中亚热带东部三种主要木本群落土壤呼吸的研究

研究中亚热带东部青冈（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｇｌａｕｃａ）常绿阔叶林、毛竹（Ｐｈｙｌｏｓｔａｃｈｙｓｐｕｂｅｓｃｅｎｓ）林和茶（Ｃａｍｅｌｉａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）园土壤呼吸与土壤温度、土壤含水率的关系,建立了土壤呼吸速率与地表温度的模型,根据气象资料估算得到青冈常绿阔叶林、毛竹林、茶园的年均土壤ＣＯ２呼吸量,３种群落依次为２４．１２、３０．７７、２８．５５ｔ／ｈｍ２·ａ,进一步估算出浙江省常绿阔叶林、毛竹林和茶园每年土壤ＣＯ２排放量,分别为９．２７×１０６、１．３６×１０７、７．１６×１０６ｔ／ａ     

南亚热带森林优势种群荷木和锥栗在演替系列群落中的分子生？…

用扩增片段长度多成性（ＡＦＬＰ,ａｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｄ ｆｒａｇｍｅｎｔ ｌｅｎｇｔｈ ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ）方法研究了荷木（Ｓｃｈｉｍａ ｓｕｐｅｒｂａ Ｇａｒｄｎ．ｅｔ Ｃｈａｍｐ．）和锥栗（Ｃａｓｔａｎｏｐｓｉｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＨａｎｃｅ．）在３个演替系列群落中的分子变化。研究地点位于广东省鼎湖山。３个群落是针叶林群落、针阔叶混交林群落和常绿阔叶林群落。荷木的ＡＦＬＰ分析结果表明,４组     

北京地区辽东栎呼吸量的测定

本文报道了北京地区辽东株群落的建群种──辽东烁呼吸量的研究结果。详细论述了用红外ＣＯ＿２分析仪测定林木呼吸速率的方法和技术,给出了辽东栎非同化器官的直径分布函数表达式、呼吸速率与直径的关系以及计算单株林木各器官总时吸量的表达式,建立了由每木调查结果推算群落呼吸量的方法。结果表明：胸径大于４．０ｃｍ的辽东杆每年呼吸释放的ＣＯ＿２为１０．２ｔ／ｈｍ￣２,其中根、茎、叶、枝分别为２．８,１．７,２．６,３．２ｔ／ｈｍ￣２。本文论述的方法和技术不仅对研究森林呼吸量,对测定森林释放其它气体也有参考意义。     

内蒙古锡林河流域羊草草原生态系统碳素循环研究

采用野外调查和模型预测方法相结合,对内蒙古锡林河流域一个永久试验样地内的羊草（Ｌｅｙｍｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｔｒｉｎ．）Ｔｚｖｅｌ．）草原群落的碳素贮量、主要流量和周转速度等进行了初步估计,研究了长期过度放牧对整个流域羊草草原土壤有机碳贮量的影响。结果表明：１）羊草群落净初级生产固碳量的多年实测平均值为（２３１．２５±７４．４１）ｇＣ·ｍ－２·ａ－１,向土壤中的碳素输入量为２２０．７５ｇＣ·ｍ－２·ａ－１,土壤呼吸量的模型预测值为（１８１．０３±４６．３２）ｇＣ·ｍ－２·ａ－１;２）该群落碳素输入略大于输出,其理论积累率为１９．８８ｇＣ·ｍ－２·ａ－１,实测积累率为３９．７２ｇＣ·ｍ－２·ａ－１;３）近４０年来,过度放牧致使锡林河流域羊草草原表层（０～２０ｃｍ）土壤的有机碳贮量下降了约１２．４％。     

太白山自然保护区典型森林群落数量分类、排序及多样性格局

通过多元回归树（MRT，multivariate regression trees）对太白山自然保护区典型森林群落进行数量分类，采用典范对应分析（CCA，canonical correspondence analysis）进行排序，并对分类得到的森林群落总体多样性进行分析。研究表明：（1）对30个样地进行MRT分类，经交叉验证得出太白山自然保护区典型森林群落可以分为6类。（2）CCA排序揭示了群落的生境分布范围，并反映了太白山森林群落与环境因子的关系，研究表明，海拔、坡度、枯落物厚度和干扰情况4个变量对本研究区群落分布有显著影响。（3）位于中海拔区域森林群落的3种总体多样性指数均较高，而位于高海拔和低海拔区域森林群落的3种总体多样性指数相对较低。     

喜马拉雅东部雅鲁藏布江大峡湾地区热带森林植被的次生演替规律初探

对雅鲁藏布江大峡弯河谷地区热带森林植被情况进行了调查分析。论述了造成该地区热带植被概况及其被破坏的自然因素和人为因素。并对该地区植被在次生演替的各个时期植被种类成分的变化,群落结构,建群种生长速度等进行比较研究,结果如下：Ａ．自然因素导致的次生演替主要经历了下列６个价段：（１）尼泊尔桤木（Ａｌｎｕｓｎｅｐｏｌｅｎｓｉｓ）阶段;（２）尼泊尔桤术单优群落阶段;（３）原生植被主要树种侵入阶段;（４）尼泊尔桤木林衰退阶段;（５）原生植被恢复阶段;（６）原生植被建立阶段。Ｂ．人为因素导致的次生演替主要经历有下列５个阶段：（１）高大禾草或热带高草阶段;（２）野芭蕉侵入生长阶段;（３）喜阳树种侵入或恢复生长阶段;（４）杂木林阶段;（５）原生植被恢复及建立阶段。最后讨论了植被次生演替规律对自然植物区系的影响和对治理山地,保护该地区生物多样性,合理利用资源及发展生产的重要性及意义。     

福建武夷山甜槠群落能量的研究

在生物量、生产力研究基础上,对武夷山甜槠（Ｃａｓｔａｎｏｐｓｉｓ ｅｙｒｅｉ（Ｃｈａｍ ｐ．ｅｘ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．） Ｔｕｔｃｈ．）群落各组分的热值、群落能量现存量、能量年净固定量以及太阳能转化效率进行了研究。结果表明：（１）甜槠群落各组分样品的干重热值具有一定的差异,树皮热值最高,细根热值最低。（２）甜槠群落的能量现存量达７８０５８４．１ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２,其中地上部分为６７８９１３．８ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２,占总量的８６．９８％ ;地下部分为１０１６７０．３ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２,占１３．０２％ 。（３）甜槠群落的能量年净固定量（１９９２年）为２６８５６．２ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２·ａ－ １,林地太阳光合有效辐射能的转化效率为１．２９６％ 。     

深圳河口福田泥滩海洋线虫的种类组成及季节变化

１９９７年４个季度在深圳河口福田泥滩３个取样站采到海洋线虫２８种,隶属于３目１３科２２属。优势种是微口线虫（Ｔｅｒｓｃｈｅｌｌｉｎｇｉａ ｓｐｌ．）、蚕咽线虫（Ｄａｐｔｏｎｅｍａ ｓｐ１．）、Ｍｅｔａｌｉｎｈｏｍｏｅｕｓ ｓｐ．和拟齿线虫（Ｐａｒａｄｏｎｔｏｐｈｏｒａ ｓｐ．）４种。春季海洋线虫密度最高,冬季次之,夏季第三,秋季最低。深圳河口福田泥滩的海洋线虫群落与大型底栖动物群落具有相似的特点,     

人为干扰对闽北森林群落物种多样性的影响

本文从群落及其组成结构等方面分析了闽北长期封禁保护的森林（ｃｏｎｓｅｒｖｅｄｆｏｒｅｓｔ,ＣＦ）和人为干扰后的退化森林（ｄｅｇｒａｄｅｄｆｏｒｅｓｔ,ＤＦ）群落物种多样性,结果认为,ＤＦ群落的植物物种丰富度和ＳｈａｎｎｏｎＷｉｅｎｅｒ指数与ＣＦ群落相近或略高,但ＤＦ群落植物种类组成和层次结构的物种多样性发生明显变化,群落物种种群基础已改变,稀有种和渐危种缺乏,这正是ＤＦ与ＣＦ群落物种多样性的本质差异。     

小生境对硅藻群落组成的影响

通过对长白山区一个冷水泉中的硅藻群落组成的研究,分析了微量元素与硅藻群落的关系。经研究认为：１．小型等片藻（Ｄｉａｔｏｍａｍｅｓｏｄｏｎ（Ｅｈｒ．）Ｋｕｔｚ．）的大量存在与该水体周围有大量浮石有关;２．短缝藻属（Ｅｕｎｏｔｉａ）、羽纹藻属（Ｐｉｎｎｕｌａｒｉａ）、异极藻属（Ｇｏｍｐｈｏｎｅｍａ）等的存在与水体中铁含量有关;３．小型等片藻应属于贫盐型中的喜盐性种,而其它一些属种,如Ｅｕｎｏｔｉａ、Ｔａｂｅｌａｒｉａｆｌｏｃｕｌｏｓａ及Ｐｉｎｎｕｌａｒｉａ应属于贫盐型中的嫌盐种。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.