沙棘籽渣水提物对正常和糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

本文研究了沙棘籽渣水提物(Aqueous extract of seabuckthorn seed residues,ASSR)对正常及糖尿病小鼠血糖、血脂代谢的影响。首先采用ASSR灌胃昆明种小鼠的急性毒性试验评价了ASSR的安全性;继而以250mg/kg和500 mg/kg剂量的ASSR连续灌胃正常小鼠3周;以250、500和800 mg/kg剂量的ASSR连续灌胃Al-loxan诱导的糖尿病小鼠3周,监测血糖,测定体重、血清胰岛素、总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平。结果显示:ASSR的LD50大于9.8 g/kg体重;连续给药3周,ASSR对正常小鼠的血糖和血脂代谢没有明显影响,但能明显降低糖尿病小鼠的血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯水平。上述结果表明:ASSR的LD50大于5 g/kg体重,按WHO急性毒性分级标准属于实际无毒级,其在实验性1型糖尿病小鼠模型上具有降血糖和降甘油三酯活性。     

玉米胚SOD提取物对糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂及血清氧化应激状态的影响

目的:探讨玉米胚SOD提取物对于糖尿病大鼠血糖及主要脏器抗氧化能力的影响.方法:成年雄性Wistar大鼠36只,随机分为以下6组:1)正常对照组;2)糖尿病模型组:腹腔注射四氧嘧啶175mg/kg,连续两天;3)二甲基双胍对照组:糖尿病模型+灌服10mg/kg盐酸二甲基双胍;4)SOD高剂量组:糖尿病模型+灌服0.3gSOD提取物;5)SOD中剂量组:糖尿病模型+灌服0.18g SOD提取物;6)SOD低剂量组:糖尿病模型+灌服0.06g SOD提取物.连续3周,动态监测血糖,血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯.45天后处死动物,提取血清,采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量;DTNB法测定还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量;黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力.结果:不同剂量的玉米胚SOD提取物对四氧嘧啶所致高血糖模型大鼠具有明显的降低血糖作用,可降低血清中总胆固醇和甘油三酯.并使血清MDA水平降低,抗氧化物质GSH含量增加,SOD活力升高.结论:玉米胚SOD提取物具有一定的降低血糖、血脂功效,可能与增加机体抗氧化能力有关.     

南瓜多糖的降血脂作用研究

研究了南瓜多糖对正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶型糖尿病小鼠血脂的影响.对正常小鼠灌胃高低两个剂量(200、400mg/kg)的南瓜多糖水溶液;对建模成功的小鼠随机分为模型对照组、南瓜多糖组(400mg/kg的PP)和优降糖组(15mg/kg的优降糖),灌胃给药.对两种类型小鼠的处理均设立正常对照组,给予等体积的生理盐水,测定小鼠的TC、 TG、 LDL-C、 HDL-C的含量.结果表明高剂量的南瓜多糖对正常小鼠的降血脂效果优于低剂量;南瓜多糖使糖尿病小鼠的TC、 TG、 LDL-C显著降低,HDL-C极显著升高;并且南瓜多糖的降血脂效果与优降糖相比无显著差异.     

蛴螬肽提取物对铅致小鼠肾中毒的解毒保护作用机制研究

目的 本实验通过构建醋酸铅致小鼠肾中毒模型,探讨蛴螬肽提取物对小鼠的解毒保护作用机制,为机体铅性肾病的防治提供试验依据。方法 随机取小鼠分为对照组、模型组、阳性药组以及不同剂量蛴螬肽组(80、160、320 mg/kg),除对照组外所有组小鼠隔天腹腔注射醋酸铅20 mg/kg,连续15 d。此时对照组和模型组小鼠同时灌服生理盐水而阳性药组小鼠灌服二巯基丁二酸(DMSA 70 mg/kg)混悬液,蛴螬肽组小鼠灌服不同剂量蛴螬肽提取物,每天1次连续15 d,采用HE染色显微镜观察肾组织状态;检测肾功能指标(BUN、Cr)和肾组织中抗氧化酶水平(SOD、GSH-Px)及过氧化物(MDA)含量;RT-PCR、Western Blot技术检测分析Ⅱ相解毒酶(NQO1)、抗氧化酶(HO-1)和信号分子(Nrf2)基因和蛋白表达水平。结果 蛴螬肽组与模型组小鼠相比,体重增加但低于对照组,肾组织形态显著改善,血清中BUN、Cr水平显著降低(P<0.05),肾组织中抗氧化酶(SOD、GSH-Px)水平显著提高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著减少,Ⅱ相解毒酶基因(NQO1)、抗氧化酶(HO-1...     

桦褐孔菌与松口蘑菌粉降血糖作用的研究

为评价桦褐孔菌和松口蘑发酵菌粉的降血糖作用,本文观察了经不同浓度桦褐孔菌和松口蘑菌粉溶液灌胃后,小鼠正常血糖、给予葡萄糖小鼠以及四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖的变化.结果表明:桦褐孔菌、松口蘑菌粉溶液(500、1000 mg/kg)对小鼠正常血糖值、正常小鼠糖耐量没有明显影响(P>0.05);对于糖尿病小鼠血糖,桦褐孔菌低剂量组(500 mg/kg)和桦褐孔菌高剂量组(1000 mg/kg)的降糖效果较为明显(P<0.01),用药前与用药后第21 d的血糖值分别为(14.94±1.85)、(10.43±2.22)和(14.89±1.65)、(10.17±2.14) mmol/L,降糖率分别为30.23% 和31.7%.桦褐孔菌和松口蘑菌粉对于小鼠正常血糖、正常小鼠糖耐量无明显影响,对于四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠具有一定的降血糖效果.     

芒果苷对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用研究

本研究以二甲双胍为阳性对照,观察芒果苷(12.5、25.0、50.0 mg/kg)灌胃给药4周,对四氧嘧啶性糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的影响。实验结果表明芒果苷(25.0、50.0 mg/kg)灌胃给药后显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖、血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平,增加小鼠肌、肝糖原含量,但对糖尿病小鼠血清胰岛素水平没有影响;组织病理学检查结果表明芒果苷对糖尿病小鼠胰岛和β细胞的数量无明显改善,提示芒果苷灌胃给药对四氧嘧啶性糖尿病小鼠有降血糖作用,其降糖作用可能与促进肌、肝糖原的合成,增加机体对葡萄糖的利用有关,对糖尿病小鼠的脂代谢紊乱也有一定改善作用。     

5种药用植物对小鼠的降血糖作用

对菊叶三七(GnuradivaricatiumO.Hoffm.)、仙鹤草(AgrimoniapilosaLedeb.)、夏枯草(PrunellavulgarisL.)、女贞子(LigustrumlucidumAit.)和枸骨(IlexcornutaLindl.etPaxt.)的降糖作用进行了初步的研究。菊叶三七鲜样的水提物(0.2和0.4g kg)及95%乙醇提取物(0.2和0.4g kg)对正常小鼠的血糖有显著的降低作用,干样95%乙醇提取物(0.5、1.0和2.0g kg)对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的血糖有显著的降低作用,其中鲜样95%乙醇提取物(0 4g kg)的降糖作用优于优降糖,干样95%乙醇提取物(2.0g kg)的降糖作用与降糖灵(0.1g kg)相当。仙鹤草的水煎液(30和60g kg)对正常小鼠的血糖有显著的降低作用,95%乙醇提取物(30、60和120g kg)对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的血糖均有一定的降低作用。夏枯草的95%乙醇提取物(30、60和120g kg)和女贞子的95%乙醇提取物(11.25和22.50g kg)对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的血糖均有一定的降低作用。枸骨的正丁醇提取物(30和60g kg)对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠和正常小鼠的血糖均没有影响。实验结果表明,菊叶三七是一种值得开发的降糖植物资源。     

褐蘑菇提取物对四氧嘧啶型糖尿病小鼠降血糖活性研究

本文通过对褐蘑菇提取物的降血糖作用研究,旨在开发降血糖药物新资源.试验数据显示褐蘑菇提取物能显著降低四氧嘧啶所制备的糖尿病小鼠血糖浓度.褐蘑菇提取物高、中、低剂量组对糖尿病小鼠的降糖率分别是16.9%,20.2%和15.1%.阳性对照组的降糖率是25.1%.褐蘑菇提取物中剂量组降糖效果要优于高、低剂量组.     

葡萄籽原花青素提取物对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

为了研究葡萄籽原花青素提取物(Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extracts,GSPE)对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用及其机制,本文中采用腹腔注射四氧嘧啶(ALX)构建糖尿病动物模型.造模成功后,将糖尿病小鼠分为模型对照组、格列本脲处理组、葡萄籽原花青素提取物低、中、高三个剂量(50、100、150 mg/kg)处理组,另设正常对照组.连续灌胃给药21天,每天一次,以糖尿病小鼠的体重、血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性胰岛素水平、空腹血糖值和糖耐量为测定指标,研究不同剂量葡萄籽原花青素提取物对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用及机制.结果显示原花青素高剂量组能促进体重增长,显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平和糖耐量(P＜0.01);同时降低糖尿病小鼠血清MDA水平,提高其SOD活性.通过本实验研究可以看出葡萄籽原花青素提取物具有较强的降血糖作用,降糖机制可能与其提高胰岛素水平和抗氧化能力有关.     

十两茶水提物降糖作用及机制研究

探讨了湖南安化黑茶的主要品种十两茶水提物的降糖作用及机制.选用6～8周龄db/db自发性糖尿病模型小鼠,每日灌胃给予3个不同剂量的十两茶水提物(100、200、400 mg/kg),连续28 d.每周测定空腹血糖值,实验结束时检测糖耐量和胰岛素水平.研究结果显示,十两茶水提物400 mg/kg给药28 d就能显著降低db/db糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖和改善其对葡萄糖耐受能力.同时,十两茶水提物能显著降低db/db糖尿病小鼠血清胰岛素水平,增加葡萄糖耐量试验胰岛素的释放.结果显示十两茶水提物对2型糖尿病小鼠具有很好的降糖作用,其作用机制与增加胰岛素敏感性有关.     

Anti-hyperglycemic activity of an aqueous extract from flower buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr and Perry

A screening of 5 plants used for making drinks in Vietnam revealed a Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr and Perry flower bud extract to have the highest inhibitory activity against the alpha-glucosidase enzyme. The anti-hyperglycemic effects of an aqueous extract from flower buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus (CO), a commonly used material for drink preparation in Vietnam, were therefore investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the CO extract inhibited the rat-intestinal maltase and sucrase activities, with IC50 values of 0.70 and 0.47 mg/ml, respectively. These values are lower than those for a guava leaf extract (GE; IC50 0.97 and 1.28 mg/ml, respectively). Postprandial blood glucose testing of normal mice and STZ-induced diabetic rats by maltose loading (2 g/kg body weight (bw)) showed that the blood glucose reduction with CO (500 mg/kg bw) was slightly less than that with acarbose (25 mg/kg bw) but was more potent than that with GE (500 mg/kg bw). In an 8-week experiment, the blood glucose level of STZ diabetic rats treated with 500 mg of CO/kg bw/day was markedly decreased in comparison with that of non-treated diabetic rats. Consequently, CO is considered to be a promising material for preventing and treating diabetes.     

富肌醇南瓜种质资源的创新与利用

采用杂交、回交与定向自交系统选育方法,借助高效液相色谱检测技术,创新育成一批富肌醇南瓜新种质,并利用杂种优势技术,育成富肌醇南瓜新品种一串红。经检测,一串红的肌醇含量达661mg/100g,比普通南瓜品种高出120%以上;多糖含量达45.8mg/g,比普通南瓜品种高出30%以上;葡萄糖含量小于50mg/g,且鲜食品质好,兼具丰产、抗病等优良性状,春秋两季均可栽培,适合糖尿病、高血压、高血脂等人群作为日常食疗保健食品。     

Effect of Methanolic extract of Musa sapientum leaves on Gastrointestinal Transit time in Normal and Alloxan induced Diabetic rats: Possible Mechanism of Action

Disorders of gastrointestinal motility have been associated with Diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycaemia particularly has been reported to inhibit gastrointestinal transit time while glibenclamide, a sulphonylurea and insulin, both increased transit time. Musa sapientum has also been reported as an antidiabetic agent but there is dearth of information on the effect of this plant on gastrointestinal motility. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the effect of methanolic extract of Musa sapientum leaves (MEMSL) on Gastrointestinal Transit time (GITT) in male albino rats with and without hyperglycaemia and to elucidate possible mechanism by which this extract functions. Fifty five albino rats were divided into 11 groups of five animals each. All animals were fasted for 24hrs before the begining of the experiment. Group 1 served as control; while the remaining groups (2 - 11) were treated with 250mg/kg; 500mg/kg MEMSL; diabetic control; diabetic treated with 250mg/kg; 500mg/kg MEMSL; diabetic treated with glibenclamide (5mg/kg); normal rats treated with Nifedipine (50mg/kg); normal rats treated with calcium chloride (CaCl2) only (10mg/kg); groups 10 and 11 were both pretreated with CaCl2 and subsequently treated with 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg MEMSL respectively. All plant extracts used for treatments were dissolved in normal saline and administered orally using orogastric tube. Charcoal meal was used as marker in the estimation of GITT. The study showed significant decrease in GITT in the normal rats treated with 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg of extract. However, in the diabetic rats treated with 500mg/kg MEMSL, there was significant increase in GITT and this is comparable with the gut response to glibenclamide (5mg/kg). Musa sapientum extract produced significant decrease in transit time in the calcium chloride pre-treated normal rats and this is comparable to the effect observed in Nifedipine treated group. The significant reduction in GITT produced by MEMSL in the normal rats reflects a strong possibility of MEMSL acting as calcium channel antagonist through the voltage gated calcium channel which may be due to the presence of alkaloids, saponins, cardenolides. There is the possibility of the extract acting as an inhibitor of potassium channel at higher concentration as observed in glibenclamide treated groups. Keywords: Musa Sapientum, Gastrointestinal transit time, Alloxan diabetes.     

富肌醇南瓜种质资源的筛选与评价

对86份南瓜品种的主要农艺性状进行了鉴定,并采用高效液相色谱技术,对各品种的肌醇含量进行了检测,从中筛选出18份富肌醇兼具不同优异农艺性状的品种。其中,甜布丁的肌醇含量高达16.44mg/g,比普通品种高约5倍。小茄克、蜜糖罐和双桃等的肌醇含量分别高达14.52mg/g、12.4mg/g和11.9mg/g,比普通品种高出3倍以上,是开展富肌醇南瓜新品种选育的优良亲本材料。     

Inhibition of endogenous glucose production accounts for hypoglycemic effect of Spergularia purpurea in streptozotocin mice.

The purpose of this study was to determine the underlying mechanism of the hypoglycemic activity of the aqueous extract perfusion of Spergularia purpurea (SP) in diabetic mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous extract was administered intravenously and the blood glucose levels were determined within 4 hours after starting the treatment. Plasma insulin concentrations and endogenous glucose production were also determined. The aqueous extract at a dose of 10 mg/kg produced a significant decrease in blood glucose levels in normal rats (P < 0.05), and even more in diabetic rats (P < 0.001). This hypoglycemic effect might be due to an extra-pancreatic action of the aqueous extract of SP, since the basal plasma insulin concentrations were unchanged after SP treatment. In diabetic mice, a similar effect was observed and the results showed that aqueous extract of SP caused a potent inhibitor effect on basal endogenous glucose production (p < 0.001). We conclude that aqueous extract perfusion of SP inhibits endogenous glucose production in mice. This inhibition is at least one mechanism explaining the observed hypoglycemic activity of this plant in diabetic animals.     

Antihyperglycemic activity of Tarralin™, an ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L.

The studies reported here were undertaken to examine the antihyperglycemic activity of an ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L., called Tarralin in diabetic and non-diabetic animals. In genetically diabetic KK-A(gamma) mice, Tarralin treatment by gavage (500 mg/kg body wt./day for 7 days) lowered elevated blood glucose levels by 24% from 479+/-25 to 352+/-16 mg/dl relative to control animals. In comparison, treatment with the known antidiabetic drugs, troglitazone (30 mg/kg body wt./day) and metformin (300 mg/kg body wt./day), decreased blood glucose concentrations by 28% and 41%, respectively. Blood insulin concentrations were reduced in the KK-A(gamma) mice by 33% with Tarralin, 48% with troglitazone and 52% with metformin. In (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, Tarralin treatment, (500 mg/kg body wt./day for 7 days), also significantly lowered blood glucose concentrations, by 20%, from 429+/-41 to 376+/-58 mg/dl relative to control. As a possible mechanism, Tarralin was shown to significantly decrease phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA expression by 28% in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In non-diabetic animals, treatment with Tarralin did not significantly alter PEPCK expression, blood glucose or insulin concentrations. The extract was also shown to increase the binding of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) to its receptor in vitro. These results indicate that Tarralin has antihyperglycemic activity and a potential role in the management of diabetic states.     

Hypoglycemic effect of Sclerocarya birrea {(A. Rich.) Hochst.} [Anacardiaceae] stem-bark aqueous extract in rats

This study was undertaken to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of Sclerocarya birrea [(A. Rich.) Hochst.] subspecies caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro [family: Anacardiaceae] stem-bark aqueous extract in normal (normoglycemic) and in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated, diabetic Wistar rats. In one set of experiments, graded doses of S. birrea stem-bark aqueous extract (SB, 100-800 mg/kg p.o.) were separately administered to groups of fasted normal and fasted diabetic rats. In another set of experiments, a single dose of the plant aqueous extract (SB, 800 mg/kg p.o.) was used. The hypoglycemic effect of this single dose (SB, 800 mg/kg p.o.) of S. birrea stem-bark aqueous extract was compared with that of chlorpropamide (250 mg/kg p.o.) in both fasted normal and fasted diabetic rats. Following acute treatment, relatively moderate to high doses of S. birrea stem-bark extract (SB, 100-800 mg/kg p.o.) produced dose-dependent, significant reductions (P < 0.05-0.001) in the blood glucose concentrations of both fasted normal and fasted diabetic rats. Chlorpropamide (250 mg/kg p.o.) also produced significant reductions (P < 0.05-0.001) in the blood glucose concentrations of the fasted normal and fasted diabetic rats. Administrations of the single dose of S. birrea stem-bark aqueous extract (SB, 800 mg/kg p.o.) significantly reduced (P 0.01 < 0.001) the blood glucose levels of both fasted normal (normoglycemic) and fasted STZ-treated, diabetic rats. The results of this experimental animal study indicate that aqueous extract of Sclerocarya birrea possesses hypoglycemic activity, and thus lend credence to the suggested folkloric use of the plant in the management and/or control of adult-onset, type-2 diabetes mellitus in some African communities.     

Antidiabetic potential of Caralluma europaea against alloxan-induced diabetes in mice

Medicinal plants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus especially in developing countries where resources are lacking. Herbal of natural origin, unlike the synthetic compounds, are more effective, safer and have less side effects. For continuing research on biological properties of Moroccan medicinal plants, the present work was undertaken to evaluate the potential and mechanism of the antidiabetic activity of the Caralluma europaea methanolic extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. A high-performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC) was used to identify and quantify the major phenolic compounds in the methanolic extract. The in vitro antioxidant property was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging method, reducing power and ß-carotene-linoleic acid assays. The acute toxicity of the extract was evaluated by giving it orally to mice at single doses of 200, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg body weight. The antidiabetic effect was conducted on Swiss albino mice. Diabetes was induced with single intraperitonial injection of alloxan monohydrate (200 mg/kg body weight) and animals were treated with methanol extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight. The blood glucose levels were measured and histopathological analysis of pancreas was performed to evaluate alloxan-induced tissue injuries. The main phenols identified and quantified in the extract were ferulic acid, quercetine, 3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid, rutin, epigallocatechin, and catechin. Ferulic acid was found to be the main phenolic compound ant its proportion was up to 52% of total phenolic compounds, followed by quercetin (36%). The result showed that methanol extract exhibited an antioxidant effect. Acute toxicity studies revealed that C. europaea extract was safe up 2000 mg/kg body weight and approximate LD₅₀ is more than 2000 mg/kg. Moreover, the methanol extract prevented the diabetogenic effect of alloxan and decreased significantly the blood glucose level (P < 0.001) in treated mice. Morphometric study of pancreas revealed that C. europaea extract protected significantly the islets of Langerhans against alloxan-induced tissue alterations.