渭河河道菊科植物资源调查与分析

通过实地调查、查阅文献等方法,研究了渭河菊科植物资源的种类、分布、观赏特性和生态特性等。结果表明:渭河河道菊科植物资源丰富,调查到的菊科植物共有49属85种,从中筛选出分布频率25%以上的种共21种,分析其观赏价值、生态价值以及开发利用前景,提出其在园林应用、生态改善、药用三个方面进行合理开发利用的建议。     

庐山野生观赏灌木植物组成及景观应用

通过多年野外调查和查阅相关文献资料, 探讨庐山野生观赏灌木的组成。并统计整理出野生观赏灌木199 种,隶属于43 科、93 属, 提出了庐山观赏灌木的优势科、属; 按植物观赏部位的不同将观赏灌木划分为4 种类型。根据性状、观赏价值、适应能力、景观应用等特征, 筛选出105 种园林应用较好的野生观赏灌木, 并就该地野生观赏灌木保护利用提出了建议。     

广东唇柱苣苔属观赏植物资源调查分析

对广东省内的唇柱苣苔属植物资源进行调查,筛选出8个具有较高观赏价值的种类,并对其资源分布及观赏特性进行详细介绍,初步分析推广应用中的困难。     

粤东山区山茶科植物资源及其开发利用初探

粤东山区山茶科植物有10属56种8变种2变型,主要集中于山茶属和柃木属,具有丰富的种质资源。山茶科具有园林观赏、药用、用材、经济原料等多种用途。山茶属、石笔木属、木荷属、大头茶属植物有较高的观赏价值,但目前在园林应用上较少。柃木属和山茶属植物又是重要的蜜源植物。研究这些植物的生物学特性和生态学特性,建立野生资源的种质库,筛选和培育优良品种,在园林上推广应用,发挥粤东地区的区位优势,生产出优质的茶油和茶蜜,将有力地促进经济发展。     

湖南小溪国家级自然保护区野生观赏植物资源初步研究

实地调查了小溪国家级自然保护区内的野生观赏植物资源的种类、生活习性、利用价值及现状。结果表明,小溪自然保护区的野生观赏植物资源十分丰富,有81科171属519种及变种。蔷薇科、菊科等10科植物含有10种以上的植物,为该区的优势类群。对其中具有一定代表性、开发利用潜力较大的40种植物的生活型及供观赏的主要特征、花(果)期、生境、其他用途等进行了扼要描述。就如何充分合理地开发和保护野生观赏资源提出了建议。     

广东翁源青云山自然保护区野生地被植物资源及其园林应用

对青云山自然保护区内野生植物资源进行调查,筛选出观赏价值较高的野生地被植物173种(含变种),隶属79科139属,其中蕨类植物34种1变种,种子植物136种2变种。按照生活型分类,保护区有草本地被126种,矮灌木地被24种,藤本地被23种。根据观赏特性可将筛选出的野生地被植物分为观花、观叶、观果3类;根据地被植物的园林应用形式可分为空旷地地被、坡地地被、林缘与疏林地被、密林林下地被4个类型。文中针对青云山野生地被植物资源现状提出合理的保护和开发利用建议。     

广西园林藤本植物的筛选研究

该文报道了广西藤本植物资源概况与园林藤本植物筛选研究成果,简要介绍了广西藤本植物的种质资源及资源藤本植物利用现状,经过引种和调查选择,收集观赏藤本植物62种,通过配置应用试验和决选评价,决选出适合于城市园林建设的10个花卉品种,21个垂直绿化品种,3个地被植物品种。     

杭州西湖风景区野生观赏蕨类植物资源调查及其开发利用

通过资料查阅与实地调查相结合,对杭州西湖风景区野生观赏蕨类植物资源进行调查研究.发现具有较高观赏价值的野生观赏蕨类植物资源18科38属67种;同时按照观赏用途将这些植物应用到园林绿化、盆栽观赏、盆景配置、切花配叶等;最后讨论了这些野生观赏蕨类的保护和开发利用.     

贵州北盘江流域观赏兰科植物及其功能群研究

为科学保护和合理开发贵州北盘江流域野生兰科(Orchidaceae)植物资源,科学筛选高观赏价值兰科植物并探究其环境适应特征,该文以贵州省北盘江流域分布的兰科植物为研究对象,基于层次分析法筛选出具有较高观赏价值的种类,并使用聚类和冗余分析明确不同环境条件下的植物功能群物种组成。结果表明：(1)研究区兰科植物共74属249种(含变种),在水平空间分布上有2个密集区,分别是望谟县与紫云县交界片区和盘州市西部片区;在垂直空间分布上,随海拔变化呈“中间膨胀型”分布,以800～1 600 m范围为主。(2)研究区观赏兰科植物可划分为三大等级,第一级为开发优等级,共51种兰科植物,第二级为开发储备级,共170种,第三级的28种观赏价值较低,没有作为观赏植物开发的必要。(3)研究区开发优等级的观赏兰科植物可划分为低海拔喜荫非石灰岩山地功能群、低海拔喜阳石灰岩山地功能群、中海拔喜荫石灰岩山地功能群和高海拔喜阳非石灰岩山地功能群4类,不同功能群间兰科植物适应环境类型差异较大。综上表明,对贵州北盘江流域观赏兰科植物的筛选和生态功能群的划分,为今后园林应用、科学保护、引种驯化开发、野外回归等研究提供了一定参...     

陇东地区杀虫植物资源的研究初报

室内测定了采自甘肃陇东地区的136种植物样品的提取物对6种农业害虫的生物活性,筛选出了对试虫有50%以上生物活性的植物35种,其中豆科5种,菊科4种,茄科3种,其余各科不足3种,通过综合分析,认为骆驼蓬,苦豆子等10余种植物具有明显地开发应用价值。     

The Phylogenetic Association Between Salt Tolerance and Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulation in Angiosperms

Salt tolerance and heavy metal hyperaccumulation are two rare plant abilities that are heavily studied for their potential to contribute to agricultural sustainability and phytoremediation in response to anthropogenic environmental change. Several observations suggest that it is worth investigating the link between the abilities to tolerate high levels of soil salinity or accumulate more of a particular heavy metal from the soil than most plants. Firstly, several angiosperm families are known to contain both salt tolerant plants (halophytes) and heavy metal hyperaccumulators. Secondly, some halophytes can also accumulate heavy metals. Thirdly, although salinity tolerance and heavy metal hyperaccumulation typically require many physiological or anatomical changes, both have apparently evolved many times in angiosperms and among closely related species. We test for a significant relationship between halophytes and hyperaccumulators in angiosperms using taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses. We test whether there are more angiosperm families with both halophytes and hyperaccumulators than expected by chance, and whether there are more species identified as both halophyte and hyperaccumulator than if the abilities were unconnected. We also test whether halophytes and hyperaccumulators are phylogenetically clustered among species in seven angiosperm families. We find a significant association between halophytes and hyperaccumulators among angiosperm families and that there are significantly more species identified as both halophytes and hyperaccumulators than expected. Halophytes and hyperaccumulators each show low phylogenetic clustering, suggesting these abilities can vary among closely related species. In Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae, halophytes and hyperaccumulators are more closely related than if the two traits evolved independently.     

福建连城县野生观赏花木资源筛选与开发利用

调查显示,福建连城县共有野生观赏植物61种,其中乔灌花木44种,地被藤本花卉17种。根据对其观赏价值进行比较,筛选出观赏价值较高的乔灌花木优势种类16个,地被及藤本花木优势种类6个,对优势种类性状特征及花果特点作了描述,分析其应用价值及配置形式,并根据创建生态旅游度假型城镇要求,提出开发应用野生观赏花木资源、促进园林生态建设可持续发展的对策措施。     

华南野牡丹科野生花卉种质资源的收集和繁殖

野牡丹科植物主要分布于热带亚热带地区,其中不乏许多有观赏价值的野生花卉.为了发掘其观赏方面的价值,本项目在华南地区调查和引种的基础上,进行了初步地繁殖和示范栽培工作.并从中选出了几个有较大观赏价值的种类供今后开发利用.     

Specific network and phylosymbiosis pattern in endophyte community of coastal halophytes

Halophytes colonize stressed environments of high salinity. Endophytic symbionts improve growth performance and thus adaptability of host plants in stressed environments. Nevertheless, studies focused on the distribution and assembly patterns of fungal endophyte assemblages of halophytes in high salinity environments are limited. We selected 27 common non-mangrove halophytes across 4 geographic sites along the eastern coastline of China for our investigation on endophyte assemblages. We found a significant amount of basidiomycetous fungi in the endophyte assemblage. The endophyte community compositions were significantly affected by plant species and geographic locations. Some halophyte hosts showed significant preference for endophytic fungi in host preference analysis. The network structures of host-microbe bipartite graphs at each site had low connection and were highly nested, modular and specialized. Current results also indicated significant correlation and congruency between host phylogeny and compositions of endophyte local communities and meta-community. Our research showed that host is the dominant factor shaping the fungal endophytic communities in aerial tissues of halophytes in high salinity environments, and the host influence on endophytic community relates to plant phylogeny.     

中国的盐生植物

本文主要讨论了有关中国盐生植物的五个方面的问题：（１）中国盐生植物的种类；（２）中国盐生植物的类型；（３）中国盐生植物的植被类型；（４）世界盐生植物名录中漏录的中国盐生植物；（５）中国盐生植物的经济潜势。最后还讨论了我国今后盐生植物研究方向和重点。     

中国的盐生植物

本文主要讨论了有关中国盐生植物的五个方面的问题：(1)中国盐生植物的种类;(2)中国盐生植物的类型;(3)中国盐生植物的植被类型;(4)世界盐生植物名录中漏录的中国盐生植物;(5)中国盐生植物的经济潜势。最后还讨论了我国今后盐生植物研究方向和重点。     

Salt accumulation in vegetative organs and ecological stoichiometry characteristics in typical halophytes in Xinjiang,China

AimsStudying salt accumulation in vegetative organs and carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in halophytes contributes to understand the adaptive strategy to saline environment and the distribution mechanism of nutrients and salinity of the halophytes.MethodsFour typical dominant species, including three perennial shrubs (Halocnemum strobilaceum, Suaeda microphylla and Kalidium foliatum) and an annual herb (Salicornia europaea) were selected for analyzing the salt accumulation and C, N, P stoichiometry relationships.Important findings 1) The salt accumulation showed “salt island” effect at peak growing stage; Na⁺, Cl^- and electrical conductivity all showed significant positive trends, when salt ions were transported from the root to the shoot of 4 halophytes. 2) P was the limiting growth element of perennial shrubs, while both N and P were limiting factors for the annual herb. 3) Different organs, species and their interactions affected C, N, P stoichiometry and salt icons except Mg²⁺. 4) C was negatively correlated with N and P, but there was a significant positive correlation between N and P. 5) Electrical conductivity, Na⁺and K⁺ were positively correlated with N, N:P ratio, and negatively correlated with C, C:N and C:P ratios, and yet K⁺, CO₃^2- had significant positive correlation with P. These results implied that there were some kind of mutual promoting relationships between nutrients and salinity in halophytes in the saline environment, and fertilizing with N could promote sodium chloride desalination.     

新疆典型盐生植物营养器官盐分积累与生态化学计量特征

对盐生植物体内器官盐分积累和碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征的研究, 有助于了解盐生植物养分、盐分的分配机制和其对盐渍环境的适应策略。该文选择新疆4种典型的真盐生植物(3种灌木植物: 盐节木(Halocnemum strobilaceum)、小叶碱蓬(Suaeda microphylla)、盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum), 1种草本植物: 盐角草(Salicornia europaea)为研究对象, 对比研究了它们的根、茎、叶中的盐分积累和C、N、P化学计量特征以及二者间的相关性。结果显示: 1)在生长旺盛期, 4种盐生植物体内盐分积累可形成“盐岛”效应(Na⁺、Cl^-和电导率随盐离子从植物根部向顶端运输过程呈显著增加的趋势)。2) 4种盐生植物中灌木群落的生长主要受到P的限制; 草本群落的生长受N和P (偏P)共同限制。3)器官、物种和二者的交互作用均能影响盐生植物的盐分(除Mg²⁺外)特征和C、N、P生态化学计量特征。4) 4种盐生植物C与N、P之间显著负相关, N与P之间显著正相关。5)盐生植物体内总盐分、Na⁺和K⁺与N、N:P之间呈显著正相关关系, 与C、C:N、C:P之间呈显著负相关关系, 而K⁺和CO₃^2-与P之间却显著正相关。盐生植物体内盐分和养分在应对盐渍环境上存在一定的相互促进关系, 增施N肥有助于盐生植物对氯化物盐渍土的脱盐。这些发现为了解盐渍生境中盐生植物的生理生态适应及盐渍土的改良提供一定的理论依据。     

新疆北部主要盐生植物根部内生细菌群落结构的高通量分析

【目的】揭示同一盐渍环境中不同种盐生植物根部内生细菌群落多样性特征和分布规律,结合根际土壤理化因子探讨其对内生细菌群落结构的影响。【方法】通过罗氏454高通量测序获得内生细菌16S r RNA片段,然后进行生物信息分析。【结果】研究的16种盐生植物其内生细菌群落主要由Proteobacteria、Tenericutes、Actinobacteria和Firmicutes 4个门的细菌组成。从植物"种"的水平来看,不同种盐生植物内生细菌群落存在差异;从植物"属"的水平来看,同一属的盐生植物内生细菌相似;从植物"科"的水平来看,藜科盐生植物内生细菌以Actinobacteria和Proteobacteria门为主;蒺藜科盐生植物内生细菌以Proteobacteria门为主;柽柳科盐生植物内生细菌以Tenericutes门为主;白花丹科盐生植物内生细菌以Proteobacteria、Fimicutes和Actinobacteria门为主。根际土壤中Cl~–含量对盐生植物内生细菌群落变化具有显著影响;而Cl~–、Mg~(2+)和总氮组成的集合与内生细菌群落结构相关性最高。【结论】盐生植物内生细菌多样性丰富。在同一盐渍生境中,盐生植物内生细菌群落分布呈现宿主的种属特异性,根际土壤中Cl~–是影响其内生细菌群落变化的主要驱动因素之一。     

Species, types, distribution, and economic potential of halophytes in China

According to a survey conducted from 1995 to 2004 in the eight regions with salinized soils, China contains 587 halophytes representing 242 genera and 71 families: apart from three species of ferns, all are angiosperms. Physiologically, Chinese halophytes include salt-secreting halophytes, euhalophytes, and pseudohalophytes. Ecologically, Chinese halophytes include zerohalophytes, mesohalophytes, and hydrohalophytes. Chinese halophytes represent a salt-tolerant gene pool that might be used to increase the salt tolerance of conventional crops through breeding, but also have considerable potential as salt-tolerant economic crops providing food, forage, medicine, and industrial material in salinized soils.