首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
青藏高原主要植被类型生物生产量的比较研究   总被引:45,自引:4,他引:45       下载免费PDF全文
以18种群落类型的实测为数据和1013块森林测树样地的估算数据为基础,首次系统地分析和比较了青藏高原主要植被类型生物生产量的构成规律及分布格局。亚高山暗针叶 生物量一般在300t/hm^2以上,最高可达约1600t/hm^2,叶生物量8~39t/hm^2,根茎比0.1~0.2,生产量8~13t/hm^2.a;高山灌丛类型生物量20~40t/hm^2,叶生物量3~6t/hm^2,根茎比0.4~0.8  相似文献   

2.
在掌握典型荒漠植物油蒿化学计量学特征沿随降水量变化的响应特征,并从叶片间的养分协调分配的角度阐明油蒿维持生产力的生物学机制,为气候变化背景下荒漠植被的演变预测提供依据。通过野外降水控制实验的方法,设置6个降水量梯度(减雨70%、减雨50%、减雨30%、自然降水、增雨30%和增雨50%),分别测定不同降水量下油蒿群落生产力及叶片、土壤的化学计量参数。结果表明:1)降水量增加的情况下,油蒿群落土壤TP含量由于淋溶作用而显著降低;降水量减少情况下,油蒿林地土壤SOC、TN、TP含量并未改变。油蒿叶片的SOC、TN含量在降水增加时无显著变化、降水减少时含量增加,降水过多或过少都会降低叶片TP含量。2)不同成熟度的叶片养分元素含量对降水变化具有差异响应。成熟叶片养分含量容易受到环境的影响,幼叶养分元素含量较为稳定,在降水减少的情况下,油蒿优先将C、P分配给了幼叶,选择牺牲成熟叶以维持幼叶的生长。3)油蒿的生产力随降水量的增加而升高,油蒿ANPP在增雨30%处理组达到最大值,但在增雨50%时ANPP降低,这与过量的降水引发土壤养分流失有关。ANPP与幼叶TP含量相关性极显著,与成熟叶各元素含量相关性均不显著,由此可以推测,在降水变化的情境下,油蒿存在养分内在生物学调节机制以实现植株最优生产效率。  相似文献   

3.
    
Heterospory was a pivotal evolutionary innovation for land plants, but it has never been clear why it evolved. We used the geographic distributions of 114 species of the heterosporous lycophyte Selaginella to explore the functional ecology of microspore and megaspore size, traits that would be correlated with many aspects of a species’ regeneration niche. We characterized habitats at a global scale using leaf area index (LAI), a measure of foliage density and thus shading, and net primary productivity (NPP), a measure of growth potential. Microspore size tends to decrease as habitat LAI and NPP increase, a trend that could be related to desiccation resistance or to filtration of wind‐borne particles by leaf surfaces. Megaspore size tends to increase among species that inhabit regions of high LAI, but there is an important interaction with NPP. This geographical pattern suggests that larger megaspores provide an establishment advantage in shaded habitats, although in open habitats, where light is less limiting, higher productivity of the environment seems to give an advantage to species with smaller megaspores. These results support previous theoretical arguments that heterospory was originally an adaptation to the increasing height and density of Devonian vegetative canopies that accompanied the diversification of vascular plants with leaves.  相似文献   

4.
青藏高原是我国乃至全世界的“气候变化实验室”,在气候变化驱动下,青藏高原植被净初级生产力(NPP)发生了显著变化。本研究利用归一化植被指数、数字高程、年降水量和年气温等数据,探究2000—2020年青藏高原植被NPP的时空变化特征及其与气候因子的关系。结果表明: 2000—2020年,青藏高原植被NPP呈显著增加趋势,NPP增加速率为1.67 g C·m-2·a-1。青藏高原植被NPP空间分布表现为从东南向西北逐渐递减,该分布格局与气温、降水量的空间分布格局基本吻合。植被NPP与气温和降水量变化显著正相关。暖湿化气候变化趋势是促进植被NPP显著增加的重要动力,如果气候持续更暖更湿,青藏高原植被NPP将会持续增加。  相似文献   

5.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
We compared phosphorus (P) dynamics and plant productivity in two montane tropical rain forests (Mount Kinabalu, Borneo) that derived from similar parent materials (largely sedimentary rocks) and had similar climates but differed in terms of soil age. The younger site originated from Quaternary colluvial deposits, whereas the older site had Tertiary-age material. The older site had a distinctive spodic horizon, reduced levels of labile inorganic soil P, higher concentrations of recalcitrant organic soil P, and lower rates of net soil N mineralization. P fertilization led to soil nitrogen (N) immobilization in the P-deficient soil, indicating that soil N mineralization was limited by P at the P-deficient older site. Mean foliar nutrient concentration (on both a weight and an area basis) was similar at the two sites for all elements except P, which was lower at the older site. Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) was lower at the older site than at the younger one; this difference could be explained by the reduced availability of P and N (as down-regulated by P) at the older site. The relatively ample allocation of P and N to leaves, despite the reduced availability at the P-deficient old site, was attributable to its high resorption efficiency. High resorption resulted in lower concentrations of elements in leaf litter—that is, less decomposable low-quality litter. On the other hand, the concentration of leaf litter lignin was considerably lower at the older site; this appeared to be a de facto adaptive mechanism to avoid retarding litter decomposition.  相似文献   

6.
黄土高原草地净初级生产力时空趋势及其驱动因素   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
草地净初级生产力是生态系统碳循环的关键环节和重要组成部分.本研究使用分段线性回归分析和Pearson相关分析,分析了黄土高原2000-2015年间土地利用类型未改变的草地净初级生产力(NPP)的变化趋势及气候核心因子(年降水量、年强降水量、年有效降水日数、年平均温度、年最高温度、年最低温度)对NPP变化的影响,并借助增...  相似文献   

7.
羌塘高原高寒草地生态系统生产力动态   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
基于实测气象数据和遥感数据,分析了藏北地区气候变化趋势,并采用植被 气候综合模型和CASA模型模拟分析了藏北草地潜在和现实净第一性生产力(NPP)的动态变化和空间格局.结果表明:1955—2004年间,羌塘高原年平均气温上升了1.37 ℃,降水量增加了63 mm,中、东部区域的气候趋于暖湿化,西部区域趋于暖干化,目前气候变化尚未引起草地退化.草地潜在NPP平均值为东部 > 中部 > 西部.1982—2004年,由于水热条件的变化,中部区域的潜在NPP增加值最高,达0.55 t·hm-2·a1,东部和西部分别为0.51和0.21 t·hm-2·a-1;东、中、西部现实NPP增量分别为-0.19、-0.03 和0.20 t·hm-2·a-1.超载过牧是东、中部草地退化的主要原因,中部是草地保护恢复工程的最佳实施区域.  相似文献   

8.
    
Accurate estimation of gross primary production (GPP) of ecosystem is needed to evaluate terrestrial carbon cycle at various spatial and temporal scales. Eddy covariance (EC) technique provides continuous measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and can be used to separate GPP from NEE in real time series. However, seasonal and inter-annual variation and consequently ecosystem carbon budget is still very difficult to simulate from climatic and environment. To address this limitation, we develop a growing season indicator (GSI) based on low temperature and soil water stress to model and predict intra and inter-annual dynamic of gross primary productivity (GPP). Validation of this new index was conducted using continuous six-year consective EC measurement from 2004 to 2009 at a Tibetan alpine meadow. Simulated GPP agreed well with the observed GPP in terms of seasonal and inter-annual variation. The six-year correlation coefficients on seasonal scale between GSI and scalar GPP derived from EC reached more than 0.85 no matter in dry years or wet years. In addition, the temporal GPP estimation derived from GSI model was quite similar to those from observed values by EC measurement. Moreover, accumulated GSI values can predict annual variability of net ecosystem production (NEP). Higher yearly accumulated GSI corresponded to more annual NEP. When cumulative GSI arrived up to 92, the target ecosystem was a carbon sink. This is probably a threshold which Tibetan alpine meadow changes from carbon source to carbon sink. It is indicated that the GSI model is a simple, alternative approach to estimating GPP and has the potential to simulate spatial GPP in a larger scale. However, the performance of GSI model in other vegetation types or regions still needs a further verification.  相似文献   

9.
对电网工程沿线区域的生态系统服务功能进行评价是规避和降低工程对沿线区域生态破坏的重要前提。本研究选取水源涵养、水土保持、防风固沙、生物多样性保护等4项生态系统服务功能为主体,基于遥感与GIS技术对藏东南地区生态系统服务功能的重要性进行评价,在此基础上分析了不同电网工程标段影响区的生态系统服务功能重要性。结果表明:藏东南地区生态系统服务功能重要性总体上呈现出"东西部高、中部低"的空间分布格局,极重要区面积为74843 km2,占区域总面积的18.47%,主要分布在藏东南的森林区,包括澜沧江沿线及其以东地区、雅鲁藏布江沿线及错那县、墨脱县南部。藏中联网工程东、西两端标段影响区内的生态系统服务功能重要性相对较高,在施工过程中应根据影响区内主导的生态系统服务功能分布状况采取相应措施加强生态环境保护。本研究方法可为其他输电工程的设计和施工提供生态标准及科学依据。  相似文献   

10.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Climate projections from 20 downscaled global climate models (GCMs) were used with the 3‐PG model to predict the future productivity and water use of planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) growing across the southeastern United States. Predictions were made using Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5. These represent scenarios in which total radiative forcing stabilizes before 2100 (RCP 4.5) or continues increasing throughout the century (RCP 8.5). Thirty‐six sites evenly distributed across the native range of the species were used in the analysis. These sites represent a range in current mean annual temperature (14.9–21.6°C) and precipitation (1,120–1,680 mm/year). The site index of each site, which is a measure of growth potential, was varied to represent different levels of management. The 3‐PG model predicted that aboveground biomass growth and net primary productivity will increase by 10%–40% in many parts of the region in the future. At cooler sites, the relative growth increase was greater than at warmer sites. By running the model with the baseline [CO2] or the anticipated elevated [CO2], the effect of CO2 on growth was separated from that of other climate factors. The growth increase at warmer sites was due almost entirely to elevated [CO2]. The growth increase at cooler sites was due to a combination of elevated [CO2] and increased air temperature. Low site index stands had a greater relative increase in growth under the climate change scenarios than those with a high site index. Water use increased in proportion to increases in leaf area and productivity but precipitation was still adequate, based on the downscaled GCM climate projections. We conclude that an increase in productivity can be expected for a large majority of the planted loblolly pine stands in the southeastern United States during this century.  相似文献   

11.
Eight forest sites representing a large range of climate, vegetation, and productivity were sampled in a transect across Oregon to study the relationships between aboveground stand characteristics and soil microbial properties. These sites had a range in leaf area index of 0.6 to 16 m2 m–2 and net primary productivity of 0.3 to 14 Mg ha–1 yr–1.Measurements of soil and forest floor inorganic N concentrations and in situ net N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, and soil respiration were made monthly for one year. Microbial biomass C and anaerobic N mineralization, an index of N availability, were also measured. Annual mean concentrations of NH 4 + ranged from 37 to 96 mg N kg–1 in the forest floor and from 1.7 to 10.7 mg N kg–1 in the mineral soil. Concentrations of NO 3 were low ( < 1 mg N kg–1) at all sites. Net N mineralization and nitrification, as measured by the buried bag technique, were low on most sites and denitrification was not detected at any site. Available N varied from 17 to 101 mg N kg–1, microbial biomass C ranged from 190 to 1230 mg Ckg–1, and soil respiration rates varied from 1.3 to 49 mg C kg–1 day–1 across these sites. Seasonal peaks in NH 4 + concentrations and soil respiration rates were usually observed in the spring and fall.The soils data were positively correlated with several aboveground variables, including leaf area index and net primary productivity, and the near infrared-to-red reflectance ratio obtained from the airborne simulator of the Thematic Mapper satellite. The data suggest that close relationships between aboveground productivity and soil microbial processes exist in forests approaching semi-equilibrium conditions.Abbreviations IR infrared - LAI leaf area index - k c proportion of microbial biomass C mineralized to CO2 - NPP net primary productivity - TM Thematic Mapper  相似文献   

12.
罗洢雯  马宁  张永强 《生态学报》2025,45(11):5541-5556
青藏高原是我国的生态安全屏障。气候变化和人类活动背景下,青藏高原植被变化显著,整体呈\"变绿\"之势。然而,前人关于全球尺度的植被变化研究发现,不同卫星遥感产品得到的叶面积指数(LAI)之大小和变化趋势皆存在较大差异。因此,揭示青藏高原植被时空变化格局的不确定性,不仅是科学评估寒区生态系统如何响应气候变化的前提,还可为未来减小对地卫星观测误差提供参考。据此,研究聚焦青藏高原植被条件较好的东部河源区,揭示三种长时间序列LAI数据产品(GIMMS、GLASS和GLOBMAP)在表征LAI多年均值和变化趋势的异同。就多年均值而言,研究区内三种LAI产品的相对不确定性达到26.19%;在生长季三个阶段中,生长季初期的相对不确定性最大,为32.7%。就1982-2018年间的变化而言,GLOBMAP和GLASS相对增大了25.05%和20.24%,而GIMMS 的相对变化仅为3.85%,亦即GLOBMAP和GLASS的\"绿化\"现象最为明显。对1982-2018年间整个生长季、生长季初期和中期的LAI而言,三种产品变化方向不完全一致的面积占研究区总面积的60%,这一面积比例在生长季末期甚至超过了75%。在各下垫面类型中,草原的LAI相对不确定性最大,平均为37.7%;而森林LAI变化方向不完全一致的比例最大,超过了森林总面积的60%。在缺少大面积实测LAI地面\"真值\"的情况下,虽然并未揭示具体何种LAI产品精度最高,但结果对学术界有重要启示:在研究植被变化对生态、水文和气候之影响时,需谨慎使用某单独的LAI产品,否则可能得到相反的科学认知。在未来高分辨率卫星观测和人工智能等先进手段的辅助下,LAI产品的不确定性有望进一步减小,这需要遥感、测绘、生态、地理等多学科的共同努力。  相似文献   

13.
    
The reestablishment of productive forests over mining waste and overburden is a primary reclamation goal in oil sands mining in Northern Alberta, Canada. Soil water conditions in coarse‐textured soils can be limiting to forest growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that textural variability may have on plant‐available water and concomitant forest productivity on coarse‐textured reclamation soils. The ecophysiological and biogeochemical processes model, Biome‐BGC (Thornton et al., Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 113: 185–222, 2002), was employed to simulate forest dynamics. The water flow sub‐model in Biome‐BGC was replaced by a field‐validated physically based formulation for transient unsaturated water flow. The modified model was assessed using validated physiological parameters, and model predictions were compared with measurements of aboveground biomass dynamics for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb), white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss], and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). The modified Biome‐BGC model was then used to evaluate the response of leaf area index and net primary production to available water holding capacity on texturally variable, coarse‐textured soils. The results indicate that textural variability could increase the available water holding capacity within a 1‐m profile of coarse‐textured soil by 8 to 16 mm. This enhanced available water holding capacity could increase forest leaf area index by 0·3 to 0·8 and net primary production by 14–30% depending on the specific soil texture and tree species. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
1981~2000年中国陆地生态系统碳通量的年际变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
应用一个生物地球化学模型(CEVSA)估算了中国陆地净初级生产力 (NPP)、土壤异养呼吸(HR)和净生态系统生产力 (NEP) 在1981~1998年期间对气候和大气CO2浓度变化的动态响应.结果显示,全国NPP总量波动于2.89~3.37 Gt C/a之间,平均值为3.09 Gt C/a,年平均增长趋势约为0.32%.HR总量变化范围为2.89~3.21 Gt C/a,平均值为3.02 Gt C/a, 年均增长0.40%.NEP总量变动于 -0.32和0.25 Gt C/a之间,在统计上没有明显的年际变化趋势.在研究时段内,年平均NEP约为0.07 Gt C/a,表明中国陆地生态系统在气候与大气CO2浓度变化的条件下吸收了碳,为碳汇,总的吸收量为1.22 Gt C,约占全球碳吸收总量的10%,与同期内美国由大气CO2和气候变化所产生的碳吸收量大致相当.尽管由于较高的年际变率,NEP在统计上没有明显的变化趋势,但NPP的增长率低于HR的增长率,说明在研究时段内,中国陆地生态系统的吸碳能力由于气候变化降低了.全国大多数地区年平均NEP接近零,明显的NEP正值区(即碳汇)出现在东北平原、西藏东南部和黄淮平原等地区,而大小兴安岭、黄土高原和云贵高原等地区NEP为负值(即碳源).研究认为,1981~1998年期间中国气候温暖、干旱,因此估算的NEP可能低于其他时段.如果气候进入一个比较湿润的时期,碳吸收量可显著增加,但若当前干旱和暖化趋势以此为继,中国的NEP可能会变成一个负值.  相似文献   

15.
秦岭山地植被净初级生产力及对气候变化的响应   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
基于1999~2009年的NDVI数据和气象数据,利用CASA模型对秦岭山地植被净初级生产力(Net primary productivity,NPP)进行模拟估算,并分析了秦岭NPP的时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:1999~2009年11年间秦岭山地的平均年NPP为542.24 gC·m-2·a-1;研究期内秦岭NPP呈显著增长趋势(P<0.01),2008年最高(718.77 gC·m-2·a-1),2001年最低(471.78 gC·m-2·a-1);四季对全年NPP的贡献率大小依次为夏季(49.90%)>春季(26.16%)>秋季(18.87%)>冬季(5.07%);月NPP与温度和降水都显著相关,但与温度的相关性更高,月水平上温度对NPP的影响比降水大;生长季期间NPP与温度和降水的相关性在空间分布上都以正相关为主。  相似文献   

16.
1981—2000年中国陆地生态系统碳通量的年际变化   总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26  
应用一个生物地球化学模型(CEVSA)估算了中国陆地净初级生产力(NPP)、土壤异养呼吸(HR)和净生态系统生产力(NEP)在1981—1998年期间对气候和大气CO2浓度变化的动态响应。结果显示,全国NPP总量波动于2.89—3.37Gt/a之间,平均值为3.09Gt C/a,年平均增长趋势约为0.32%。HR总量变化范围为2.89—3.21Gt C/a,平均值为3.02Gt C/a,年均增长0.40%。NEP总量变动于-0.32和0.25Gt C/a之间,在统计上没有明显的年际变化趋势。在研究时段内,年平均NEP约为0.07Gt C/a,表明中国陆地生态系统在气候与大气CO2浓度变化的条件下吸收了碳,为碳汇,总的吸收量为1.22Gt C,约占全球碳吸收总量的10%,与同期内美国由大气CO2和气候变化所产生的碳吸收量大致相当。尽管由于较高的年际变率,NEP在统计上没有明显的变化趋势,但NPP的增长率低于HR的增长率,说明在研究时段内,中国陆地生态系统的吸碳能力由于气候变化降低了。全国大多数地区年平均NEP接近零,明显的NEP正值区(即碳汇)出现在东北平原、西藏东南部和黄淮平原等地区,而大小兴安岭、黄土高原和云贵高原等地区NEP为负值(即碳源)。研究认为,1981~1998年期间中国气候温暖、干旱,因此估算的NEP可能低于其他时段。如果气候进入一个比较湿润的时期,碳吸收量可显著增加,但若当前干旱和暖化趋势以此为继,中国的NEP可能会变成一个负值。  相似文献   

17.
黑龙江省陆地生态系统固碳能力较强且易受气候变化影响,分析该区域陆地生态系统碳收支的时空格局及气候变化影响,对提升黑龙江省生态系统固碳功能具有重要意义。本研究基于1961—2022年气候数据和叶面积指数数据,采用生态系统碳循环BEPS模型,定量模拟黑龙江省陆地生态系统净初级生产力(NPP)和净生态系统生产力(NEP),并进行气候影响评估。结果表明: BEPS模型能够模拟黑龙江省固碳能力。1961—2022年,研究区植被固碳能力增强,其中,NPP年均增加1.5 g C·m-2,2010年之后增强趋势更显著,年均增加7.5 g C·m-2,森林生态系统固碳能力最强,农田生态系统固碳能力增长最显著。在气候变暖的背景下,最低温度、降水量和风速显著影响黑龙江省固碳能力,其中,降水量是最主要的影响因子。研究期间,降水与黑龙江省固碳量的相关系数总体增加,且相对贡献率最高,为46.1%,降水对于植被NEP的相对贡献率为67.1%。  相似文献   

18.
19.
定量评价人类活动对净初级生产力的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以人类活动为主导的城市扩张和土地覆被变化对城市生态环境产生了重要影响,并与气候变化共同影响植被净初级生产力(NPP),但目前从时空尺度上脱离气候干扰仅以人类活动为主导因素来定量分析其对植被NPP影响的研究尚不充分.本研究以广州市为研究区,利用CASA模型估算2001—2013年实际净初级生产力(NPPact),结合CHIKUGO模型估算得到的潜在净初级生产力(NPPp)计算因土地覆被变化导致的NPP损失(NPPlulc),并建立相对贡献指数(RCI)定量分析和评价在城市扩张过程中人类活动对NPP的影响.结果表明:2001—2013年间,广州总体及其5片区NPPact和NPPlulc分别呈减少和增加趋势,并存在明显的空间差异性;RCI呈明显增加趋势,东北片区RCI值最低,为0.31,表明气候变化是其NPP变化的主要原因,其他4个片区的RCI值均高于0.5,说明4个片区人为干扰严重,人类活动是其NPP减少的主导因素;广州市及其5片区的RCI变化斜率均大于0,人类活动对植被的干扰逐年增强,北部片区RCI变化斜率值最大(0.693),人为干扰增加趋势最明显.  相似文献   

20.
    
Crops losses to tropospheric ozone (O3) in the United States are estimated to cost $1–3 billion annually. This challenge is expected to increase as O3 concentrations ([O3]) rise over the next half century. This study tested the hypothesis that there is cultivar variation in the antioxidant, photosynthetic and yield response of soybean to growth at elevated [O3]. Ten cultivars of soybean were grown at elevated [O3] from germination through maturity at the Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment facility in 2007 and six were grown in 2008. Photosynthetic gas exchange, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, fluorescence and antioxidant capacity were monitored during the growing seasons in order to determine if changes in these parameters could be used to predict the sensitivity of seed yield to elevated [O3]. Doubling background [O3] decreased soybean yields by 17%, but the variation in response among cultivars and years ranged from 8 to 37%. Chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters were positively correlated with seed yield, while antioxidant capacity was negatively correlated with photosynthesis and seed yield, suggesting a trade‐off between antioxidant metabolism and carbon gain. Exposure response curves indicate that there has not been a significant improvement in soybean tolerance to [O3] in the past 30 years.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号