喜树幼苗中喜树碱和10-羟基喜树碱对热激的响应特点和意义

植物在长期的生态环境适应过程中,产生了包括生物碱在内的大量次生代谢物.本文以我国特有树种--喜树(Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne)为材料,研究其不同器官中喜树碱(camptothecin,CPT)和10-羟基喜树碱(10-hydroxycamptothecin,HCPT)在不同热激温度和时间情况下的含量变化.CPT和HCPT变化呈现出较好的相互消长关系,并且分别在38℃和40℃达到各自的峰值,比以丙二醛和叶绿素为指标的致死温度低了2~4℃;HCPT在热激过程中的变化较CPT活跃;极易受到攻击和伤害的嫩叶中的生物碱含量变化最大.由此推断,CPT和HCPT遵循"幼嫩和生殖器官优先保护"的原则,从而有效地缓解了高温胁迫,并且HCPT和CPT代表了不同的防御策略.     

喜树碱和10-羟基喜树碱受喜树生长发育调控的不同特点

为了揭示喜树碱(camptothecin, CPT)和10-羟基喜树碱(10-hydroxycamptothecin, HCPT)在喜树(Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne)体内代谢的生理调控机制及这两种类似物之间的关系和作用,运用高效液相色谱技术对种子形成、成熟、萌发和幼苗生长过程中喜树碱和10-羟基喜树碱的代谢动态进行了全面的研究.结果表明,喜树碱相对稳定地存在于成熟和幼嫩的组织中;10-羟基喜树碱特异性地积累在乳熟期的种子、种芽的子叶、幼嫩的真叶等幼嫩组织中,随着组织的进一步发育和成熟,其含量快速减少,成熟组织中积累极少,并且这两种生物碱的代谢在时间和数量上都呈现出相互消长的特点,由此推断,这两种生物碱不同程度地受生长发育调控的特点可能与喜树的化学防御策略密切相关,并且,它们之间可以相互转化以充分利用有限的氮素资源.     

喜树碱和10—羟基喜树碱受喜树生长发育调控的不同特点

为了揭示喜树碱（camptothecin,CPT)和10-羟基喜树碱（10-hydroxycamptothecin,HCPT)在喜树（Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne)体内代谢的生理调控机制及这两种类似物之间的关系和作用。运用高效液相色谱技术对种子形成,成熟,萌发和幼苗生长过程中喜树三和10-羟基喜树碱的代谢动态进行了全面的研究。结果表明,喜树碱相对稳定地存在于成熟的幼嫩的组织中;10-羟基喜树碱特异性地积累在乳熟期的种子,种芽的子叶,幼嫩的真叶等幼嫩组织中,随着组织的进一步发育和成熟,其含量快速减少,成熟组织中积累极少,并且这两种生物碱的代谢在时间和数量上都呈现出相互消长的特点,由此推断,这两种生物碱不同程度地受生长发育调控的特点可能与喜树的化学防御策略密切相关。并且,它们之间可以相互转化以充分利用有限的氮素资源。     

喜树碱诱导甜菜夜蛾细胞凋亡线粒体途径的MPTP依赖性

【目的】线粒体通透性转换孔(MPTP)的开放可以导致线粒体膜通透性改变,与细胞凋亡关系密切。本研究旨在探索MPTP在喜树碱诱导的昆虫细胞凋亡中的作用,以进一步揭示喜树碱(CPT)诱导昆虫细胞凋亡的机制。【方法】环孢菌素A(CsA)为MPTP开放抑制剂,通过预加入20μmol/L CsA,应用流式细胞仪测定其对CPT和羟基喜树碱(HCPT)诱导的甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua细胞(IOZCAS-SPEX-Ⅱ)凋亡作用的影响,包括细胞内Ca~(2+)浓度变化,线粒体膜电位变化以及活性氧簇(ROS)变化,从而分析MPTP在CPT和HCPT诱导细胞凋亡的作用。【结果】结果显示,10μmol/LCPT和HCPT处理IOZCAS-SPEX-Ⅱ细胞6 h和12 h时,与0.1%DMSO对照组相比,甜菜夜蛾细胞发生凋亡,胞质Ca~(2+)浓度增大,线粒体膜电位降低或丧失,ROS增加,即CPT和HCPT诱导甜菜夜蛾细胞发生凋亡,为线粒体内途径。但经过20μmol/L CsA预处理2 h后再加入CPT和HCPT处理6 h,与0.1%DMSO组相比,细胞凋亡率、胞质Ca~(2+)浓度、线粒体膜电位及ROS产生均无显著差异(P0.05),即CsA抑制了MPTP的开放,从而抑制了CPT和HCPT诱导的甜菜夜蛾细胞凋亡;而加入CPT和HCPT处理12 h时,CsA对MPTP开放的抑制作用显著降低,与单CPT和HCPT处理组相比,细胞凋亡率、胞质Ca~(2+)浓度、线粒体膜电位及ROS差异不显著,即CPT和HCPT诱导的细胞凋亡如常发生。【结论】本研究证实喜树碱和羟基喜树碱诱导甜菜夜蛾细胞凋亡线粒体途径具有MPTP开放依赖性,且首次明确这种依赖性具有时间性。     

抗癌药物喜树碱生产工艺的研究

前言抗癌药物喜树碱是含在我国南方的一种特产值物——珙桐科喜树(Camptothecaacuminata Decne.)中的一种生物碱,其结构为:在喜树的木、根皮和种子中都含有,以种子中台量为最高,主要成伪一为喜树碱 (c amPtothecine),其他还有10一径基喜树碱     

喜树生物碱在喜树植株中的分布

采用高效液相法测定喜树植株不同部位的生物碱(喜树碱、l0-羟基喜树碱)含量的结果表明,十年生喜树叶中的喜树碱含量最高(0.1102%),非木质化茎的(0.0588%)略高于木质化茎的(0.0491%),主干上部(0.0604%)和主干近根部(0.0641%)高于主干中部(0.0447%),根部一级侧根(0.0968%)中含量也较高.10-羟基喜树碱在二级侧根中含量最高(0.4950%),木质化茎(0.0473%)明显高于非木质化茎(0.0125%),主干中含量分布与喜树碱相似,叶中含量为0.0905%.     

伤害及诱导子对喜树幼苗中喜树碱含量的影响

通过伤害处理和外施诱导子——水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJa)和乙烯利(Ethrel)以及伤害和诱导子复合处理,研究不同处理对喜树中喜树碱(camptothein,CPT)含量的影响。结果表明:(1)4种单独诱导处理均能在一定程度上增强喜树碱的合成,其中水杨酸处理和机械伤害诱导效果最明显,较对照组的喜树碱含量分别提高了47.7%和27.2%,而机械伤害和诱导子复合处理均产生拮抗作用,喜树碱含量降低;(2)诱导作用受诱导剂浓度的影响,SA、MeJa和Ethrel的适宜质量浓度分别为50~100 mg.L-1、5~10 mg.L-1和5~10 mg.L-1。     

不同产地和生长季节喜树叶中喜树碱含量测定

喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)是我国特有抗癌植物。本文通过测定不同产地的喜树幼嫩叶和成熟叶中喜树碱含量表明,均以四川都江堰所产喜树叶中喜树碱含量最高。不同生长月份的喜树嫩叶中喜树碱含量成一条单峰曲线,以7月喜树嫩叶中喜树碱的含量最高。     

生物技术在喜树碱研究中的应用

喜树碱是从我国特有植物喜树中分离到的一种具有抗癌活性的萜类吲哚生物碱,具有重要的利用和研究价值.本文通过对喜树碱资源的现状及生物技术在喜树碱研究中的应用进行综述.指出喜树碱及其衍生物在植物体内含量甚微,远远不能满足市场的需要,阐明应用生物技术提高喜树碱含量是目前极其有效的研究手段和方法,同时对利用生物技术大量生产喜树碱的研究方向进行了展望.     

喜树的分泌结构及其与喜树碱积累的关系

为了揭示喜树碱(camptothecin,CPT)在喜树(Camptotheca acuminata Decne.)中的积累部位及积累规律,运用组织化学技术和高效液相色谱技术对喜树茎、叶中喜树碱的积累部位和含量进行了相关性分析.结果发现两类分泌结构与喜树碱积累密切相关:一类是分布于幼茎和幼叶表面的单细胞腺毛;另一类是分布于喜树幼茎和幼叶中的由1～2层细胞包围而成的分泌道.由此推断,喜树中的分泌结构为喜树碱的主要积累部位.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.