养殖泥螺体内细菌菌群组成及分析*

养殖泥螺样品体内需氧平板菌落数为 7 3× 1 0 5～ 2 8× 1 0 6 个 /g。从泥螺体内共分离获得 2 1 7株细菌 ,88 5 %是革兰氏阴性杆菌。优势菌属是肠杆菌科 (Enterobacteriaceae) 61株、气单胞菌属 (Aeromonas) 58株、弧菌属 (Vibrio) 2 7株和假单胞菌属 (Pseudomonas) 2 1株。结果表明 ,每批泥螺样品的细菌总数均超出卫生标准 1～ 2个数量级 ,7月和 9月样品的大肠     

嗜肺巴氏杆菌蛋白及抗原图谱初步分析

对不同来源的 1 1株嗜肺巴氏杆菌进行了全菌可溶性蛋白及抗原图谱分析。使用SDS -聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS -PAGE) ,梯度凝胶电泳结果显示 ,嗜肺巴氏杆菌蛋白主要分布于相对分子质量 ( 1 4 4～ 97 4)× 1 0 3,且带型基本一致。 6株菌与参考菌株有完全相同的蛋白带 ,另外 5株则缺乏 40× 1 0 3带。分别用嗜肺巴氏杆菌免疫血清和自然感染嗜肺巴氏杆菌小鼠血清对 1 1株菌进行了免疫印迹 (Westernblots)试验。与免疫小鼠血清的反应显示 ,1 1株受试菌主要有相对分子质量大约 ( 1 7、31 )× 1 0 3两条反应带 ;在与自然感染血清的反应中主要的反应带在 1 7× 1 0 3处 ,缺乏 40× 1 0 3蛋白的 5株菌有 31× 1 0 3反应带 ,其余 7株均有大约 ( 2 0、2 8)× 1 0 3的反应带 ,故可以认为该菌主要抗原大约为 ( 1 7、31 )× 1 0 3;1 0个流行株根据 40× 1 0 3蛋白和 ( 2 0、2 8)× 1 0 3抗原的有无可被分为两型。本研究为精制血清学方法的诊断抗原 ,以及将SDS -PAGE和Westernblot法用于嗜肺巴氏杆菌检测奠定了基础。     

两种有鳞类爬行动物消化道微生物的研究

从北草蜥的胃、小肠和大肠中分离出 7个属 8种细菌和 2个属的霉菌 ,从中国石龙子的胃、小肠和大肠中分离到 6个属 7种细菌和 3个属的霉菌 ,酵母菌和放线菌都未发现。北草蜥胃、小肠和大肠中的细菌数量分别为 2 2 7× 1 0 6,2 0 6× 1 0 6和 9 78× 1 0 8个 / g ;霉菌数量为 2 5× 1 0 4 ,2 1 5× 1 0 4 ,1 33× 1 0 4个 /g。细菌在中国石龙子胃、小肠和大肠中的数量分布依次为 3 51× 1 0 6,2 2 5× 1 0 6,1 4 2× 1 0 9个 /g;霉菌分布数量为 2 1 9× 1 0 4 ,1 67× 1 0 4 和 1 61× 1 0 4 个 / g     

养殖大黄鱼细菌茵群分离鉴定与分析

对新鲜大黄鱼感官、化学、微生物品质和细菌菌群组成进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,细菌总数为5．51±0．25log10cfu／g,挥发性盐基氮为7．84±2．25mg／100g。分离获得279株细菌,84．2％是革兰氏阴性菌,少量革兰氏阳性菌被检出(6．1％)。优势菌群是肠杆菌科(14．7％)、气单胞菌属(12．5％)、不动杆菌属(11．5％)、摩氏杆菌属(11．1％),并出现了一定比例的假单胞菌属、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和其他细菌。肠杆菌科出现较多,表明大黄鱼细菌污染主要来自养殖海区,受非原有菌污染较重,应引起重视。     

降雨对秦皇岛西浴场细菌总数和可培养菌群组成的影响

【目的】研究降雨条件对浴场细菌总数和优势菌群组成的影响。【方法】2014年8月强降雨前后采集秦皇岛西浴场3个站位的海水样品,采用荧光显微镜计数法和平板计数法分别对细菌总数和可培养细菌总数进行计数;对群落结构组成进行分析,并对可培养细菌进行鉴定。【结果】雨前3个站位细菌总数和可培养细菌总数平均值分别为5.6×10~9 CFU/L和8.3×10~7 CFU/L,雨后分别为9.2×109 CFU/L和2.1×10~8 CFU/L。在可培养菌群中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria,雨前占80%,雨后占73%)是主要的微生物类群,其次为拟杆菌门(Bacteroides,雨前占12%,雨后占13%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,雨前占7%,雨后占11%)等;肠杆菌属(Enterobacter spp.,21株)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter spp.,13株)、弓形菌属(Arcobacter spp.,13株)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas spp.,10株)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus spp.,10株)和弧菌属(Vibrio spp.,6株)为雨前可培养细菌优势属,而雨后可培养细菌优势属为肠杆菌属(22株)、海杆菌属(21株)、芽孢杆菌属(14株)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter spp.,11株)、假单胞菌属(9株)和弓形菌属(5株)等。【结论】降雨对细菌总数有显著的影响,同时降雨后浴场微生物群落结构发生了改变。     

青海高原降解纤维素微生物的调查、分离、鉴定

从青海高原林区分离筛选 3 0 0余株分解纤维素的细菌及 3 1株降解纤维素的真菌。测定纤维素分解菌含量土样为 2 6× 1 0 5 g。对纤维素酶水解圈较大的 1 1株真菌 ,根据其滤纸酶活筛选出一株分离自互助北山森林的高产纤维素酶的真菌No 0 1 43菌株 ,根据其形态学及培养特征鉴定为康氏木霉 (TrichodermakoningiiQudem) ,该菌湿固体发酵物含滤纸酶活力(FPA)为 1 5u g。该菌无毒副作用 ,可用于饲料业     

块菌(松露)宿主可培养内生菌群落结构与多样性研究

探究四川凉山彝族自治州块菌主产区华山松内生菌群的结构及多样性。在会东县选取4个点(新田乡、新云乡、淌塘镇、雪山乡)的块菌宿主华山松的根、茎、叶为实验材料,通过不同培养基分离样品根、茎、叶的内生细菌、真菌、放线菌,DNA分子鉴定分离菌株的种属,最终分离得到细菌46株,其中欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)5株,沙门氏菌属(Salmonell)1株,杆菌属(Bacillus)22株,葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)2株,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)2株,类芽胞杆菌属(Paenibacillus)2株,布丘氏菌属(Buttiauxella)2株,肠杆菌属(Enterobacte)3株,爱文氏菌属(Ewingella)1株,泛菌属(Rahnella)1株,拉恩氏菌属(Rahnella Izard)2株,其他属3株;真菌19株,均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota),其中青霉属(Penicillium)4株,疱霉属(Phoma)1株,子囊菌门未知菌1株,篮状菌属(Cladosporium)1株,分枝孢子菌属(Sydowia)1株,曲霉属(Aspergillus)1株,其他属10株;放线菌33株,为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)22株,短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium)2株,短杆菌属(Brevibacterium)1株,其他属8株。研究结果表明,来自不同地点、不同植株部位、不同培养基分离得到的块菌宿主华山松内生菌有差异,证实微生物在土壤、块菌、宿主植物之间有着复杂的相互作用,为块菌的人工栽培提供参考。     

泥螺养殖滩涂异养菌群和弧菌的检测

1　引　　言泥螺 (Ｂｕｌｌａｃｔａｅｘａｒａｔａ)隶属腹足纲软体动物 ,肉质鲜嫩、营养丰富 ,是浙江沿海重要的滩涂养殖品种 .至 2 0 0 0年浙江省养殖面积已达 1.13× 10 4ｈｍ2 ,由于实行生态养殖 ,本轻利厚 ,广受养农的青睐 .随着泥螺养殖生产的发展 ,养殖业的自身污染和陆源排污水的大量入海 ,养殖生态环境越趋恶化 ,使生物病原大量滋生 ,自 1995年以来常诱发养殖泥螺的暴发性死亡 .有关海洋滩涂环境细菌的研究至今未见报道 .为探明泥螺养殖周期内暴发性死亡与滩涂环境的关系 ,对养殖滩涂的细菌菌群组成及其生态特性进行了检测分析 .2…     

乙型脑炎SA14-14-2减毒株灭活与不灭活以及P3株死疫苗在小鼠体内的免疫原性比较

将乙型脑炎SA14 14 2减毒株 (简称 14 2株 )病毒液和灭活 14 2株病毒液皮下和腹腔免疫小白鼠 ,P3株死苗作对照 ,测免疫效价 ,结果 14 2株病毒液的效力为 1 8× 10 -5～ 6 .1× 10 -6ID50 /ml,灭活 14 2株病毒液为 9 9× 10 -1～ 7 2× 10 -3 ID50 /ml,P3株死苗为 4 0× 10 -3 ～ 2 2× 10 -4 ID50 /ml。同时免后 14天采血用PRNT法测抗体 ,结果为 14 2株病毒液 1∶2 (皮下和腹腔 ) ;灭活 14 2株病毒液 <1∶2 ,P3株死苗为皮下 1∶2、腹腔 1∶10。结果表明 :14 2株在小白鼠体内的免疫原性远远高于灭活 14 2株病毒液和P3株死疫苗 ,14 2株经灭活后对小白鼠基本无保护作用。 14 2株抗体水平不高 ,而免疫力远高于P3株死苗 ,说明 14 2株与P3株死疫苗免疫性质不同 ,有细胞免疫参与。     

养殖大黄鱼细菌菌群分离鉴定与分析*

对新鲜大黄鱼感官、化学、微生物品质和细菌菌群组成进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,细菌总数为5．51±0．25log10cfu／g,挥发性盐基氮为7．84±2．25mg／100g。分离获得279株细菌,84．2％是革兰氏阴性菌,少量革兰氏阳性菌被检出(6．1％)。优势菌群是肠杆菌科(14．7％)、气单胞菌属(12．5％)、不动杆菌属(11．5％)、摩氏杆菌属(11．1％),并出现了一定比例的假单胞菌属、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和其他细菌。肠杆菌科出现较多,表明大黄鱼细菌污染主要来自养殖海区,受非原有菌污染较重,应引起重视。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.