一性问题

本文研究了两种群都具有常数收获率（或存放率）的Volterra系统的极限环的存在性与唯一性问题，并且得出了该系统至多存在一个极限环的结论和相应的一些结果.     

中立型时滞Volterra系统解的稳定性

本文研究中立型时滞Volterra系统解的渐近稳定性，得到系统的正常数平衡点为渐近稳定的充分条件，发展了文献〔6〕的结果，回答了文献〔7〕所留下的一个未解决问题．     

环境污染中三维时变Volterra捕食-被捕食系统的持续生存

对环境容量很大且被污染的三种群时变系统进行了研究,给出了三维时变Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ捕食－被捕食系统弱平均持续生存与绝灭的充分条件。     

时变Kolmogorov系统的调和解研究

我们采用了反射函数法研究了时变Kolmogorov系统调和解的性态.给出了该系统为以某函数为反射函数的简单微分系统时,其反射函数的结构形式,以及给出了该系统具有一些反射函数的充分条件,并应用所得结论讨论了时变Kolmogorov系统解的定性性态.     

密度制约竞争二种群Volterra方程解的有界性及参数估计

本文给出密度制约且相互竞争二种群Volterra方程解的一种有界性及存在唯一性的证明。基于此,参考单种群Logistic方程反问题的方法”,给出了该Volterra方程参数的一种估计。     

自治系统持久性的充分判别准则

本文利用Liapunov直接法的基本思想方法，讨论了自治系统的持久性，得到了其强持久和永久共存的充分判别准则及比较定理，并用上述结果讨论了Volterra模型的持久性，推广了文〔1〕的结果．     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418     

Individual variability in the structure of the walls of the principal trunks of the subcutaneous veins of the lower extremities of the human fetus

Certain regional peculiarities are noted in the development process of the human principle trunks of the subcutaneous veins during antenatal period. In the fetuses of all ages the wall thickness of the subcutaneous veins is the greatest in the femur, and the middle tunic is better developed in the shin. The vein structure depends on the type of architectonics: at the magistral type (86%) the walls in the large and minor subcutaneous veins are thick with well developed smooth myocytes and connective tissue fibers; at the reticulate type (14%) the walls are thin, their elements are poorly developed. When there is mentioned varicosity of the lower extremity veins in the parents' anamnesis, in fetuses (57%) all the tunics in the venous wall develop more poorly, there is retardation in formation of smooth myocytes and in maturation of collagen fibers. This results in less amount of contractile structures in the middle tunic and optic density of collagen is less manifected.     

Dissymmetry of the origins of the roots of the spinal cord in the dog

The spinal cord in 25 non-inbred dogs has been studied macro-microscopically. The dissymmetry in the arrangement level in the right and left root bases on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord is much greater than on the ventral surface. The same as in the human being, the dissymmetry is the greatest in the thoracic part (as compared to other spinal parts). On the ventral surface of the spinal cord both along the anterior and posterior margin of the root bases, there is a right-sided dissymmetry (with cranial shift); on the dorsal surface it is present only at the roots along the posterior margin. The dissymmetry of the dog spinal cord is quantitatively estimated along its whole extension.     

Topography of the contours of the inner surface of the wall of the left ventricle of the heart in systole

Chosen at random 38 diastolic preparations of human hearts from persons having not any cardiac pathology, as demonstrate the postmortem examination, have been investigated. The left ventricle casts have been made during the first 24 hours after death according to a strictly fixed technique by means of filling the cardiac chambers with polymere mass--protacryl--under a physiological pressure of the diastolic filling. The trabecules are arranged as a spiral from the apex of the ventricle up to the atrioventricular fibrous ring, with approaching the apex the spiral step increases and the trabecules straighten. The left ventricle cast is devided into some planes, the envelopes and the trabecularity lines are measured. Average values of the shift in the trabecularity lines I, II, III and in the cross sections B, C, D, E are defined in relation to the plane A and in every case in relation to the previous plane Cn-1. The data obtained are presented in tables and diagrams. The greatest shift demonstrate the trabecularity lines I running predominantly along the posterior wall of the left ventricle in the planes B and which are situated nearer to the atrioventricular ring projection. Owing to the presence of the spiral-shaped course of the trabecules, it is possible to suppose that it influences the blood stream twisting clockwise in the left ventricle during the diastole phase. This indicates the necessity to work out some new constructions of artificial cardiac valves, securing the twisted blood stream. The condition mentioned should be taken into consideration while making prostheses of the cardiac valves.     

Effect of the Cerebral Tryptaminergic System on the Turnover of Dopamine in the Striatum of the Rat

The effect of the cerebral 5-hydroxytryptamine system on the turnover of striatal 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-ethylamine (dopamine) was investigated by measuring the level of dopamine and one of its metabolites in rats depleted of cerebral 5-hydroxytryptamine or treated with a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor blocker. Treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine induced, in addition to a reduction in striatal 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindol-3-ylacetic acid, an increase in the striatal concentration of dopamine, a diminution in the concentration of homovanillic acid in the same cerebral area, and a reduction in the rise of this acid after the administration of a butyrophenone derivative or tetrabenazine. Treatment with methysergide also reduced the increase of homovanillic acid induced by the butyrophenone. When probenecid was given to rats treated with p-chlorophenylalanine, homovanillic acid failed to accumulate, whereas the accumulation of 5-hydroxyindol-3-ylacetic acid was unaffected. The decay of dopamine after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine administration was normal for the first 6 h but was later reduced in rats given p-chlorophenylalanine or methysergide. The results suggest that the lack of activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors leads to a reduction in the turnover of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway.     

Drainage of the prelymphatics of the brain via the adventitia of the vertebral artery

Carbon particles injected into the cortex of the cerebellum of the rat were found in the Virchow-Robin spaces of the adjacent capillaries, and in the adventitia of the cerebellar artery, basilar artery and vertebral artery--both inside and outside the skull. They were also found in some portions of the deeper cervical lymph nodes. However, while tracers injected into the cerebral hemispheres are drained via the tissue channels in the adventitia of the internal carotid arteries, tracers injected into the cerebellar hemispheres are drained via those of the vertebral arteries.     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

Interrelationship of the mediator receptors in the terminals of the afferent nerves of the cornea of the eye]

In local application of substances with a mediator action (adrenaline, acetylcholine, histamine) and blockers of specific receptors (dihydroergotoxin, inderal, atropine and of subcutaneous dimedrol) together with dicaine it was possible to reveal a distinct presence in the cornea of the eye of the mediator receptors capable of influencing one another. Pharmacological analysis permitted a supposition to be made that there were two receptor systems in the sensory nerve endings of the cornea; these systems were in reciprocal inhibitory relations; due to this their regular influence on the processes of excitation and inhibition is effected in the sensory nerve ending.