肺表面活性物质救治近足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效观察

目的：观察肺表面活性物质在近足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征救治中的作用。方法：按照家属自愿的原则将41例确诊为新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征且胎龄介于34周．36周之间的近足月儿分为治疗组及对照组,治疗组23例,对照组18例,比较两组患儿血气分析结果、呼吸机参数、气管插管率、上机时间、存活率及住院时间。结果：治疗组患儿,用药后无论临床表现还是胸片均有不同程度的改善。用药后6小时,治疗组PaO2及PaCO2均优于对照组（P〈0．05）;比较两组中机械通气患儿呼吸机参数,治疗组明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）：治疗组气管插管率明显低于对照组,且上机时间（nCPAP、nIPPV、气管插管机械通气）也较对照组明显缩短（P〈0．05）．但两组患儿存活率及住院时间差异无统计学意义。结论：对于近足月呼吸窘迫综合征患儿,尽早明确诊断并在发病早期给予PS替代治疗。可提高此类患儿的生存率及预后,对降低早产儿病死率有重要意义!     

肺表面活性物质救治近足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效观察

目的:观察肺表面活性物质在近足月儿呼吸窘迫综合征救治中的作用。方法:按照家属自愿的原则将41例确诊为新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征且胎龄介于34周-36周之间的近足月儿分为治疗组及对照组,治疗组23例,对照组18例,比较两组患儿血气分析结果、呼吸机参数、气管插管率、上机时间、存活率及住院时间。结果:治疗组患儿,用药后无论临床表现还是胸片均有不同程度的改善。用药后6小时,治疗组PaO2及PaCO2均优于对照组(P<0.05);比较两组中机械通气患儿呼吸机参数,治疗组明显低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组气管插管率明显低于对照组,且上机时间(nCPAP、nIPPV、气管插管机械通气)也较对照组明显缩短(P<0.05),但两组患儿存活率及住院时间差异无统计学意义。结论:对于近足月呼吸窘迫综合征患儿,尽早明确诊断并在发病早期给予PS替代治疗,可提高此类患儿的生存率及预后,对降低早产儿病死率有重要意义!     

肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征前给予nCPAP呼吸支持最佳时间窗的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨肺表面活性物质（PS）治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（NRDS）前给予经鼻持续气道正压通气（nCPAP）呼吸支持的最佳时间窗。方法：选择2017年1月至2019年12月期间我院收治的NRDS患儿100例。根据随机数字表法分为A组（给予PS前预先进行小于2 h的nCPAP,n=33）、B组（给予PS前预先进行2-4 h的nCPAP,n=33）和C组（立即给予PS,n=34）。对比三组患儿的血气分析指标、肺功能指标、临床指标和并发症发生率。结果：A组、B组给予PS后4h、给予PS后24 h动脉血氧分压（PaO₂）、pH值高于C组,且B组高于A组（P<0.05）,而动脉二氧化碳分压（PaCO₂）低于C组,且B组低于A组（P<0.05）。A组、B组给予PS后4 h、给予PS后24 h潮气量（VT）、肺动态顺应性（CD）高于C组,且B组高于A组（P<0.05）,而吸气阻力（Raw）低于C组,且B组低于A组（P<0.05）。B组用药后3天内需气管插管行机械通气例数少于A组和C组,住院时间短于A组和C组（P<0.05）,A组、C组的用药后3天内需气管插管行机械通气例数、住院时间对比无明显差异（P>0.05）。三组患儿并发症发生率未见统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：给予PS前预先进行2-4h的nCPAP,可较好地改善患儿血气分析指标和肺功能,有助于改善患儿预后。     

肺泡表面活性物质联合机械通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的护理体会

目的探讨肺泡表面活性物质(PS)联合机械通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的临床护理方法。方法对我院2010年6月～2012年12月NICU住院的55例NRDS患儿使用改良方法气管内注入PS联用呼吸机治疗,并观察其疗效。结果该法的疗效确切,明显缩短病程,有效地减少给药过程中缺氧现象的发生,减少住院时间及治疗费用,降低死亡率,而且安全性好。结论早期、足量用药并联用机械通气能有效治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征,正确的护理措施能提高治疗的有效率。     

两种肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症的临床疗效比较

目的:比较珂立苏与固尔苏两种肺表面活性物质(PS)治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症(NRDS)的临床疗效.方法:选择2011年2月～2012年12月在我院确诊并接受治疗的NRDS患儿58例,在患儿家长知情同意的情况下,随机分为A组(n=26例)和B组(n=32例).在给予相同基础治疗措施的情况下,A组患儿采用珂立苏治疗,B组患儿采用固尔苏治疗,比较两组患儿治疗24h后的机械通气参数与血气指标的变化,并比较两组患儿症状缓解时间、机械通气时间、吸氧治疗时间及住院时间.结果:治疗24h后,两组患儿的呼气末正压(PEEP)、吸氧峰压(PIP)、平均气道压力(MAP)和氧浓度(FiO2)比较,均较治疗前显著降低,且B组以上指标均显著低于A组,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组患儿的血PaO2和pH值均较治疗前显著升高,而血PaCO2、氧合指数(OI)均较治疗前显著降低,且B组血PaO2、pH值和OI均显著高于A组,而血PaCO2显著低于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).此外,B组患儿经治疗后的症状缓解时间、机械通气时间、吸氧治疗时间及住院时间均较A组患儿显著缩短,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:积极给予固尔苏治疗NRDS,可促进患儿机械通气参数与血气指标的改善,并缩短临床治疗时间,其效果优于珂立苏.     

CPAP联合肺表面活性物治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效及对患者血气指标的影响

目的:探讨CPAP(Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)联合肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)临床疗效及对血气指标的影响。方法:选择2014年8月至2018年8月本院收治的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患者200例,将其随机分为2组,每组100例。A组给予CPAP(持续正压通气)联合肺表面活性物质治疗,B组给予CPAP(持续正压通气)治疗,分析和比较两组的临床疗效及治疗前后血气指标的变化。结果:治疗后,两组新生儿患者PaO_2均较治疗前均显著升高,PaCO_2较治疗前明显降低,且A组PaO_2显著高于B组(P0.05),PaCO_2显著低于B组(P0.05);A组住院时间显著短于B组(P0.05),临床总有效率显著高于B组(P0.05);两组新生儿患者的胸部X线评分均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),A组12 h和24 h胸部X线评分均显著性低于B组(P0.05);A组PEEP/cmH_2O水平显著低于B组(P0.05),Fi O_2水平显著高于B组(P0.05);两组生儿患者的的OI指数均较治疗前显著升高,且A组明显高于B组(P0.05)。结论:CPAP联合肺表面活性物质治疗NRDS的临床效果显著优于单用CPAP(持续正压通气)治疗,且且可显著改善患儿血气指标。     

微创肺表面活性物质对呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿肝肾功能、氧合功能及呼吸功能的影响

目的:探讨微创肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)对呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿氧合功能、肝肾功能及呼吸功能的影响。方法:选择2018年3月至2019年3月我院收治的66例新生呼吸窘迫综合征的患儿作为研究对象,并按照随机数字表法分为观察组(n=33)和对照组(n=33)。对照组患儿采取常规的治疗方式,观察组患儿则在对照组治疗基础上应用微创PS治疗。观察比较两组患儿的动脉血气指标、Ⅱ型肺泡细胞表面抗原(KL-6)、巨噬细胞移动抑制因子-1(MIF-1)、高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB-1)、肝肾功能、氧合指数及呼吸机参数。结果:治疗后,两组的氧分压(PaO_2)、二氧化碳总量(TCO_2)、氧饱和度(SaO_2)均较治疗前显著增高;且观察组以上指标均高于对照组。两组的Ⅱ型肺泡细胞表面抗原(KL-6)、巨噬细胞移动抑制因子-1 (MIF-1)、高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB-1)均较治疗前显著降低,且观察组的以上指标均低于对照组。两组的谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CRE)水平均较治疗前显著降低,且观察组的以上指标均明显低于对照组。观察两组的呼吸机参数和氧合指数,发现两组的吸入氧浓度(FiO_2)、吸气峰压(PIP)、呼吸末正压(PEEP)、氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2,OI)均较治疗前有所改善,且观察组的以上指标均要优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:应用微创PS治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的效果显著,能明显改善患儿的动脉血气指标、肝肾功能以及氧合功能,减轻炎症反应,并减少机械通气的参数。     

老年急性呼吸窘迫综合征肺内及肺外源性危险因素分析

目的:探讨老年急性呼吸窘迫综合征肺内及肺外源性危险因素。方法:回顾性分析130例老年ARDS患者,对其中的肺内及肺外源性危险因素进行分析。结果:肺内源性ARDS病因以误吸和肺炎为主,而肺外源性ARDS则以脓毒血症、大手术后等为主;在死亡上均与多器官功能障碍综合征、呼吸衰竭为主要因素,且两组死亡率接近。结论:在老年急性呼吸窘迫综合征中,肺外源性在器官功能衰竭和氧合指数上重于肺内源性,但是在其他因素和死亡结局上均无明显差异性。     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征小鼠肺内源性干细胞表达水平的研究

目的探讨急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）小鼠肺组织中肺内源性干细胞的表达水平。 方法10只C57BL/6小鼠分成两组：实验组和对照组,实验组通过气管内注射脂多糖（LPS）构建小鼠ARDS模型,采用气管内注射PBS作为对照组;采用胶原酶、热消化法消化小鼠肺组织获取小鼠肺单细胞悬液;双重免疫荧光染色方法鉴定小鼠肺组织中sca-1⁺CD31^-CD45^-细胞;流式细胞术对肺sca-1⁺CD31^-CD45^-细胞进行分选。采用方差分析及独立t检验进行统计学分析。 结果通过气管内注入LPS成功制作小鼠急性ARDS模型;5只小鼠的全肺组织制备单细胞悬液总数目达5×10⁷个/ml,活细胞百分比为98﹪;肺内源性干细胞包括Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞、clara细胞以及支气管肺泡干细胞等,通过肺组织双重免疫荧光染色,验证小鼠肺组织Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞、clara细胞以及支气管肺泡干细胞;对照组及实验组各样本肺内源性干细胞数目占单细胞悬液细胞数比例呈正态分布,且实验组肺内源性干细胞数目水平（10.73±10.65）﹪较对照组水平（12.23±0.73）﹪降低（t = -3.405,P < 0.01）。 结论ARDS时,小鼠肺内源性干细胞（sca-1⁺CD31^-CD45^-）水平降低,减少的肺内源性干细胞具体去向尚不明确,其有可能参与机体急性炎症过程中气道上皮细胞的修复、再生过程。     

海水型呼吸窘迫综合征兔肺酶活性定位和图像分析

采用酶活性反应的图像分析和细胞化学技术,对兔海水型呼吸窘迫综合征(SW-RDS)肺酶活性的变化进行了研究。SW-RDS组肺碱性磷酸酶、5-核苷酸酶、对-硝基苯磷酸酶和细胞色素氧化酶活性明显下降,而胞嘧啶单核苷酸酶活性明显增强。这表明肺一些酶活性的改变是SW-RDS发病机理之一。     

Adult respiratory distress syndrome in neutropenic leukemia patients

Seven episodes of adult respiratory distress syndrome, occurring in leukemic patients with longstanding (average 11 days) and severe neutropenia (less than 0.1 x 10(9)/1) are described. Pathological and clinical data give further support to the view that the complement-neutrophil pathway is not the only mechanism in generating clinical ARDS in leukemia patients.     

Surfactant alteration and replacement in acute respiratory distress syndrome

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a frequent, life-threatening disease in which a marked increase in alveolar surface tension has been repeatedly observed. It is caused by factors including a lack of surface-active compounds, changes in the phospholipid, fatty acid, neutral lipid, and surfactant apoprotein composition, imbalance of the extracellular surfactant subtype distribution, inhibition of surfactant function by plasma protein leakage, incorporation of surfactant phospholipids and apoproteins into polymerizing fibrin, and damage/inhibition of surfactant compounds by inflammatory mediators. There is now good evidence that these surfactant abnormalities promote alveolar instability and collapse and, consequently, loss of compliance and the profound gas exchange abnormalities seen in ARDS. An acute improvement of gas exchange properties together with a far-reaching restoration of surfactant properties was encountered in recently performed pilot studies. Here we summarize what is known about the kind and severity of surfactant changes occuring in ARDS, the contribution of these changes to lung failure, and the role of surfactant administration for therapy of ARDS.     

Adult respiratory distress syndrome during pregnancy and immediately postpartum.

From 1976 to 1983, the adult respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 14 patients during pregnancy or within a month postpartum. There were 8 survivors, giving a 43% mortality. All but 2 patients had obstetric-related precipitating events--labor problems, infections, eclampsia-toxemia, and obstetric hemorrhages. During emergency cesarean sections, 3 patients had respiratory problems that may have caused their respiratory distress syndrome. The average duration of mechanical ventilatory support was 16 days. Six patients had barotrauma with 1 patient sustaining an irreversible anoxic central nervous system injury. Infections were documented in 8 patients, 6 of whom had obstetric foci. There is a lack of information regarding the adult respiratory distress syndrome in this patient group. Though uncommon, it can cause substantial mortality and morbidity.     

Scoring of surface parameters of physiological relevance to surfactant therapy in respiratory distress syndrome.

The Wilhelmy balance was used for in vitro testing of surface parameters of surfactants used for respiratory distress syndrome therapy. Two commercial protein-free surfactants, ALEC and Exosurf, were compared with pure forms of the three main phospholipids in natural surfactants, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and their binary mixtures, PC with PE and PG each in the ratio 2:3. Surface excess films (15 A2/molecule) were compressed at 1.2 cycles/min past collapse to a compression ratio of 4:1. The maximum surface pressure, spreading time, compressibility, respreading ratio, recruitment index, and hysteresis area were compared. A consolidated list of criteria for selection of suitable surfactants was compiled from the literature. A relative scoring system was devised for comparison based on these criteria. PC/PG (2:3) performed the best as it fulfilled all the criteria and obtained the highest relative score. Exosurf also performed well, except on the respreading criterion. ALEC and PC/PE were equivalent in their performance and performed well, except on two criteria: hysteresis area and recruitment index. Thus the scoring system proposed here proved valuable to rate the overall efficacy as well as relative merits of surfactant formulations.     

Adult respiratory distress syndrome in Leptospira canicola infection.

A man was admitted to the Johannesburg Hospital with a history of fever, diarrhoea, and dry cough for four days. He began to produce bloodstained sputum and was found to have severe arterial hypoxaemia. Radiography showed widespread opacification over both lung fields, and the clinical and haemodynamic features were consistent with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Serology for Leptospira canicola was positive. Despite antibiotics, supportive therapy, and ventilation the patient died. Necropsy excluded cardiac disease. This case shows that leptospirosis may cause the adult respiratory distress syndrome.