蜡盘衣属1中国新记录种——肉腊盘衣(新拟)

通过对蜡盘衣属(Biatora)地衣的形态解剖学及化学研究,结合基因nrDNA ITS序列的系统发育分析,报道了采自河北省小五台山的蜡盘衣属地衣1中国新记录种——肉腊盘衣(新拟)[Biatora carneoalbida(Müll. Arg.) Coppins]。该种识别特征为地衣体壳状;子囊盘常簇生,盘面橙黄色;子囊棒状,8孢;子囊孢子无色,长纺锤形,(13.3～20.0)×(1.7～5.0)μm。该标本目前馆藏于中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆地衣标本室(HMAS-L)和河北师范大学植物标本室(HBNU)。     

新疆异极衣科地衣的初步研究（英文）

本实验对新疆天山南部的蓝藻型地衣异极衣科的1个中国新记录属以及2个中国新记录种进行了分类学研究。采用形态解剖、化学及生态等传统分类方法,利用显色反应法(CT)、薄层层析法(TLC)等生物化学方法,鉴定采样区异极衣科地衣的1个中国新记录属——半被果衣属(Lempholemma Krb)以及2个中国新记录种——叶状枝半被果衣[Lempholemma cladodes(Tuck.)Zahlbr.]和幼芽状盘衣属(Lichinella Nyl.)的黑色幼芽状盘衣[Lichinella nigritella(Lettau)P.MorenoEgea]。半被果衣属的主要特点是子囊果为半被果或密果,共生藻为念珠藻;黑色幼芽状盘衣的鉴别特征为地衣体多叶状,顶端常具小裂片,上表面具小、球状裂芽。本研究对半被果衣属以及叶状枝半被果衣和黑色幼芽状盘衣进行了详细的描述,并提供了相关彩色图片,为新疆地衣的进一步研究提供了实验依据,并为中国异极衣科地衣的研究奠定了基础。     

新疆异极衣科地衣的初步研究

本实验对新疆天山南部的蓝藻型地衣异极衣科的1个中国新记录属以及2个中国新记录种进行了分类学研究。采用形态解剖、化学及生态等传统分类方法,利用显色反应法(CT)、薄层层析法(TLC)等生物化学方法,鉴定采样区异极衣科地衣的1个中国新记录属——半被果衣属(Lempholemma Krb)以及2个中国新记录种——叶状枝半被果衣[Lempholemma cladodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr.]和幼芽状盘衣属(Lichinella Nyl.)的黑色幼芽状盘衣[Lichinella nigritella (Lettau) P.Moreno & Egea]。半被果衣属的主要特点是子囊果为半被果或密果,共生藻为念珠藻;黑色幼芽状盘衣的鉴别特征为地衣体多叶状,顶端常具小裂片,上表面具小、球状裂芽。本研究对半被果衣属以及叶状枝半被果衣和黑色幼芽状盘衣进行了详细的描述,并提供了相关彩色图片,为新疆地衣的进一步研究提供了实验依据,并为中国异极衣科地衣的研究奠定了基础。     

中国新疆天山山脉中部微孢衣属的研究

报道了天山山脉中部微孢衣属的3个种类,分别为被膜微孢衣(Acarospora molybdina)、疣微孢衣(Acarospora verruculosa)、戈壁微孢衣(Acarospora gobiensis)。其中被膜微孢衣为中国新记录种。该文对3种微孢衣属的地衣体和子囊盘的形态特征,以及子囊盘、子囊、子囊孢衣和侧丝等解剖特征进行了详细描述,并提供了相关彩色图片。     

中国地衣新记录属——裂衣属（英文）

报道了中国文字衣科地衣一新记录属——裂衣属(Chapsa A.Massal.)及其2新记录种,即印度裂衣(C.indica A.Massal.)和斑果裂衣[C.leprocarpa(Nyl.)A.Frisch],标本来自海南和广西。该属主要特征是:地衣体壳状、树皮生;具子囊盘类或色盘衣类的子囊果,固有果壳融合或不明显,具侧生侧丝;具横隔或砖壁型胞室的子囊孢子。     

中国地衣新记录属——裂孔衣属

该文报道了中国文字衣科地衣一新记录属——裂孔衣属(Schizotrema Mangold & Lumbsch)及其1个新记录种,即瓜岛裂孔衣 [Schizotrema guadeloupense(Hale)Mangold & Lumbsch],标本来自云南。该属主要特征为地衣体壳状,树皮生,具子囊盘类或色盘衣类的子囊果,子囊果具再生层状边缘,固有盘被融合或不明显,具侧生侧丝,子囊孢子横隔透镜或砖壁型。瓜岛裂孔衣也是亚洲新记录种。此外,该文还对裂孔衣属其他5种的生态分布特征进行了描述,并提供了该属世界范围检索表。以上结果为文字衣科地衣的分类学研究提供了基础资料。     

叶生地衣新种——海南肠盘衣

在进行海南叶生地衣研究中,发现并描述了一个新种,即海南肠盘衣Enterographa hainanensis。新种隶属于肠盘衣属,染料衣科,斑衣目,子囊菌门。文中提供了拉丁文特征提要,中文描述和讨论。     

中国肉疣衣属地衣的初步研究*

肉疣衣属地衣为世界广布属之一,该属为壳状地衣,地衣体通常龟裂具疣,子囊果盘状一般无柄贴生,盘缘明显,侧丝分枝结网状,孢子大型。本文对中国肉疣衣属地衣进行了初步研究,并报道了该属地衣共16种,其中中国新记录5种,即寒生肉疣衣、柱芽肉疣衣、粉末肉疣衣、亚裂芽肉疣衣、亚绿肉疣衣。     

中国肉疣衣属地衣的初步研究

肉疣衣属地衣为世界广布属之一,该属为壳状地衣,地衣体通常龟裂具疣,子囊果盘状一般无柄贴生,盘缘明显,侧丝分枝结网状,孢子大型。本文对中国肉疣衣属地衣进行了初步研究,并报道了该属地衣共16种,其中中国新记录5种,即寒生肉疣衣、柱芽肉疣衣、粉末肉疣衣、亚裂芽肉疣衣、亚绿肉疣衣。     

中国茶渍属地衣3个新记录种北大核心CSCD

文章报道中国茶渍属地衣3个新记录种——亚异茶渍(Lecanora subravida Nyl.)、栎生茶渍(L.quercicola Coppins&P.James)和针叶茶渍(L.coniferarum Printzen),该3个物种均隶属于柳茶渍组(Lecanora saligna group)。该类群主要特征为,朽木生,地衣体龟裂状至疣状或完全不明显,子囊盘黄绿色至棕色或颜色多样,表面具轻微粉霜,主要化学次生代谢产物为松萝酸。本研究使用贝叶斯分析(BI)构建了基于2个基因位点(nrITS,mtSSU)系统发育树,分析了该3种在茶渍属中的进化位置。本研究还对每个种详细描述形态-解剖特征、分布及栖息地等情况,并提供了地衣体、子囊盘及子囊孢子的彩色图片。     

Cryptic species diversity in a widespread bumble bee complex revealed using mitochondrial DNA RFLPs

Cryptic species diversity is thought to be common within the class Insecta, posing problems for basic ecological and population genetic studies and conservation management. Within the temperate bumble bee (Bombus spp.) fauna, members of the subgenus Bombus sensu stricto are amongst the most abundant and widespread. However, their species diversity is controversial due to the extreme difficulty or inability morphologically to identify the majority of individuals to species. Our character-based phylogenetic analyses of partial CO1 (700 bp) from 39 individuals spread across their sympatric European ranges provided unequivocal support for five taxa (3–22 diagnostic DNA base pair sites per species). Inclusion of 20 Irish specimens to the dataset revealed ≥2.3% sequence divergence between taxa and ≤1.3% within taxa. We developed a PCR-RFLP based method for unequivocally distinguishing amongst the four cryptic European taxa of this subgenus, B. cryptarum, B. lucorum, B. magnus and B. terrestris, and used it to analyse 391 females of the former three species collected across Ireland, all of which could be unambiguously assigned to species. Bombus lucorum was the most widely distributed and abundant of the cryptarum–lucorum–magnus species complex, comprising 56% of individuals, though it was significantly less abundant at higher altitudes (>200 m) whilst B. cryptarum was relatively more abundant at higher altitudes. Bombus magnus was rarely encountered at urban sites. Both B. lucorum and B. terrestris are nowadays reared commercially for pollination and transported globally. Our RFLP approach to identify native fauna can underpin ecological studies of these important cryptic species as well as the impact of commercial bumble bees on them.     

Distribution Patterns of Isomorphic Cold-Water Dinoflagellates (Scrippsiella/Woloszynskia Complex) Causing ‘red tides’ in the Baltic Sea

During the latest years medium-sized (15–30 μm), single-celled dinoflagellates have been reported to form blooms in the northern Baltic Proper and the Gulf of Finland in winter and spring. Recent studies (Kremp et al., 2003. Proceedings of the 7th International conference of Modern and Fossil Dinoflagellates, September 21–25, Nagasaki, Japan, 66 pp.) indicate that those blooms are caused by two isomorphic species – Scrippsiella hangoei (Schiller) Larsen, and a new species, tentatively belonging to the genus Woloszynskia. Until now there has been no report on how widely distributed these phytoplankton species are in the Baltic Sea. In this study, the occurrence of Scrippsiella/Woloszynskia complex in the entire Baltic Sea was investigated, by using monitoring data from 1997 to 2003. The species occurred in a salinity range from 2 to 8 PSU. Highest concentrations were observed at salinity 4.5–6.5 PSU. Maximum cell densities of Scrippsiella/Woloszynskia complex in the water column were mainly obtained in April or in the beginning of May by the water temperature <3 °C prior to stratification was formed. In the central Gulf of Finland, the second maximum was found in 1999 and 2002 by the temperature >6 °C. Bloom formations in the Baltic Proper and in the Gulf of Finland may not only be explained by optimum temperature and salinity, but also with other factors e.g. high nutrient concentrations and good seeding conditions from the sediments.     

Water Relations Only Partly Explain the Distributions of Three Perennial Plant Species in a Semi-arid Environment

The water relations and stomatal conductances of three perennial plant species, Stipa tenacissima L., Anthyllis cytisoides L., and Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss., dominant on the upper slopes, mid-slopes and floor of a valley, respectively, in semi-arid south-east Spain, were investigated to test the hypothesis that differences in plant-soil water relations could account for the different distributions of each species in the catena. Diurnal measurements of water potential (Ψ_w), relative water content (RWC) and stomatal conductance (g_s) of leaves were made over one year. Leaf temperature, air humidity, wind-speed and incident quantum flux density were measured concurrently. Soil water content was determined gravimetrically at 0 – 5 cm and 15 – 20 cm depths. Measurements of Ψ_w, RWC and g_s were analysed according to meteorological conditions, based on the maxima for daily air temperature and atmospheric saturation water vapour deficit and on soil moisture content. The hypothesis that plant-soil water relations can explain the distribution of the three species along the catena from valley side to valley floor was rejected for Anthyllis and Stipa but confirmed for Retama. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A new species ofRhinogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Fujian Province, China

A new freshwater goby,Rhinogobius xianshuiensis sp. nov. was collected from the upper Mulan River basin of Xianyou County, Fujian Province, eastern China. The species is distinguished from related species in the region by 3–7 predorsal scales, 27 vertebrae, cephalic lateralis canals always always with 2 derived post-orbital pores (ε1) in adults, a reddish-brown vertical line below the anterior margin of the eye, and a red netlike pattern on the opercle. A key to species ofRhinogobius with higher vertebral numbers (27–29) from eastern China, Taiwan and Japan is provided.     

Large-scale production of Anogeissus pendula and A. Latifolia by micropropagation

Summary Success has been achieved in developing a complete protocol for mass propagation of Anogeissus pendula and A. latifolia, two important forest species found in India. Seeds cultured on plant growth regulator-free, semisolid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium germinated within 5–6 wk and formed 4–6-cm long shoots. The shoots multiplied on MS+4.4 μM benzyladenine (BA)+5.7 μM indoleacetic acid (IAA) + casein hydrolysate (100 mgl⁻¹) + ascorbic acid (50 mgl⁻¹) + sucrose (3%) + agar (0.8%). A majority of the genotypes rooted with more than 90% efficiency when 5–6 cm individual shoots were cultured on 1/2MS (only major salts reduced to half strength)+2.3 μM IAA+2.5 μM indolebutyric acid (IBA) + sucrose (3%)+agar (0.8%) for 15 d. Those 10% (approx.) genotypes that did not root well on the above medium could be rooted with ease by increasing the concentration of IAA in the rooting media from 2.3 to 5.7 μM. The in vitro-raised plants were successfully transferred to the soil with a success rate of over 85%. Using this protocol, over 560 000 tissue-cultured plants of these two species have been produced and dispatched to various state forest departments for field trials and routine plantations.     

Variability and structure of natural populations of Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Jess. ex Harz and Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst. as revealed by morphology and DNA markers

Seven populations of Hordelymus europaeus and four populations of Leymus arenarius from Poland were subjected to examination of 36 morphological characters. This study showed that both species are relatively uniform and that morphological variation of their populations represents a continuum. Of those, three populations of either species were selected for analysis with molecular markers – RAPDs and AFLPs. These populations differed with respect of geographical location as well as syntaxa and habitat. RAPD-PCR was performed for individual plants and clearly grouped them according to the population origin. For either H. europaeus or L. arenarius - the studied populations differed in degree of their intrinsic variation while none of them as a whole was significantly different from the remaining ones. In AFLP analysis the studied populations were represented by DNA pools of several individual plants. Also this approach allowed discrimination among the population samples of both H. europaeus and L. arenarius. Both RAPDs and AFLPs were accordant in indication that H. europaeus exceeds L. arenarius with respect to variation accumulated at the DNA level. It is the sixth paper of the series: Biodiversity of wild Triticeae (Poaceae) in Poland. The first is: M. Mizianty (2005). Variability and structure of natural populations of Elymus caninus (L.) L. based on morphology. Pl. Syst. Evol. 251: 199-216. The second: M. Mizianty, and M. Szklarczyk (2005). Systematic significance of Elymus caninus morphological characters revealed by AFLP analysis. In: L. Frey (ed.) Biology of grasses. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences. Kraków, pp 9–21. The third: M. Mizianty et al. (2006). Variability and structure of natural populations of Elymus caninus (L.) L. and their possible relationship with Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Jess. ex Harz revealed by AFLP analysis. Pl. Syst. Evol. 256: 193–200. The fourth: M. Mizianty (2006). Variability and structure of natural populations of Hordeum murinum L. based on morphology. Pl. Syst. Evol. 261: 139–150. The fifth: B. Paszko Variability and structure of natural populations of Brachypodium pinnatum and B. sylvaticum based on morphology. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. (in press).     

Nitrite-driven anaerobic ATP synthesis in barley and rice root mitochondria

Mitochondria isolated from the roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were capable of oxidizing external NADH and NADPH anaerobically in the presence of nitrite. The reaction was linked to ATP synthesis and nitric oxide (NO) was a measurable product. The rates of NADH and NADPH oxidation were in the range of 12–16 nmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ protein for both species. The anaerobic ATP synthesis rate was 7–9 nmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ protein for barley and 15–17 nmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ protein for rice. The rates are of the same order of magnitude as glycolytic ATP production during anoxia and about 3–5% of the aerobic mitochondrial ATP synthesis rate. NADH/NADPH oxidation and ATP synthesis were sensitive to the mitochondrial inhibitors myxothiazol, oligomycin, diphenyleneiodonium and insensitive to rotenone and antimycin A. The uncoupler FCCP completely eliminated ATP production. Succinate was also capable of driving ATP synthesis. We conclude that plant mitochondria, under anaerobic conditions, have a capacity to use nitrite as an electron acceptor to oxidize cytosolic NADH/NADPH and generate ATP.     

Applications of PCR-RFLPs for differentiating two freshwater sponges: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ephydatia </Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">fluviatilis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ephydatia mülleri</Emphasis>

The two freshwater sponges Ephydatia fluviatilis and Ephydatia mülleri belong to the widespread Spongillidae family. Their morphological tracts are very similar and can be distinguished mainly on the basis of their gemmuloscleres. However, when gemmules are absent it is essential to have an unambiguous species attribution for a population genetic study based on fresh tissues and historical collections. This article reports a simple Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis, applied to DNA extracted from both gemmules and fresh tissues in order to discriminate between the two congeneric E. fluviatilis and E. mülleri. Such a biomolecular method is based on the discriminative enzymes’ digestion of each of the three amplified fragments 5.8S-ITS2-28S, D3 domain of the 28S subunit and COI. Two restriction enzymes were tested for a 620–642 bp fragment of 5.8S-ITS2-28S and for a 342 bp fragment of the D3 domain of the 28S, one restriction enzyme was tested for a 681 bp fragment codifying for COI. Obtained digestion patterns were diagnostic for each of the two species, providing a relatively simple, fast and cheap method for species attribution compared to sequencing. Handling editor: C. Sturmbauer     

Geothermal diatoms: a comparative study of floras in hot spring systems of Iceland,New Zealand,and Kenya

Diatom floras were examined from geothermal environments in three contrasting tectonic settings. These included subduction-related acid and alkaline springs in New Zealand; alkaline springs along a divergent plate boundary on Iceland; and alkaline springs in the Kenya Rift. These shallow (<1 cm) aquatic environments vary considerably (e.g., temperature: 21.3–99°C; pH: 2.1–9.65; 56.41–643 mg l⁻¹ SiO₂). Diatoms form an important component of geothermal floras at temperatures of <45°C. The floras from New Zealand are distinguished by the common occurrence of Pinnularia. Icelandic springs have a variety of Fragilariaceae. Navicula and Anomoeoneis are most common in the Kenyan springs. Statistical analyses suggest that the diatoms cluster into seven major groups. The most common taxa include: Achnanthidium exiguum v. heterovalvum (Kras.) Czarn., Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (Ehrenb.) Pfitz, Brachysira brebissonii f. thermalis Grun., Caloneis bacillum (Grun.) Cl., Craticula cuspidata (Kütz.) Mann, Diadesmis confervacea Kütz., Epithemia argus (Ehrenb.) Kütz., Frustulia rhomboides (Ehrenb.) DeT., Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenb.) Grun., Navicula tenelloides Hust., Nitzschia amphibia Grun., Nitzschia inconspicua Grun., Nitzschia invisitata Hust., Nitzschia frustulum (Kütz.) Grun., Nitzschia sigma (Kütz.) W, Smith., Pinnularia chapmaniana Fog., Pinnularia appendiculata (Ag.) Cl., Pinnularia molaris (Grun.) Cl., Pinnularia acoricola Hust., Rhopalodia gibberula (Ehrenb.) O. Müll., Staurosira construens v. venter (Ehrenb.) Ham., Staurosira elliptica (Schum.) Will. & Round, and Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenb.) Will. & Round. Canonical correspondence analysis shows clear correlations between species, alkalinity, pH, and conductivity, with less strong correlations for silica and temperature. Other factors include substrate type, current velocity, and light conditions. The preservation potential of host deposits varies considerably, being lowest for springs on clastic deltas and highest where travertine or sinter is accumulating. Handling editor: J. Padisak     

Variability and structure of natural populations of Elymus caninus (L.) L. and their possible relationship with Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Jess. ex Harz as revealed by AFLP analysis

The AFLP method was used to study the inter-population variability of eight populations of Elymus caninus (L.) L. as well as three populations of Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Jess. ex Harz. In these studies a clear distinction was found between two phenotypes of E. caninus collected in the same locality. It also appeared that two populations of E. caninus representing the “pauciflorum” morphotype were clustered together, similarly as two populations of E. caninus exhibiting morphotype “caninus”. Additionally, the populations of the “pauciflorum” type were clustered together with all samples of H. europaeus. Furthermore, the same approach was applied to analyze the intra-population variability of E. caninus. The populations ranged from nearly uniform to as diverse as the samples collected from different localities. In some populations of this species the presence of off-type plants was revealed. Our data indicate the predominantly self-pollinating character of E. caninus and the possible genetic relationship between of E. caninus and H. europaeus. It is the second paper from the series: Biodiversity of wild Triticeae (Poaceae) in Poland, the first is: Mizianty M. 2005. Variability and structure of natural populations of Elymus caninus (l.) L. based on morphology. Pl. Syst. Evol. 251: 199–216.