超声提取-分光光度法测定远志总皂苷的含量

目的:超声提取远志总皂苷,并用分光光度计进行总皂苷含量的测定.方法:超声提取远志总皂苷,以远志皂苷元为对照品,香草醛-冰醋酸-高氯酸为显色剂,采用分光光度法在585 nm处测定远志总皂甙含量.结果:对照品在28～63 μg范围内线性良好(r2=0.9984),平均回收率为100.45%,RSD=1.59%(n=5).超声提取和热回流提取的远志总皂苷含量分别为1.63%,1.50%.结论:超声提取法用时短,提取率高,能达到比传统回流法更理想的效果.分光光度法测定含量简便、快速、准确、可靠.     

荧光光度法测定萹蓄中总黄酮含量

目的:建立一种准确测定萹蓄中总黄酮含量的新方法.方法:以芦丁为标准样品,用荧光分光度法测得其荧光强度、绘制标准曲线.用60%乙醇加热回流提取萹蓄有效成分,在相同的条件下测定样品中总黄酮的荧光强度,根据回归方程求得其含量.结果:当芦丁的浓度范围在0μg/mL～22μg/mL时,荧光强度和芦丁浓度具有良好的线性关系,线性回归方程Y=-8.973X 22.581,相关系数r=0.9771.篇蓄中总黄酮的平均含量17.05μg/mL,所得率为6.82%.结论:用荧光分光度法测定萹蓄中总黄酮的含量,操作简便、快速、准确,建议推广应用.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定金雀根中高丽槐素的含量

建立金雀根中高丽槐素含量测定的反相高效液相色谱分析方法,对6个不同产地的金雀根中高丽槐素的含量进行测定,同时给出金雀根中9种异黄酮类化合物在相同色谱条件下的分析图谱.结果表明在此色谱条件下,10～250 μg/mL浓度范围内,高丽槐素的峰面积与浓度具有良好的线性相关性(r2=0.9999),该方法精密度较高,重现性和稳定性良好,平均回收率为97.31%.     

HPLC法测定不同产地僵蚕中草酸铵含量

目的:比较不同产地僵蚕和炒僵蚕中草酸铵的含量.方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱务件为色谱柱:Diamonsil 5μC18250× 4.6mm Dikma;流动相:磷酸氢二铵水溶液(5 g·L-1,pH 5.30);流速:0.5mL·min-1;柱温:30℃;检测波长:214nm.结果:草酸铵在15.0～150.0μg·ml-1 范围内,峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,r=0.998(n=6),平均加样回收率为97.07%,RSD=2.67%(n=9).结论:炮制僵蚕中草酸铵的含量普遍低于僵蚕生品;僵蚕生品中草酸铵的含量2.21%～5.82%,炮制品2.31%～5.78%.     

基于微孔板的高通量筛选6-羟基烟酸转化菌方法的建立

建立了一种基于96孔板-酶标仪的双波长紫外分光光度法高通量筛选6-羟基烟酸转化菌的方法.实验以251nm为测定波长、231nm为参比波长测定转化样品的6-羟基烟酸含量,6-羟基烟酸与△A251-231在0.5～11 μg/mL浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,服从朗伯-比尔定律,平均回收率为99.11%～100.81%.利用96孔板-酶标仪,每天筛选量可达到2000～5000个反应,达到高通量筛选要求.     

AAS法测定陕产不同生长期女贞子中铁含量

目的:对陕西境内不同产地、不同生长期女贞子中Fe含量进行分析测定.方法:采收陕西境内关中3市(渭南、西安、宝鸡)与陕南2市(安康、汉中)10月产女贞子;并采收西安8、9、10、11和12月产女贞子,去杂质阴干,室温密闭贮藏.样品湿法消解以后,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法检测其中的Fe含量,考察了干扰情况、方法的准确度和精密度.结果:本方法的检出限均小于0.3μg·mL-1,RSD≤2.46%,加样回收率在97.6～103.8%范围内.实际检测结果显示女贞子中铁含量较为丰富.结论:女贞子在不同产地、不同生长期铁含量不同,故在实际应用时应根据实际药用需要适时采集.     

可见分光光度法测定人尿中痕量1-萘酚

目的：建立一种可见分光光度法单独测尿中痕量1-萘酚的新方法。方法：在碱性介质中,1-蔡酚（1-NAP）与氯霉素作用生成蓝色物质导致体系的吸光度增加,2-NAP不干扰测定。结果：该蓝色产物的最大吸收波长Amax=472．0nm,其吸光度与1-NAP摩尔浓度在7．64×10^-7mol／L-6．31×10^-4mol／L范围内线性关系良好,线性回归方程为△A=0．3146C＋0．0239,相关系数r=0．9973,检出限为2．29×10^-7mol／L,相对标准偏差RSD为3．25％-6．42％,加标回收率为95．3％-105．7％。结论：本方法灵敏、简单、快速、易于推广,用于人尿中1-NAP含量的单独测定结果满意。     

可见分光光度法测定人尿中痕量1-萘酚

目的:建立一种可见分光光度法单独测尿中痕量1-萘酚的新方法。方法:在碱性介质中,1-萘酚（1-NAP）与氯霉素作用生成蓝色物质导致体系的吸光度增加,2-NAP不干扰测定。结果:该蓝色产物的最大吸收波长λmax=472.0nm,其吸光度与1-NAP摩尔浓度在7.64×10^-7mol/L～6.31×10^-4mol/L范围内线性关系良好,线性回归方程为△A=0.3146C+0.0239,相关系数r=0.9973,检出限为2.29×10^-7mol/L,相对标准偏差RSD为3.25%～6.42%,加标回收率为95.3%～105.7%。结论:本方法灵敏、简单、快速、易于推广,用于人尿中1-NAP含量的单独测定结果满意。     

成果期女贞子炮制后5-羟甲基糠醛的含量变化

目的:测定不同生长期女贞子酒炖前后5-羟甲基糠醛的含量。方法:采收8～12月产女贞子,依据《中华人民共和国药典》(2010年版)中的方法进行炮制。采用Inertsil ODS-3 C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),色谱条件为流动相乙腈-水(10:90),检测波长285 nm,流速为1 mL.min-1,柱温为室温。结果:生女贞子中5-羟甲基糠醛的含量在幼果中(8月)最高,而酒炖后5-羟甲基糠醛的含量增加12.50～45.95倍。结论:为更有效利用女贞子中的5-羟甲基糠醛,可根据实际需要适时采收并加以炮制。     

Determination of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Activity By Direct Spectrophotometry

A method to determine Mn-superoxide dismutase activity by measuring directly the rate of decay of O₂^- in a spectrophotometer, is described. Decay of O₂^- generated by KO₂ at pH 9.5, was monitored as the fall in absorbance (A_250nm-A_360nm). Mn-superoxide dismutase was determined as the activity of cyanide-resistant superoxide dismutase, calculated from the rate of O₂^- dismutation. Mn-superoxide dismutase could be determined in the presence of a 700 times higher Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase activity. The alkaline pH did not cause analytical problems. The assay was used to measure both Mn- and Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase activity in mitochondrial preparations. The assay had a detection limit of 2.8 ng/ml when Mn-superoxide dismutase from E. coli was used, and the between-day CV was 5.8%. The assay is an alternative to indirect methods for detecting superoxide dismutase activity.     

HPLC 法测定不同来源槐角中槐角苷含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定槐角中槐角苷含量测定方法并检测不同来源槐角中槐角苷的含量。方法:Luna 5u C18(2)100A柱(250 mm×4.60 mm,5μm),柱温为35℃,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-1%冰醋酸(40:5:55),流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为260 nm。结果:槐角苷质量浓度在14.58 mg/L～53.46 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为y=110353x-274717(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.5%,RSD为1.27%;不同来源槐角中槐角苷含量范围4.27%～8.78%。结论:该方法简便、快速、灵敏、可靠;不同来源的槐角中槐角苷含量有较大差异,其中以陕北黄土高原品种含量最高,可为槐角的质量保证提供依据。     

3个香蕉品种的果实淀粉形状与含量及风味物质比较

采用扫描电子显微镜对巴西蕉、宝岛蕉、红香蕉3个品种(AAA基因型)的淀粉颗粒形状及大小进行观察,并测定果实中总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉及风味物质的含量,以揭示不同品种间香蕉果实品质差异的内在机理。结果显示:(1)巴西蕉、宝岛蕉、红香蕉淀粉颗粒的形状分别为不规则三角形、圆形、棒形,大小分别为8.20~35.70μm、6.90~29.80μm、5.47~23.80μm。(2)巴西蕉、宝岛蕉、红香蕉总淀粉含量分别为(66.93±2.48)%、(90.38±2.46)%、(48.91±2.49)%;直链淀粉含量分别为(20.48±1.09)%、(21.48±1.08)%、(14.67±1.10)%;支链淀粉含量分别为(46.45±1.85)%、(68.90±1.25)%、(34.24±1.45)%;且3个品种总淀粉、支链淀粉及直链淀粉含量差异均达到显著水平。(3)巴西蕉、宝岛蕉、红香蕉Vc含量分别为(15.54±1.10)、(17.63±1.14)、(16.76±1.03)mg/100g FM;可溶性固形物含量分别为(15.50±0.22)%、(15.67±0.30)%和(16.17±0.30)%;糖/酸比分别为2.75∶1、2.74∶1、3.15∶1;差异显著性分析发现,3个品种Vc及可溶性固形物含量差异分别达到极显著、显著水平;巴西蕉和宝岛蕉糖/酸比差异不显著。研究认为,同一基因型(AAA)不同品种香蕉果实的淀粉形状、大小、总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉以及Vc和可溶性固形物含量均存在明显差异,为解释不同品种间香蕉果实品质差异提供了理论依据。     

Changes in Phenolic Acid Content During Alternaria alternata Infection in Tomato Fruit

Phenolic acids are components of the plant defence system; however few studies had been done with fruits. The objective of this experiment was to elucidate the changes in phenolic acid content in tomato fruits in response to pathogenic attack. Tomato fruit ‘Pinto’ was inoculated with spores of Alternaria alternata and stored for 10 days at 25°C and 90–92% of relative humidity. Sampling of epicarp and mesocarp tissues of control and infected tomato fruits were done every 2 days. Phenolic acids were extracted from each tissue and identified by HPLC coupled to a mass spectrometer. Quantification was done based in standard curves. In vitro evaluation of the phenolic acid effect either one‐by‐one and in a mixture of phenolic acids (MPA) over A. alternata spore germination was done with 25, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mm . It was found caffeic, chlorogenic and vanillic acids in both epicarp and mesocarp tomato tissues before the beginning of the experiment. Infected tomato fruits showed significantly higher concentrations of vanillic acid in the epicarp, only. Chlorogenic acid and the MPA inhibit spore germination by 30%, whereas caffeic acid and vanillic acid inhibit 16% at 500 mm . It was concluded that chlorogenic, vanillic and caffeic acids are phytoanticipins in tomato fruit. The concentration of vanillic acid also increases in tomato fruit epicarp as part of the defence system during a pathogenic attack.     

Prediction of Apple Fruit Quality by Soil Nutrient Content and Artificial Neural Network

The effect of soil nutrient content on fruit yield and fruit quality is very important. To explore the effect of soil nutrients on apple quality we investigated 200 fruit samples from 40 orchards in Feng County, Jiangsu Province. Soil mineral elements and fruit quality were measured. The effect of soil nutrient content on fruit quality was analyzed by artificial neural network (ANN) model. The results showed that the prediction accuracy was highest (R²= 0.851, 0.847, 0.885, 0.678 and 0.746) in mass per fruit (MPF), hardness (HB), soluble solids concentrations (SSC), titratable acid concentration (TA) and solid-acid ratio (SSC/TA), respectively. The sensitivity analysis of the prediction model showed that soil available P, K, Ca and Mg contents had the greatest impact on the quality of apple fruit. Response surface method (RSM) was performed to determine the optimum range of the available P, K, Ca, and Mg contents in orchards In Feng County, which were 10∼20 mg⋅kg⁻¹, 170∼200 mg⋅kg⁻¹, 1000∼1500 mg⋅kg⁻¹, and 80∼200 mg⋅kg⁻¹, respectively. The research also concluded that improving the content of available P and available Ca in orchard soil was crucial to improve apple fruit quality in Feng County, Jiangsu Province.     

利用电子鼻评价桃果实香气

为了明确不同桃品种资源果实香气差异,对桃果实香气评价和品质改良提供参考,本研究利用电子鼻系统对桃品种资源果实整果香气进行测定和区分.通过PEN 3.5电子鼻系统采集74份不同品种资源桃果实芳香成分并得到了不同传感器的响应值,采用主成分(PCA)、线性判别法(LDA)和负荷加载(LO)方法分析数据.LO分析结果显示,硫化...