完全性葡萄胎和正常胎盘组织中p21的表达

目的研究p21表达与葡萄胎发生的关系。方法取完全性葡萄胎和正常早孕流产标本各30例,用SABC免疫组织化学染色方法,检测p21癌基因在两种组织中的表达,并采用图像分析技术,对正常早孕绒毛组和葡萄胎组织p21癌基因的表达情况进行对比分析。结果与正常绒毛相比,p21癌基因在葡萄胎组织中的表达量没有显著性差异,表达部位有明显不同。结论p21癌基因与完全性葡萄胎的发生密切相关。     

人完全性葡萄胎中c-myc的表达及意义

目的研究c-myc基因在人完全性葡萄胎中的表达及其意义。方法取人完全性葡萄胎30例,正常早孕流产标本10例,用SABC免疫组织化学染色方法,检测c-myc基因在两种组织中的表达情况,并采用图像分析技术,对正常早孕绒毛组和完全性葡萄胎组c-myc的表达情况进行对比分析。结果与正常绒毛相比,c-myc基因在完全性葡萄胎组织中的表达量和表达的空间特异性有明显不同。结论 c-myc基因可能与完全性葡萄胎的发生密切相关。     

印记基因PEG10 在葡萄胎组织中的表达以及意义

目的:通过免疫组化方法,探讨印记基因PEG10在葡萄胎组织中的表达及其在早期鉴别葡萄胎妊娠中的应用价值。方法:选取经病理组织学诊断为完全性葡萄胎、部分性葡萄胎、正常早孕、难免流产的标本共计156例,采用免疫组织化学技术检测PEG10在其中的表达,研究遗传印记基因PEG10在葡萄胎妊娠以及非葡萄胎妊娠中的表达。结果:PEG10在四组蜕膜组织中均有表达,在难免流产组呈弱阳性表达,在正常早孕组呈弱阳性和中度阳性表达,在部分性葡萄胎组中呈中度阳性和强阳性表达,在完全性葡萄胎组中呈强阳性表达。PEG10在葡萄胎妊娠组表达明显增多于非葡萄胎妊娠组,两组比较具有显著性差异(P0.01),部分性葡萄胎组表达增多于难免流产组,两组比较差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论:遗传印记基因PEG10在葡萄胎组织中的表达明显高于正常早期妊娠和难免流产组,PEG10基因表达上调与葡萄胎的发生可能有重要关系,是否可将其用于病理诊断鉴别困难时的辅助手段。     

葡萄胎中MBD2表达及其相关基因甲基化芯片研究

用Real-time RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫组织化学方法分别检测了去甲基化酶MBD2(methyl-CpG-binding domain 2,MBD2)在完全型葡萄胎(complete hydatidiform mole,CHM)和正常早期妊娠绒毛中的表达,用甲基化DNA免疫沉淀MeDIP(methylated DNA immunoprecipitation)-甲基化芯片分析完全型葡萄胎和正常早期妊娠绒毛中相关基因的甲基化情况,用生物信息学分析筛选了差异甲基化基因并进行功能分类。MBD2的mRNA在完全型葡萄胎中的表达明显高于正常早期妊娠绒毛(P=0.0083),Western blot(P=0.0005)和免疫组织化学(P=0.0091)检测到MBD2蛋白表达与Real-time RT-PCR结果一致。结果显示MBD2在完全型葡萄胎中的表达显著高于正常早期妊娠绒毛组织(P<0.01),与正常早期妊娠绒毛组织相比较,完全型葡萄胎组织中相对有89个基因发生了去甲基化,其中85个基因可被映射到基因组图谱中,MBD2在完全型葡萄胎中的高表达及部分基因的去甲基化可能在完全型葡萄胎的发生中扮演了重...     

CXCL10和MMP-13在妊娠滋养细胞疾病滋养细胞中的表达及其临床意义

目的检测妊娠滋养细胞疾病滋养细胞中CXCL10和MMP-13表达情况,探讨其在滋养细胞疾病浸润和转移中的作用。方法采用免疫组织化学Powervision法检测40例早孕绒毛,30例葡萄胎,18例葡萄胎恶变(随访发生恶变),35例滋养细胞肿瘤(28例绒癌,7例胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤)中CXCL10和MMP-13的表达。结果CXCL10和MMP-13在滋养细胞肿瘤中表达阳性率和免疫反应性强度最高;在葡萄胎恶变组中表达阳性率和免疫反应性强度较高,但是低于在滋养细胞肿瘤中的表达阳性率和免疫反应性强度;在葡萄胎组和早孕绒毛组中表达阳性率和免疫强度较低。CXCL10和MMP-13在滋养细胞肿瘤中的表达,年龄<40岁组中表达低于年龄>40岁组;在临床分期分组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)中表达低于临床分期分组(Ⅲ、Ⅳ);在FIGO预后评分分组低危组中表达低于高危组。结论CXCL10和MMP-13在早孕绒毛组织中低表达,而在滋养细胞肿瘤中高表达,提示其可能参与滋养细胞疾病的浸润和转移过程,因此联合检测CXCL10和MMP-13的表达可能对葡萄胎恶变的早期诊断以及对滋养细胞肿瘤的预后评估提供依据。     

EB病毒与子宫颈癌发病的关系

目的 分析EB病毒感染与子宫颈的关系及其对抑癌基因p53表达的影响,探讨EB病毒的致癌机制。方法 采用免疫组织化学S-P法,分别检测59例宫颈鳞癌,19例正常宫颈组织的EB病毒（Epstein-Barr virus,EBV）及抑癌基因p53蛋白的表达情况,并进一步分析宫颈癌组织EBV感染与抑癌基因p53表达的关系。结果 EBV阳性表达率在宫颈癌及正常宫颈组分别为64．4％和21．1％,2组间差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;p53在宫颈癌组织中的阳性表达率为64．4％,明显高于正常宫颈组26．3％,（P〈0．05）。EBV感染与非感染的宫颈癌组织中,p53的阳性表达率分别为78．9％与38．1％,2组间差异有显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 EBV病毒感染与宫颈癌的发病密切相关,但其机制可能是通过影响抑癌基因P53表达而致癌。     

p16、survivin、cyclin D1 在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨抑癌基因p16、细胞周期蛋白cyclin D1和凋亡抑制基因survivin在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及意义。方法:膀胱移行细胞癌组67例,10例正常正常膀胱粘膜作为对照,采用免疫组织化学方法检测p16和cyclin D1、survivin蛋白表达,然后分析上述三种蛋白在膀胱癌组织中的表达情况,以及随着不同临床分期和病理分级表达的变化。结果:所有膀胱癌患者平均年龄58.16岁,其中男性患者38例。免疫组织化学分析表明,p16和cyclin D1、survivin蛋白均表达在细胞的细胞核。膀胱癌组织中P16表达明显低于正常对照组,而cyclin D1和survivin表达明显高于正常对照组。随着临床分期的进展,p16表达明显下降,cyclinD1表达明显上升;而随着膀胱癌病理分级升高,p16表达明显下降,survivin表达上升。此外,膀胱癌组织中,p16与cyclin D1p16之间存在着明确的负相关。结论:p16、cyclin D1、survivin在膀胱移行细胞癌的生物学行为中起重要作用,p16,cyclin D1和survivin与膀胱移行细胞癌的恶性进展有关。     

抑癌基因p53 在肝癌组织中的异常表达及临床意义

目的:探讨抑癌基因p53在肝癌组织中表达及临床意义,为肝癌的治疗提供新的思路。方法:回顾性分析了2006年1月～2009年8月收治的40例肝癌患者的临床资料,采用免疫组织化学法测定肝癌组织、癌旁组织和正常组织中抑癌基因p53的表达,并分析不同肿瘤分化程度患者p53的表达。结果:p53阳性表达率在在肝癌组、癌旁组分别为47.5%和2.5%,在正常组未检测到p53阳性表达,三组之间比较有显著性差异(x2=6.515,P=0.024);高分化癌P53蛋白阳性表达率低,中低分化癌P53蛋白阳性表达率高,组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05),中、低分化组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在肝癌组织中存在p53基因的高表达,其阳性表达与肿瘤分化程度有关。     

线粒体融合素基因-2在正常体重和肥胖乳腺癌患者不同组织中表达的研究

目的研究线粒体融合素基因(mfn2)在正常体重和肥胖乳腺癌患者的不同组织中的表达情况,探讨mfn2基因与乳腺癌发生的关系及评价肥胖与乳腺癌发病的关系。方法采用RT-PCR技术对20例正常体重乳腺癌患者及20例肥胖乳腺癌患者的胸大肌组织,脂肪组织,正常乳腺组织,癌旁组织和癌组织的mfn2的表达水平进行了测定和对比分析。结果两组乳腺癌患者不同组织的mfn2的表达水平有差异。在正常体重组内,胸大肌组织和正常乳腺组织内的表达无显著性差异(P=0.101),但显著高于脂肪组织(P=0.016),高于癌旁组织(P=0.027),高于癌组织(P=0.002)。肥胖组内,胸大肌组织、脂肪组织、正常乳腺组织内的表达无显著性差异(P>0.05),但显著高于癌旁组织(P=0.003),高于癌组织(P=0.001)。两组间比较,mfn2在肥胖组患者的五种组织中的表达较正常体重组均有显著性降低(P<0.05)。结论mfn2基因在癌组织中低表达,且在肥胖患者组织中表达更低,mfn2与乳腺癌的发生有关且肥胖可能增加患乳腺癌的风险。     

检测人老化胎盘组织中miR-182的表达

目的：通过检测miR-182在正常妊娠各期、老化胎盘组织中的表达,探讨miR-182在胎盘发育过程中的调控作用,并同时探讨miR-182与血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）蛋白表达的相关性,为寻找胎盘老化特别是胎盘提前老化发生机制提供依据。方法：采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测42例标本（早孕绒毛和胎盘组织）中miR-182的表达情况。结果：miR-182在正常妊娠早孕绒毛组织、正常妊娠胎盘组织及老化胎盘组织中均表达。miR-182表达水平各个组间比较：早期与中期妊娠组、中期与晚期未足月妊娠组、晚期未足月与晚期足月妊娠组有显著差异（P〈0.05）;胎盘老化组与正常妊娠早期、中期、晚期未足月、晚期足月组有极显著差异（P〈0.01）;妊娠的早期、中期、晚期,miR-182的表达逐渐增多,老化胎盘组织中miR-182高水平表达。结论：miR-182与胎盘老化的发生高度相关,可能在胎盘老化机制中起重要的调控作用。     

葡萄胎与细菌L型感染关系的探讨

本文应用革兰氏染色和免疫组化等技术对110例葡萄胎进行了研究。结果发现28.2％葡萄胎中能检出L型。26/31例免疫组化染色证明葡萄胎组织内亦有L型抗原存在。第1次清宫前有不规则性阴道流血者,其水肿绒毛或蜕膜组织中L型检出率明显高于无流血者,两者有显著性差异(P<0.005)。并讨论了宫腔L型感与葡萄胎发生的可能关系。     

The hydatidiform mole

ABSTRACT

The hydatidiform mole (HM) is a placental pathology of androgenetic origin. Placental villi have an abnormal hyperproliferation event and hydropic degeneration. Three situations can be envisaged at its origin: 1. The destruction/expulsion of the female pronucleus at the time of fertilization by 1 or 2 spermatozoa with the former being followed by an endoreplication of the male pronucleus leading to a complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) 2. A triploid zygote (fertilization by 2 spermatozoa) leading to a partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) but can also lead to haploid and diploid clones. The diploid clone may produce a normal fetus while the haploid clone after endoreplication generates a CHM 3. A nutritional defect during the differentiation of the oocytes or the deterioration of the limited oxygen pressure during the first trimester of gestation may lead to the formation of a HM.

In countries with poor medical health care system, moles (mainly the CHM) can become invasive or, in rare cases, lead to gestational choriocarcinomas.     

A familial case of recurrent hydatidiform molar pregnancies with biparental genomic contribution

Hydatidiform mole is a benign trophoblastic neoplasia characterized by an abnormal development of the embryo and proliferation of placental villi. Using microsatellite markers amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, we have performed a genetic study on eight independent molar tissues occurring in two sisters. Karyotype and genotype data demonstrate a diploid and biparental constitution in seven of the analyzed moles suggesting a common mechanism underlying the etiology of the various molar pregnancies in this family. The data reported here suggest that complete and partial hydatidiform moles are not always separate entities and that women with familial recurrent hydatidiform moles are homozygous for an autosomal recessive mutation. Electronic Publication     

Expression of Fas/Fas ligand by decidual leukocytes in hydatidiform mole

Complete hydatidiform moles are entirely paternally derived and, therefore, represent a complete intrauterine allograft that might be expected to provoke an altered maternal immune response compared with that of normal pregnancy. Uterine decidua contains a large leukocyte population, of which 10%-20% are T lymphocytes. Fas ligand (FasL) expression by placental trophoblast may induce apoptosis of Fas+ lymphocytes, thereby facilitating immune tolerance and survival of the molar trophoblast. Our previous studies have shown an increase in activated CD4+ decidual T cells in molar pregnancy compared with normal pregnancy. This study was designed to characterize and quantitate Fas/FasL expression by decidual leukocytes in complete and partial hydatidiform mole compared with that in normal early pregnancy using single and double immunohistochemical labeling (i.e., avidin-biotin-peroxidase and avidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase). A significant increase was found in Fas and FasL expression by decidual CD4+ T cells in complete (Fas+, P = 0.0106; FasL+, P = 0.0081) and partial (Fas+, P = 0.0131; FasL+, P = 0.0051) hydatidiform moles, as was a significant decrease in Fas expression by decidual CD8+ T cells in complete (P = 0.0137) and partial (P = 0.0202) hydatidiform mole compared with normal early pregnancy. The implications of altered Fas/FasL status of decidual T-cell subsets in hydatidiform mole are also discussed.     

MiR‐30a‐5p inhibits proliferation and metastasis of hydatidiform mole by regulating B3GNT5 through ERK/AKT pathways

Hydatidiform moles are gestational trophoblastic disease. They are abnormal proliferations of trophoblast cells that have the potential to become cancerous. miR‐miR30a‐5p is a tumour suppressor that participates in the development of numerous diseases. However, the role of miR‐30a in hydatidiform moles and the mechanisms underlying its effects are presently unclear. This study explored the levels of miR‐30a and B3GNT5 expression in human hydatidiform mole tissue. The results showed that miR‐30a and B3GNT5 were differentially expressed in normal placenta and hydatidiform mole, and miR‐30a decreased cell proliferation, invasion and migration in trophoblast cell lines. Upon further examination, it was confirmed that miR‐30a directly targeted the 3’untranslated region of B3GNT5 using a dual‐luciferase assay. The results of the present study also revealed that miR‐30a reduced the proliferation, invasion and migration ability in JAR and BeWo cells by regulating B3GNT5, which may inactivate the ERK and AKT signalling pathways. This study demonstrated that miR‐30a was a novel target B3GNT5 that serves an important role in the development of hydatidiform moles, suggesting that miR‐30a may serve as a novel potential biomarker or useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for hydatidiform moles in clinical settings.     

层粘连蛋白在正常和异常人滋养上皮的不同定位与功能

从正常人不同发育时期, 不明原因流产, 增殖型和侵蚀型葡萄胎滋养细胞角度, 用免疫组织化学方法观察层粘连蛋白（ＬＮ） 的显微定位, 比较研究其不同定位与滋养上皮增殖, 生长, 分化, 凋亡, 迁移和浸润的关系。结果显示： 正常人不同发育时期, ＬＮ主要在早孕滋养细胞基底膜呈阳性着色, 中期无合体结处滋养细胞基底膜呈阳性着色; 不明原因流产,ＬＮ在合体滋养细胞质和顶尖部呈阳性着色; ＬＮ 在增殖型葡萄胎滋养细胞接触处呈阳性着色; ＬＮ 在侵蚀型葡萄胎滋养细胞膜呈阳性着色。提示：ＬＮ基底膜定位与滋养细胞分化和迁移密切相关,ＬＮ 胞膜定位与滋养上皮侵蚀密切相关,ＬＮ 细胞接触处定位与滋养细胞增殖可能相关, ＬＮ 胞质和顶尖部定位与滋养细胞凋亡可能相关, ＬＮ阴性着色与合体结和足月滋养细胞衰老可能无关     

Mola invasiva--special form of GTD

Invasive hydatidiform mole is a relative rare form of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). Most of hydatidiform moles remit after evacuation but some of them have the tendency to invade the myometrium. In some rare cases the trophoblastic tissue can be found in other tissues like lungs, vulva, vagina or broad ligament. The aim of the study was to demonstrate some of clinical, immunohistochemical and DNA analysis findings of a patient with a previous diagnosis of a complete hydatidiform mole.