禹州漏芦醇提物对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤的影响

探讨禹州漏芦乙醇提取物对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。以CCl4诱导小鼠急性肝损伤模型,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,同时测定肝匀浆中的超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的水平。将肝大叶HE染色,观察各组小鼠的肝组织病理改变。结果表明,同模型组比较,禹州漏芦乙醇提取物各剂量组均能降低小鼠血清中ALT、AST及MDA活性,升高肝组织中GSH-Px和SOD的活性,并能明显改善肝组织的病理学损伤。禹州漏芦乙醇提取物对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤具有较好保肝作用,其作用可能与清除体内自由基和抗氧化的作用有关。     

油橄榄叶提取物体内外抗氧化活性研究北大核心CSCD

为评价油橄榄叶提取物的体内和体外抗氧化能力,体外抗氧化活性评价采用DPPH·和·OH清除能力实验,体内抗氧化活性评价采用D-半乳糖连续背部注射制作亚急性衰老小鼠模型,以VE为阳性对照组,油橄榄叶提取物58、116、232 mg/kg BW灌胃30 d,处死后测定MDA含量、SOD和GSH-Px活性,观察肝脏和大脑组织病理形态学的改变。结果表明,衰老小鼠MDA的含量明显升高,血清、肝组织中的SOD、GSH-Px和脑组织中的SOD活性均明显降低,与正常小鼠比较有差异(P<0.05);各剂量的油橄榄叶提取物均能提高衰老小鼠血清、肝组织中的SOD、GSH-Px和脑组织中的SOD活性,并降低MDA的含量;油橄榄叶提取物可明显改善D-gal致衰老小鼠肝脏、大脑皮质和海马神经元的细胞形态和水肿情况。油橄榄叶提取物清除DPPH·和·OH的IC50分别为0.064 mg/m L和0.066 mg/m L。实验结果表明油橄榄叶提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性。     

油橄榄叶提取物体内外抗氧化活性研究

为评价油橄榄叶提取物的体内和体外抗氧化能力,体外抗氧化活性评价采用DPPH·和·OH清除能力实验,体内抗氧化活性评价采用D-半乳糖连续背部注射制作亚急性衰老小鼠模型,以VE为阳性对照组,油橄榄叶提取物58、116、232 mg/kg BW灌胃30 d,处死后测定MDA含量、SOD和GSH-Px活性,观察肝脏和大脑组织病理形态学的改变。结果表明,衰老小鼠MDA的含量明显升高,血清、肝组织中的SOD、GSH-Px和脑组织中的SOD活性均明显降低,与正常小鼠比较有差异(P0.05);各剂量的油橄榄叶提取物均能提高衰老小鼠血清、肝组织中的SOD、GSH-Px和脑组织中的SOD活性,并降低MDA的含量;油橄榄叶提取物可明显改善D-gal致衰老小鼠肝脏、大脑皮质和海马神经元的细胞形态和水肿情况。油橄榄叶提取物清除DPPH·和·OH的IC50分别为0.064 mg/m L和0.066 mg/m L。实验结果表明油橄榄叶提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性。     

复方中草药提取物对小鼠机体抗氧化能力的影响

研究以乌梅、马齿苋等为主要成分的复方中草药提取物对小鼠机体抗氧化能力的影响。以昆明种雌性小鼠作为实验动物,试验设3个剂量组(100、200、400 mg/kg·bw)和1个溶剂对照组。灌胃28 d后,检测小鼠血清以及心、肝、脾、肾组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。复方中草药提取物在100、200、400 mg/kg·bw三个剂量水平上均可导致小鼠血清、心、肝、脾、肾组织中SOD和GSH-Px活性显著增强,降低小鼠上述组织中MDA含量,并呈现剂量反应关系。本研究中的复方中草药提取物可提高昆明种雌性小鼠机体的抗氧化能力,具有潜在的研究价值。     

复方中草药提取物对小鼠机体抗氧化能力的影响北大核心CSCD

研究以乌梅、马齿苋等为主要成分的复方中草药提取物对小鼠机体抗氧化能力的影响。以昆明种雌性小鼠作为实验动物,试验设3个剂量组(100、200、400 mg/kg·bw)和1个溶剂对照组。灌胃28 d后,检测小鼠血清以及心、肝、脾、肾组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。复方中草药提取物在100、200、400 mg/kg·bw三个剂量水平上均可导致小鼠血清、心、肝、脾、肾组织中SOD和GSH-Px活性显著增强,降低小鼠上述组织中MDA含量,并呈现剂量反应关系。本研究中的复方中草药提取物可提高昆明种雌性小鼠机体的抗氧化能力,具有潜在的研究价值。     

天门冬纳米制剂对小鼠抗氧化系统的影响

目的:探讨中药天门冬及其纳米制剂对小鼠心肌线粒体中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量,肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的影响,观察纳米制剂能否更有效地改善机体的抗氧化能力.方法:采用D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠分别ig相同剂量的天门冬水提液及其纳米中药15 d,测定衰老小鼠心肌线粒体中SOD活性、MDA含量及肝组织中GSH-Px活性.结果:天门冬水提液及其纳米中药均能显著增强天门冬及其纳米中药均可提高小鼠心肌线粒体中SOD的活性(P<0.01),肝组织GSH-Px活性(P<0.01),降低心肌线粒体中MDA(P<0.05),且纳米中药的药效强于天门冬水提液的药效(P<0.01).结论:天门冬纳米制剂抗氧化能力优于天门冬超声波水提液.     

大豆卵磷脂对小鼠的抗疲劳和抗氧化作用研究

目的:研究大豆卵磷脂的抗疲劳及抗氧化作用。方法:小鼠经口给予大豆卵磷脂30天后,采用负重游泳实验,观察记录小鼠游泳死亡时间;检测血清尿素氮、肝糖原;测定血清和肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:给予大豆卵磷脂后,与对照组相比,实验组小鼠负重游泳时间明显延长,肝糖原消耗量减少,降低运动后血清尿素氮水平(P<0.05);升高小鼠血清和肝匀浆SOD活性及GSH-Px活力,降低MDA的含量(P<0.05)。结论:大豆卵磷脂具有抗疲劳和抗氧化作用。     

松果菊苷抗衰老作用机理研究

研究了中国传统药物肉苁蓉提取物松果菊苷(echinacoside,ECH)体外清除活性氧自由基和体内抗氧化、抗衰老作用的机理。运用电子顺磁共振(electron paramagretic resonance,EPR)自旋捕捉方法研究ECH对体外产生的羟自由基(^ OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2^-)和脂自由基(L^ )的清除能力;并以D-半乳糖衰老小鼠为实验模型,采用低温EPR技术直接检测小鼠心、肝、肾、脑组织活性氧物种(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平;生化方法检测小鼠全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)和脑组织单胺氧化酶(monoaminoxidase,MAO)活性及肝组织丙二醛(malondialdehvde,MDA)含量;EPR自旋捕捉方法检测血清超氧化物歧化酶(supemxide dismutase,SOD)活力;跳台法检测小鼠记忆力。结果表明ECH能较好抑制体外^ OH,O2^-和L^ 自由基,同时能够提高GSH-Px和SOD活性,降低MDA含量,因此对D-半乳糖所致衰老引起的活性氧自由基损伤具有一定修复作用。由于抑制了MAO活性而提高小鼠的记忆力。由此可以认为ECH抗脂质过氧化及改善衰老的作用与其抗氧化活性有关。     

黑斑蛙精巢MDA和抗氧化酶对铅、镉暴露的生态毒性响应

以健康性成熟黑斑蛙为供试动物,以精巢组织丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性为指标,进行了水体铅、镉暴露的生态毒性响应研究.结果表明:(1)精巢MDA含量随铅、镉暴露浓度的升高而明显增加,且呈明显的浓度-效应关系.说明低水平铅、镉的长期暴露对黑斑蛙精巢具有一定的损伤作用;(2)SOD活性在各处理组响应变化不明显,CAT、GSH-Px活性则被显著诱导,说明GSH-Px、CAT在铅、镉引起的精巢抗氧化损伤中起着重要作用;(3)3种抗氧化酶相比,GSH-Px活性对铅、镉暴露响应最敏感,SOD活性的响应最不明显,精巢GSH-Px活性是指示铅、镉暴露的优选生物标志物。     

萝卜过氧化物酶对小鼠机体抗氧化作用的研究

目的 探索新的抗氧化剂.方法 研究萝卜过氧化物酶(POD)对小鼠肝、脾和肾脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)的影响.结果 用不同剂量的POD处理后,可以提高肝、脾和肾的SOD、GSH-Px的活性,减低丙二醛的含量.结论 萝卜过氧化物酶可以提高机体的抗氧化能力.     

卵巢激素撤除诱发雌性小鼠抑郁样状态(英文)

目的:建立卵巢激素撤除诱发雌性小鼠抑郁样状态模型,并且探讨其可能的神经化学机制。方法:将小鼠分为假手术组,卵巢摘除组,己烯雌酚治疗组和氟西汀治疗组。动物行卵巢摘除术后开始给药,术后两周进行强迫游泳试验及悬尾试验以考察其抑郁样状态,并利用高效液相结合电化学检测测定下丘脑及海马中去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)以及五羟色胺(5-HT)的含量。结果:在强迫游泳试验及悬尾试验中,卵巢摘除小鼠较假手术组小鼠不动时间显著延长。神经递质测定显示,卵巢摘除小鼠下丘脑中NE与DA的含量显著降低,海马中NE与5-HT的含量显著降低。给予己烯雌酚或氟西汀治疗对抗了卵巢摘除所诱导的抑郁样状态,并且缓解了神经递质水平的下降。结论:双侧卵巢摘除诱发的小鼠抑郁样状态可以模拟妇女更年期抑郁的某些症状。本研究对于探讨卵巢激素撤除诱发抑郁状态的神经生化机制可能具有重要的意义。     

Altered anxiety-related and social behaviors in the Fmr1 knockout mouse model of fragile X syndrome

The loss of fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene function causes fragile X syndrome (FXS), a common mental retardation syndrome. Anxiety and abnormal social behaviors are prominent features of FXS in humans. To better understand the role of FMR1 in these behaviors, we analyzed anxiety-related and social behaviors in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice. In the mirrored chamber test, Fmr1 KO mice showed greater aversion to the central mirrored chamber than wild-type (WT) littermates, suggesting increased anxiety-like responses to reflected images of mice. Fmr1 KO mice exhibited abnormal social interactions in a tube test of social dominance, winning fewer matches than WT littermates. In a partition test, Fmr1 KO mice had normal levels of social interest and social recognition. However, during direct interaction tests, Fmr1 KO mice showed significant increases in sniffing behaviors. We further tested the influence of environmental familiarity on the social responses of Fmr1 KO mice to unfamiliar partners. In unfamiliar partitioned cages, Fmr1 KO mice did not differ from WT mice in investigation of unfamiliar partners. However, in familiar partitioned cages, Fmr1 KO mice showed less investigation of a newly introduced partner during the first 5 min and more investigation during the last 5 min of a 20-min partition test, behaviors consistent with initial social anxiety followed by enhanced social investigation. Our findings indicate that the loss of Fmr1 gene function results in altered anxiety and social behavior in mice and demonstrate that the Fmr1 KO mouse is a relevant animal model for the abnormal social responses seen in FXS.     

Taste sensitivities to PROP and PTC vary independently in mice

Mammals use common mechanisms to detect, transduce and process taste stimulus information. For example, they share families of receptors that respond to amino acids, and sweet- and bitter-tasting stimuli. Nonetheless, it also clear that different species exhibit unique taste sensitivities that may reflect specific genetic variations. In humans, sensitivities to the chemically similar, bitter-tasting compounds 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) and phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) are heritable and strongly correlated, suggesting a common genetic basis. However, it is unknown whether PROP and PTC taste sensitivities are similarly correlated in mice. Here we report that PROP and PTC taste sensitivities vary independently between two inbred strains of mice. In brief-access taste tests C3HeB/FeJ (C3) and SWR/J (SW) mice possess similar taste sensitivity to PTC, while SW mice are significantly more sensitive to PROP than are C3 mice. In two-bottle preference tests, however, SW mice display greater aversion to both compounds. This discrepancy may be explained by the observation that SW mice consumed taste solutions at a greater rate during the intake test than did C3 mice. Therefore, PTC avoidance is correlated with the amount of PTC consumed in the intake tests rather than the concentration of PTC tested. These findings suggest that post-ingestive factors play a significant role in PTC avoidance during intake tests and highlight an important advantage of brief-access tests over intake tests in resolving the gustatory and post-ingestive contributions to taste-related behaviors. Most strikingly, these results demonstrate that in mice, unlike in humans, PTC and PROP taste sensitivities vary independently, thereby suggesting a subtle functional diversity of bitter-taste mechanisms across mammalian species.     

嗜酸乳杆菌LA-G80的毒理学研究

目的对嗜酸乳杆菌的毒性进行研究。方法采用大、小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验和大鼠30 d喂养等对嗜酸乳杆菌进行安全性试验研究。结果急性经口毒性试验表明,大、小鼠灌胃给予嗜酸乳杆菌,最大耐受剂量雌雄两性别均大于20.0 g/kg体重,Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性。大鼠30 d喂养试验结果表明各项指标均未见明显毒性反应。结论在本次实验条件下,嗜酸乳杆菌未见遗传毒性。由此可初步判定,使用嗜酸乳杆菌是安全可靠的。     

Anxiety,depression-like behaviors and biochemistry disorders induced by cannabis extract in female mice

Cannabis is an annual herbaceous plant sometimes grown for decoration and used as bird food that looks like flax. The study wanted to determine if a Cannabis extract may have an effect on how anxious and depressed the female mice behaved. forty healthy female mice were divided into four groups. Tap water was administered to the first group (control). Ethanol was administered to second group (positive control). The third and four groups were given 1 and 2 mg/kg cannabis extract respectively. Treatment continued for 14 days. After therapy, the light–dark chamber, forced swimming, tail suspension, plus lamb and open field tests were done to assess anxiety and depressive behavior. The results indicated that the anxiety and depression were increased in treated females significantly compared to control. Biochemical results showed that DA,5-HT, AChE, GSH, GST, CAT and SOD were decreased while TBARS, corticosterone and cortisol were increased. In conclusion, cannabis effects this kind of females’ behavior but the mechanisms are not clear yet. We need more researches on this trend.     

Utilization of fluorescence tracer in hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp test in mice

The hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp test is considered to be a gold standard for the evaluation of insulin sensitivity. Here, a new version of the clamp test that used the fluorescence tracer 2-NBDG was tested. C57BL/6J mice were induced insulin resistant (IR) with a high-calorie diet. Rosiglitazone was administrated to IR mice and diabetic db/db mice. Insulin resistance was estimated with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the insulin tolerance test (ITT), the serum insulin level and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and then confirmed by the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp test with 2-NBDG. The 2-NBDG content was measured by the fluorescence intensity. The characteristics of insulin resistance were shown remarkably with the increased values of serum insulin and HOMA-IR in IR mice, and with the results from OGTT and ITT in both IR and db/db mice. In the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp test, the glucose infusion rate and amount of 2-NBDG taken up into the liver, adipose, and skeletal muscle were decreased significantly in IR mice and db/db mice, respectively. The clearing rates of 2-NBDG from the circulation were much slower in both mouse models. All markers were reversed significantly by rosiglitazone treatment. The results indicate that with the fluorescence tracer 2-NBDG, the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp test can be used to estimate insulin sensitivity in vivo.     

红湖水质对模型动物致突变性的研究

目的:以微核技术及精子畸变率为指示,探讨新疆大学红湖水质对模型动物致突变性作用。方法:采用小鼠嗜多染红细胞(PCE)微核率(MCN)及精子畸变率检测方法,研究红湖水质及其潜在的致突变性。结果:3个水样点的污水都能引起小白鼠嗜多染红细胞及精子细胞不同程度的遗传毒性。与对照组(自来水)喂养的小白鼠相比具有明显的差异(P<0.005)。结论:红湖水质已经被严重污染,对人体及动物具有潜在的危害。     

Trypanosoma gambiense: immunity with thymic cell transfer in mice.

This report deals with the enhanced agglutinin production and protection in thymectomized, lethally irradiated mice (TI-mice) with transferred thymic cells from mice immune to T. gambiense. Such mice, when sensitized with trypanosome antigen showed protection against experimental infection and also produced agglutinins. Thymic cells from cortisone-treated immune mice were able to induce the production of agglutinins in TI-mice subsequently injected with antigen. However, these agglutinin titers were very low. In bovine serum albumin gradient centrifugation experiments, agglutinin production could be efficiently induced by inoculation of TI-mice with a rather high density thymic cell subpopulation taken from immune mice. Fractionated by Sephadex G-200, the agglutinins displayed a division into two parts, a first and second peak. The main agglutination reaction was seen in the first or macroglobulin peak. In the fractionation of serum by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, agglutinins were eluted in two parts, the 0.0175 M and 0.4 M effluents. The agglutination by the 0.4 M effluent was much stronger than that of the 0.0175 M effluent, in agreement with the gel filtration results. The sera containing agglutinins were able to enhance the phagocytosis of trypanosomes by cultured macrophages from the peritoneal cavity of normal and irradiated mice. Delay of parasitemia was evident in some of the TI-mice having detectable agglutinins. The delayed parasitemia resulted from antigenically altered trypanosomes which were able to withstand the lethal factors of TI-mice. Transplantation of thymic cells was considered to be responsible for agglutinins induced by the antigenic stimulation in TI-mice and for protection against experimental infection.     

紫球藻及其胞外多糖对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

探讨紫球藻及其胞外多糖对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的调节作用,用环磷酰胺(CY)建立昆明种小鼠免疫功能低下的实验模型。小鼠随机均分6组,其中2组每天分别给予紫球藻藻粉1200、600 mg/kg灌胃,2组给予紫球藻胞外多糖300、150 mg/kg灌胃,正常对照组及CY组用等容积生理盐水灌胃,连续14 d。实验结果表明紫球藻及其胞外多糖均可显著提高免疫抑制小鼠的脾指数、胸腺指数、碳廓清能力、单核细胞吞噬功能,并可对抗环磷酰胺引起的外周血白细胞数目下降,因此紫球藻藻粉及其胞外多糖对小鼠免疫功能具有一定的正向调节作用。毒性实验表明,小鼠腹腔注射300、150 mg/kg紫球藻胞外多糖溶液和分别给予紫球藻藻粉1200、600 mg/kg灌胃,小鼠未出现死亡,也未有明显毒性反应出现的一些指标变化,说明紫球藻藻粉及胞外多糖的安全性较高。