不同胁迫预处理提高水稻幼苗抗寒性期间蛋白质的变化

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)幼苗经盐、热激和冷三种不同胁迫预处理均提高了幼苗的抗寒性。与未预处理苗相比,在处理后、低温伤害后和常温下恢复2d的三个时期,不同胁迫预处理苗的可溶性和热不稳定蛋白含量变化趋势甚为相似,但热稳定蛋白含量变化则各有异同。SDS-PAGE图谱分析显示,不同胁迫预处理提高水稻幼苗抗寒性时,其可溶性蛋白、热稳定和热不稳定蛋白组成变化亦各有异同。除诱导出共有的新多肽外,还各自诱导出特有的新多肽。结果表明,植物对不同胁迫的交叉适应存在一定的共同机理,但亦可看出植物对同一种环境胁迫似乎不是以同一的机理去适应。     

不同胁迫预处理提高水稻幼苗抗寒性期间膜保护系统的变化比较

通过比较盐、冷和热激三种不同胁迫预处理提高水稻(Oryza sativa L.)抗寒性过程中膜保护系统的变化,探讨植物交叉适应机理。结果表明,水稻幼苗经不同胁迫预处理均可提高幼苗的抗寒性。与未预处理苗相比,不同胁迫(冷、热、盐)预处理之间在处理后、低温伤害后及恢复2d后的3个不同时期膜酶促和非酶促保护系统及同工酶酶谱变化各有异同,既有部分共性,也有其独特性。     

盐和水分预处理对扶芳藤幼苗抗寒性的影响

测定了扶芳藤新品种‘红脉’经不同方式预处理后对幼苗抗寒性的影响,测定了膜脂过氧化水平、保护酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的变化。结果表明,与对照低温胁迫相比,0.1和0.3mol/L NaCl溶液预处理后再经低温胁迫处理,扶芳藤幼苗的膜脂过氧化水平较低、保护酶活性高、渗透调节物质含量的累积较多,不同浓度的NaCl溶液预处理比不同浓度的PEG溶液预处理对提高扶芳藤的抗寒性更有效。通过实验证明了植物在不同的逆境中确实存在着交叉适应现象,植物对各种逆境胁迫有着许多相同的生理反应,对各种胁迫的适应性存在某些共同的机制。     

Ca^2＋预处理对热胁迫下辣椒叶肉细胞中Ca^2＋—ATP酶活性的影响

在常温下生长的辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）叶肉细胞中Ca^2 －ATP酶主要分布于质膜、液泡膜上,叶绿体的基质和基粒片层上也有少量分布;在40℃下热胁迫不同的时间,酶活性逐渐下降,直到叶绿体超微结构解体。同样条件下,经过Ca^2 预处理后,分布在上述细胞器膜或片层上的酶活性大大提高,表明Ca^2 预处理对该活性具有激活作用;Ca^2 预处理对热胁迫下的超微结构的完整性具有一定的保护作用,并且能使Ca^2 －ATP酶在热胁迫下维持较高活性。结果表明,Ca^2 预处理增强辣椒幼苗的抗热性,可能与其稳定细胞膜、从而使Ca^2 －ATP酶在热迫下保护较高活性有一定关系。     

低温逆境中不同抗寒性植物细胞内Ca^2＋稳定平衡的区别

电镜细胞化学观察揭示,不抗寒的玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍａｙｓ Ｌ．ｅｖ． Ｂｌａｃｋ Ｍｅｘｉｃａｎ Ｓｗｅｅｌ）和抗寒的小偃麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｒｎ ｓｅｅｔ．Ｔｒｉｔｉｔｒｉｇｉａ ｍａｃｋｅｙ）细胞在２６℃悬浮培养时,标志Ｃａ＾２＋定位的锑酸钙沉淀物主要分布在液泡内,细胞质和细胞核中很少见到Ｃａ＾２＋沉淀;标志Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性的反应的磷权沉淀物丰富地分布在质膜上,显示这两种植物物质膜Ｃａ＾     

甲基紫精对水稻幼苗根细胞膜微囊Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性的影响

10μmol／L甲基紫精(MV)预处理水稻幼苗可明显提高其抗冷力,但这种功效可被钙的螯合剂EGTA(10 mmol／L)和钙调素(CaM)的抑制剂氯丙嗪(CPZ,0．5mmol／L)所抑制。MV预处理提高了幼苗质膜、液泡膜Ca^2 -ATP酶活性,同时也有提高质膜Fe(CN)6^3-还原速率和这些活性的冷适应性,但这些效果均可被EGTA和CPZ所抑制。离体条件下,膜微囊的Ca^2 -ATP酶活性对H2O2、O2^-、-0H敏感。结果显示,MV预处理提高幼苗的抗冷力可能是通过钙信使介导起作用的,钙信使或CaM可能刺激了质膜、液泡膜Ca^2 -ATP酶活性;而该预处理有增加质膜、液泡膜Ca^2 -ATP酶的冷稳定性则可能与该处理有提高细胞抗氧化能力、稳定冷胁迫下细胞膜系统结构有关。     

植物细胞Ca^2＋的微调系统——Ca2＋—ATPase

本文对植物体细胞Ca^2 -ATPase的类型,亚细胞定位,生化特性,分子量差异,基因克隆,酶活性调节剂以及生理功能等方面的研究进展进行综述和讨论。     

水稻幼苗根细胞质膜和液泡膜微囊Ca^2＋－ATP酶的特性

水稻幼苗根质膜和液泡膜Ca2+-ATP酶对ATP的Km值分别为7.1和4.5 μ mol·L-1;反应的最适pH分别为8.0和7.0.两者活性均受Na3VO4和曙红B(EB)抑制;CPZ抑制质膜Ca2+-ATP酶活性,但促进液泡膜Ca2+-ATP酶活性.30mmol·L-1CaCl2浸种和CaCl2浸种结合低温锻炼预处理,均可提高此酶的活性和冷稳定性.     

Changes of Ca2+ -ATPase Activities in Cell of Rice Seed lings During the Enhancement of Chilling Resistance Induced by Cold and Salt Pretreatment

The changes of Ca2+ -ATPase activities of plasmolemma, and tonoplast membrane in roots and leaf chloroplasts in rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) seedlings were investigated for exploring the mechanism of cross adaptation to different stresses in the plants during the enhancement of chilling resistance induced by cold and salt pretreatment. The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment, but this enhancement was inhibited by Ca2+-chelate ethyleneglycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl ether) N, N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and the calmodulin inhibitor chlorpromazine (CPZ), it showed the calcium messenger system was involved in the course of chilling resistance formation. The Ca2+ -ATPase activity of root plasmolemma and tonoplast membrane as well as the Fe(CN)63- reduction in root plasmolemma in nonpretreated seedlings were declined markedly during the chilling stress. The Ca2+ -ATPase activities of plasmolemma, tonoplast membrane and chloroplasts as well as the Fe(CN)63- reduction of plasmolemma were enhanced by cold pretreatment. The activities of Ca2+ -ATPase and Fe(CN)63- reduction of plasmolemma, as compared with nonpretreated seedlings has increased by 86.80% and 93.93% respectively. The effect of salt pretreatmerit on the Ca2+ -ATPase activities of plasmolemma and chloroplast as well as Fe(CN)63- reduction of plasmolemma were similar to the effect of cold pretreatment. Although the Ca2+ -ATPase activity of tonoplast membrane was declined by salt pretreatment, the activity was none the less markedly higher than that of the nonpretreated seedlings. It showed that there was stronger ability of maintaining calcium homeostasis in the seedlings following two pretreatment. The results displayed that the enhancement of chilling resistance in rice seedlings with cold and salt pretreatment might be related to the effective activation of Ca2+ -ATPase in two pretreatment seedlings, because the activated Ca2+ -ATPase could bring back rapidly the raised cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration from chilling stress to the state of calcium homeostasis, leading to the maintenance of normal functioning of the calcium messenger system and physiological metabolism. It seems that the adapated mechanism to chilling stress in two seedlings with cold and salt pretreatment was similar.     

毛白杨幼苗低温锻炼过程中Ca2+ 的作用及细胞Ca2+-ATP酶活性的变化

观察了低温锻炼以及随后的常温生长中毛白杨幼苗质膜及线粒体Ca2 ATP酶活性、CaM含量和抗冻性的变化。结果表明 ,单纯低温锻炼在一定程度上提高了毛白杨幼苗质膜及线粒体Ca2 ATP酶活性、CaM含量和抗冻性 ,减小了低温胁迫所引起的质膜及线粒体Ca2 ATP酶活性和CaM含量的下降程度 ,促进了胁迫后恢复过程中质膜及线粒体Ca2 ATP酶活性和CaM水平的迅速回升。在低温锻炼的同时 ,用CaCl2 处理能加强低温锻炼的效果 ,但这种效应可被EGTA、LaCl3和CPZ处理所抑制     

水稻幼苗根细胞质膜和液泡膜微囊Ca2+-ATP酶的特性

水稻幼苗根质膜和液泡膜Ca2 -ATP酶对ATP的Km值分别为7.1和4.5 μ mol·L-1;反应的最适pH分别为8.0和7.0.两者活性均受Na3VO4和曙红B(EB)抑制;CPZ抑制质膜Ca2 -ATP酶活性,但促进液泡膜Ca2 -ATP酶活性.30mmol·L-1CaCl2浸种和CaCl2浸种结合低温锻炼预处理,均可提高此酶的活性和冷稳定性.     

不同频率电刺激膈神经导致膈肌肌浆网Ca~(2 )-ATPase和Ca~(2 )释放-摄取动力学改变

研究不同频率慢性电刺激（ＣＥＳ）后兔膈肌肌浆网（ＳＲ）Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性以及ＳＲ Ｃａ２＋摄取－释放动力学对不同频率ＣＥＳ的适应性变化。建立不同频率ＣＥＳ组;用定磷法测定ＳＲ Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性;用Ｆｕｒａ－２荧光法测定ＳＲ　Ｃａ２＋摄取－释放动力学。与对照组比较,慢性低频电刺激１０ Ｈｚ和２０Ｈｚ组的ＳＲ　Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ｃａ２＋释放－摄取动力学也显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）;慢性高频电刺激５０ Ｈｚ和１００Ｈｚ组的ＳＲ Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性则显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ｃａ２＋释放－摄取动力学亦明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。实验提示,ＣＥＳ后不同频率ＣＥＳ导致膈肌ＳＲＣａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、Ｃａ２＋摄取－释放动力学产生不同的适应性变化;对不同功能状态的膈肌应用不同频谱的慢性电刺激可能具有重要的临床意义。     

高温胁迫对花生幼苗光合速率、叶绿素含量、叶绿体Ca2+-ATPase、Mg2+-ATPase及Ca2+分布的影响

将水培后盆栽的花生幼苗,置于培养箱42℃高温培养,定时测定幼苗叶光合速率、叶绿素含量和叶绿体Ca2 -ATPase、Mg2 -ATPase的相对活性,并观察幼叶细胞内Ca2 分布的变化。试验结果表明:高温胁迫过程中,光合速率及叶绿素含量都随处理时间的延伸而下降,并呈显著正相关;叶绿体Ca2 -ATPase和Mg2 -ATPase高温胁迫过程中相对活性呈先升后降趋势,Ca2 -ATPase热敏性高于Mg2 -ATPase;高温胁迫过程中,Ca2 具有从胞外转运到胞质内和叶绿体中的趋势,Ca2 能够稳定高温胁迫下叶肉细胞膜和叶绿体的超微结构。     

黄瓜种子萌发过程中Ca~(2 )分布的变化

采用细胞化学方法 ,研究了黄瓜种子中贮藏Ca2 的分布特点及其在萌发过程中的变化动态。干种子的子叶细胞中贮藏有大量的蛋白体、油脂体 ,Ca2 沉淀颗粒大量分布于胞质、胞间隙以及细胞质膜上。大多数蛋白体中有 1至数个圆球形或椭圆体形含Ca2 的球状晶体。相比之下 ,胚芽和胚根细胞中Ca2 较少。种子萌发早期 ,子叶中的贮藏钙及晶体溶解释放出的Ca2 部分转运到生长发育中的胚芽和胚根中。随着萌发的继续 ,胚根和胚芽细胞中的Ca2 不会持续增多 ,反而下降     

1,25-(OH)_2D_3诱导HL-60细胞分化后胞液Ca~(2+)浓度、磷酸化酶a和微粒体Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性的改变

1,25-(OH)_2D_3对HL-60细胞具有促分化作用。本文报道了1,25-(OH)_2D_3在促进HL-60细胞分化前后胞液Ca~(2+)浓度、磷酸化酶a和微粒体Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性的改变。结果表明,1,25-(OH)_2D_3加入HL-60细胞培养液后72小时,细胞NBT染色阳性率高于70％,形态向正常分化的细胞转化。同对,胞液Ca~(2+)浓度和微粒体Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性明显降低,而磷酸化酶a活性显著升高。结果提示,在1,25-(OH)2_D_3作用下,HL-60细胞不仅杀菌功能增强,细胞内胞液Ca~(2+)浓度趋向正常,与钙恒稳有关的酶活性也同样发生改变。即1,25-(OH)_2D_3对HL-60细胞的诱导作用伴有钙恒稳的改变。这些变化与DMSO的作用相同。     

光周期对光敏胞质不育小麦花药发育过程中Ca^2＋—ATPase分布的影响

应用铅沉淀法研究了不同光照条件下泖负质不育小麦Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．）可育花药和不育药药发育过程中Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的分布。短日可育条件下,单核早期至成熟花粉,Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ在花粉表面,外壁内先增加后 和,在花粉内壁及质膜上逐渐增加,在南内分布较少,成熟花粉的营养细胞核仁内有大量Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ会面２。精细胞核仁内亦有Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ分布。乌氏体上     

春玉米叶片衰老中激素变化,Ca^2＋跨膜运输和膜脂过氧化三者之间的关系

通过离体玉米（ZeamaysL．）叶片培养和叶肉质膜微囊45Ca2 吸收等实验,探索春玉米叶片衰老过程中激素变化、Ca2 跨膜运输及膜脂过氧化三者之间的联系。结果认为,玉米叶片衰老的可能过程首先是内源激素含量变化,继而影响到Ca2 跨膜运输,进而导致膜脂过氧化,由此引起叶绿素和蛋白质降解。     

Physical Localization of Genes for CaM and Ca2+- ATPase in Rice by in situ Hybridization

CaM and Ca2 + -ATPase genes are important components of signal transduction chains which affect the regulation of' gene expression and development in plants. These two genes are tunctionally closely related. The rice ( Oryza sativa L. )cDNA probes C419 and SSU304 for these two genes, which are small single-copy ones and 0.8 and 0.3 kb in size respectively, were first physically mapped on rice chromosomes by biotin-labeled in situ hybridization. Both probes were detected on chromosome 5. The detection rate was 6.18 %, and the average chromosome ann ratios and standard deviations of detected chromosomes for probes C419 and SSU304 were 1.79 ± 0.06 and 1.91 ± 0.08 respectively. Probe C419 for CaM gene was located at the end of the long ann, and probe SSU304 for Ca2 + -ATPase gene -- on the short arm near the centromere. As it was reported before, they were closely linked in the high density genetic map. This demonstrated that there was a large discrepancy between the results of genetic and physical mapping of genes, and it indicated that the region between the functionally related genes could be the cold spot. What relationship there is between the region and gene expression is to be shudied further. The nonradioactive in situ hybridization technique about the physical mapping of low/single copy, short DNA fragments is also discussed.