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1.
Callus cultures were initiated from zygotic embryos of Encephalartos dyerianus and E. natalensis. Callus of both species were transferred onto a modified B5 medium containing different combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin. Somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis occurred in both species. The embryos were dicotyledonary. To date none of the embryos have matured.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
2.
Anne Katharina Jäger Brigitte Schottländer Ulla Wagner Smitt Ulf Nyman 《Plant cell reports》1993,12(9):517-520
Cell cultures from different species of the genus Thapsia (Apiaceae) have been investigated. In one 4-yearold line of T. garganica L. spontaneous somatic embryogenesis up to the globular stage occurred in a suspension culture containing 1 mg l–12,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Also callus cultures of this line, previously maintained on a medium containing 1 mg l–1 2,4-D, when transferred to various media deprived of 2,4-D, produced somatic embryos that developed into plantlets. Cell culture, embryos and regenerated organs were analysed for their content of thapsigargins. The undifferentiated cell culture did not synthezise thapsigargins, but was found to produce a yet unidentified compound not present in planta. White embryos in the pre-cotyledonary stage did not synthezise thapsigargins either, but when the embryos developed to the cotyledonary stage and became green, the synthesis started. Regenerated roots and shoots also contained thapsigargins.Abbreviations BAP
Benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-D
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- EtOAc
ethyl acetate
- FDA
fluorescein diacetate
- IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- 2-iP
2-isopentenyladenine
- NAA
1-Napthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
3.
Rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa) is cultivated as a garden flower and an important genetic resource for the breeding of roses (R. hybrida). This study describes culture conditions for high frequency plant regeneration from zygotic embryo explants via somatic embryogenesis in rugosa rose. Mature zygotic embryo, cotyledon, and radicle explants formed embryogenic calluses at frequencies of 38, 6.7, and 8.8% when cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (½MS) supplemented with 2.26, 9.05, and 9.05 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, respectively. Embryogenic calluses produced numerous somatic embryos, which then developed into plantlets on ½MS without growth regulators. Regenerated plantlets were grown to whole plants in a growth chamber. 相似文献
4.
Summary The progeny of polyembryonic Secale cereale L., was used to study the in vitro response of the immature embryos. The formation of embryogenic calli was very high, and this response and its distribution was statistically different to that shown by the normal regenerated plants and the original population. This behaviour seems to be related to a genetic condition which favours the presence of supernumerary embryos, in vivo as well as in vitro. 相似文献
5.
Dr. F. J. Zapata K. C. Sink 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1981,59(5):265-268
Summary One to five percent of Lycopersicon peruvianum (L.) Mill. leaf mesophyll protoplasts undergo cell division and concomitant organization to form embryogenic-like structures when cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium (1962) containing 3% sucrose, 9% mannitol, 1.0 mg/l kinetin (K) and 1.0 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at pH 5.6–5.8 (medium A). These embryogenic structures, after passing through developmental stages similar to those observed in zygotic embryogeny, are capable of forming shoots on hormone-free medium A. In medium B, wherein 0.5 mg/l of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) replaced the hormones (K and NAA), embryogenic structures did not develop. However, callus originating in medium B retained morphogenetic capacity as was evidenced by subsequent shoot regeneration when they were transferred to medium A with K and NAA replaced by 1.0 mg/l zeatin (Z). The potential value of incorporating this regeneration trait into Lycopersicon species and cultivated lines for use in tissue culture programs is discussed.Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Journal No. 9676 相似文献
6.
Timir baran Jha Priyanka Mukherjee Mukul Manjari Datta 《Plant biotechnology reports》2007,1(3):135-140
Jatropha curcas L. is one potential source of non-edible biofuel-producing energy crop. Its importance also lies in its medicinal properties.
The species is primarily propagated through heterozygous seeds, and thus the seed oil content varies from 4 to 40%. Moreover,
due to its perennial nature, seed setting requires 2 to 3 years time. The seed viability and rate of germination are low,
and quality seed screening is another laborious task; thus, seed propagation alone cannot provide quality planting material
for sustainable use. Somatic embryogenesis, a powerful tool of plant biotechnology for faster and quality plant production
has been successfully applied to regenerate plants in Jatropha curcas for the first time. Embryogenic calli were obtained from leaf explants on MS basal medium supplemented with only 9.3 μM Kn.
Induction of globular somatic embryos from 58% of the cultures was achieved on MS medium with different concentrations of
2.3–4.6 μM Kn and 0.5–4.9 μM IBA; 2.3 μM Kn and 1.0 μM IBA proved to be the most effective combination for somatic embryo
induction in Jatropha curcas. Addition of 13.6 μM adenine sulphate stimulated the process of development of somatic embryos. Mature somatic embryos were
converted to plantlets on half strength MS basal medium with 90% survival rate in the field condition. The whole process required
12–16 weeks of culture for completion of all steps of plant regeneration. This protocol of somatic embryogenesis in Jatropha curcas may be an ideal system for future transgenic research. 相似文献
7.
Barbara Stefaniak 《Plant cell reports》1994,13(7):386-389
Summary Friable embryogenic callus and somatic embryos of 4 Gladiolus cultivars were obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with various concentration of auxins from the following explants: corm slices, young leaf bases and whole, intact plantlets. Somatic embryos transferred on MS hormone-free medium regenerated into plantlets. All plantlets obtained through embryogenesis did not differ phenotypically from the parental clones. The embryogenic friable callus has been maintained for over 2 years in culture and has retained a very high regeneration capacity.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- KIN
kinetin
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog Medium (1962)
- E
embryogenic callus
- NE
non-embryogenic callus 相似文献
8.
Summary A method of clonal propagation via somatic embryogenesis of date palm, cultivar Barhee, which has potential for large scale commercial application as well as for developmental studies on embryos is described. Cultures were initiated from shoot tip and immature inflorescence explants, both of which were capable of development into embryogenic callus. When the embryogenic callus was cultured in liquid suspension on a rotary shaker, hundreds of embryos developed from milligram quantities of callus in a fairly synchronous manner. Scanning electron microscopy showed globular, heart-shaped and torpedo-shaped embryos. Green leaves emerged from a white cotyledonary sheath. 相似文献
9.
Lokesh Garg Narinder N. Bhandari Vijay Rani Sant S. Bhojwani 《Plant cell reports》1996,15(11):855-858
Immature endosperm of Acacia nilotica formed a nodular callus on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D, BAP and CH. In the third passage on this medium, in the dark, the callus differentiated somatic embryos. The embryos germinated on MS only after 15 d pre-treatment on modified MS medium in which major salts were replaced by those of major salts of B5 medium and supplemented with glutamine, CH and CW. Triploid nature of the somatic embryos was confirmed by Feulgen cytophotometry.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- AC
activated charcoal
- BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- B5
Gamborg et al. (1968) medium
- CH
casein hydrolysate
- CW
coconut water
- d
days
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium
- PEG 4000
polyethylene glycol
- MW
3500–4000
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
10.
Calli derived from in vitro cultivated thalamus of Ranunculus asiaticus L. were initiated and maintained for 75 days on Murashige & Skoog's medium containing five concentrations of 2,4-d (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 mg l-1). Embryoid differentiation occurred on calli initiated on 1.6 mg l-1 2,4-d 75 days after subculture onto hormone-free medium. Calli which were initiated and maintained for 75 days on lower 2,4-d concentrations, then transferred to medium without hormones for 75 days, showed the first embryoids one month after further subculture on medium containing 0.05 mg l-1 2,4-d. All the somatic embryos developed into plants, and 96% survived transplantation to in vivo growth conditions. 相似文献
11.
Summary Suspension cultures were initiated from somatic embryos and embryogenic callus ofDactylis glomerata L. in SH-30 liquid medium [Schenk andHildebrandt (1972) containing 30 M 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba)] with or without 1.5 gl–1 casein hydrolysate. Established suspension cultures maintained in SH-30 without casein hydrolysate proliferated when cell masses underwent cell division and enlargement. These cultures contained numerous root primordia and increased in volume when the cell masses continued to grow and fragment. Embryos developed only when cell masses were plated on solidified SH-30 medium. Cultures maintained in SH-30 liquid medium with casein hydrolysate also proliferated by the growth and fragmentation of cell masses. However, these cell masses contained numerous developing embryos and possessed few or no root primordia. Embryos were either attached to cell masses by a suspensor-like structure or were free and became fully developed in the liquid medium. Newly formed embryos became callused and produced embryogenic cell masses. Embryos germinated either in liquid or on solid SH medium without dicamba. The resulting plantlets possessed green shoots and well developed roots. Plants from suspension and suspension-derived callus cultures have been established in soil and grown to maturity. 相似文献
12.
Miroslav Griga Marie Kubaláková Eva Tejklová 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1987,9(2):167-171
The paper describes a method of somatic embryo induction in callus and suspension cultures of Vicia faba L. Callus was induced from immature cotyledons (green maturity stage) of white-flowering horse bean lines cultured on L2 medium (Phillips and Collins 1979) supplemented with 1% sucrose, 0.7% agar and different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The medium with 2.5 M 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was found optimum for embryogenic callus induction. Somatic embryos developed after transfer of the callus to media lower or zero 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and increased level of sucrose (2.5%). The release of somatic embryos from the callus was more apparent after transfer to liquid medium. There were various stages of somatic embryo development, i.e. globular, heart-shaped and torpedo ones. 相似文献
13.
Somatic embryogenesis and further plant regeneration were observed using zygotic embryos, young inflorescences and young leaves
ofEuterpe edulis (Palmae) as explants. Both for the cultures of zygotic embryos and inflorescences, activated charcoal in the medium was essential
for the establishment of viable cultures. Embryogenesis was induced by using a gelled basal medium with MS or Euwens salts
supplemented by high 2, 4-D levels (50–100 mg L−1). The embryogenic process was direct without a callus stage. For further development, cultures with globular or post-globular
embryos were transferred to the basal medium with 2-iP (2.5 mg L−1) and NAA (0.1 mg L−1). To convert embryos to plantlets, cultures were transferred to a third medium in which sucrose and salts were reduced to
the half-strenght of the basal medium, without growth regulators. In the case of liquid medium, with either 2, 4-D or NAA
(10–20 mg L−1). The developmental stage of each explant was critical for the induction of embryogenesis. The histological study of embryogenic
cultures revealed that in the case of zygotic embryos, somatic embryos arise directly from the surface of the cotyledonar
node, or from subepidermal tissues. In the inflorescences, a pro-embryogenic tissue is formed at the floral primordium region;
in the leaves, the first morphogenic event is cell proliferation in the vascular parenchyma. 相似文献
14.
Cheng-Hao Li Bao-Guang Liu Tae-Dong Kim Heung-Kyu Moon Yong-Eui Choi 《Plant biotechnology reports》2008,2(4):259-265
Picea koraiensis, called Korean spruce, is an evergreen tree and found mostly in northeast Asia. In this study, plant regeneration via somatic
embryogenesis from open-pollinated immature zygotic embryos of nine genotypes of elite trees was established. Immature zygotic
embryos were cultured onto RJW medium modified from 505 medium with 21.48 μM NAA, 2.22 μM BA, and 2.32 μM KT. The average
frequency for all nine genotypes was 74.2%. Embryogenic calluses of the nine genotypes of elite trees were subcultured on
RJW basal medium containing 8.06 μM NAA, 1.11 μM BA, and 1.16 μM kinetin. The calluses of three lines, 3#, 9#, and 2#, were actively proliferated but others were not. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from the embryogenic callus in genotypes
of 3#, 9#, and 2# on RJW medium with ABA and 60 g l−1 sucrose. Cotyledonary somatic embryos were subjected to a drying process. The drying of embryos by uncapping the culture
bottle for 5 days on a clean bench resulted in a high frequency of germination of somatic embryos (87% in RJW medium). However,
plantlet conversion from germinated embryos was greatly reduced and the optimal medium for plant conversion was 1/2 WPM or
1/2 BMI medium. In conclusion, we have, for the first time, established a plant regeneration system via somatic embryogenesis
in the Korean spruce, which can be applied for rapid micropropagation of elite trees. 相似文献
15.
J. J. Rybczyński W. Zduńczyk 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1986,73(2):267-271
Summary A tissue culture of five wild species of the Secale genus, i.e., S. africanum (Stapf.), S. ancestrale (Zhuk.), S. kuprianovii (Grossh), S. segetale (Rosher.), and S. vavilovii (Grossh), from immature embryos of sizes (stages) varying between 1.0 mm to 3.0mm, cultured on MS (1962) mineral nutrient medium supplemented with 0.62 mg/1–5.0 mg/1 of 2,4-D, was established. Initially various types of callus were observed and a correlation between genotype, size of explant and 2,4-D concentration was found. The best embryogenic response was observed when explants were smaller than 1.0 mm. Induction of somatic embryogenesis of 2.0 mm–3.0 mm explants required a higher concentration of 2,4-D. Most embryoids were formed in the presence of 5.0 mg/l of 2,4-D. Secale africanum and S. kuprianovii appeared to have the highest embryogenic capacity among the five investigated species. For embryoids germination to plantlets the MS medium supplemented with GA3 and cytokinins was used. Ultimately, out of the 932 regenerants obtained 364 originated from somatic embryogenesis.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
deGibberellic acid
- BAP
Benzylaminopurine 相似文献
16.
M. L. Ruíz J. Rueda M. I. Peláez F. J. Espino M. Candela A. M. Sendino A. M. Vázquez 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1992,28(1):97-101
In vitro culture of immature embryo and young leaf tissues was carried out with five cultivars of barley, Hordeum vulgare. Two cultivars (Albacete and Porthos) responded poorly from both types of explants, while the three others (Dissa, Golden Promise and Ingrid) produced a high frequency of embryogenic callus from these explants (25–60%). For Dissa and Ingrid, young leaf explants were slightly better than immature embryo explants for embryogenic callus induction, while immature embryo cultures of Golden Promise responded better than young leaf explants. Thus, there appears to be a significant genotype × explant interaction in the initiation of embryogenic callus in barley.Some phenotypic variants were detected among the regenerated plants of Golden Promise and Ingrid, most originating by epigenetic changes. Only in one case was the variant phenotype heritable, probably due to a mutation in the chloroplast DNA. Mitotic alteractions were not detected. Consequently, somaclonal variation did not appear to be a very frequent event in plants regenerated from 1- to 6- month-old cultures of barley. 相似文献
17.
Embryogenic callus (translucent callus) was produced from immature zygotic embryos of Picea wilsonii Mast. Subsequently somatic embryogenesis occurred on the brown callus. The somatic embryos could be stimulated to developinto plantlets on the medium without hormone. Young somatic embryos were produced from embryogenic callus in liquid suspension culture, in which suspensor was several or more than ten times the size of the somatic embryo. The somatic embryo showed very similar to zygotic embryos in micro-section and living material. 相似文献
18.
Somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Scaevola aemula R. Br. was achieved. Somatic embryos were induced from explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.2–0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Various developmental stages of somatic embryos were found on this medium—from globular embryos to germinated embryos. The transfer of globular embryos to MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l BAP resulted in a high frequency of shoot regeneration. Leaf explants cultured on MS medium containing different combinations of BAP and -naphthaleneacetic acid formed adventitious shoots and roots. Histological examination confirmed the process of somatic embryogenesis. Induction of somatic embryogenesis in Scaevola provides a system for studying embryogenesis in Australian native plants and will facilitate the improvement of these plants using genetic transformation techniques.Abbreviations
ABA
Abscisic acid
-
BAP
6-Benzylaminopurine
-
2,4-D
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
-
NAA
-Naphthaleneacetic acid
-
PIPES
Piperazine-N, N-(2-ethanesulfonic acid)
Communicated by R.J. Rose 相似文献
19.
In the present study, the procedures for induction of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in an in vitro culture of the tulip have been developed. SE was initiated on flower stem explants isolated from “Apeldoorn” bulbs during
their low-temperature treatment. Bulbs had not been chilled or had been chilled for 12 or 24 weeks at 5°C. The explants were
cultured with exogenous auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (Picloram), α-naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA) at 1–100 μM and cytokinins: benzyladenine (BA) and zeatin (ZEA) at 0.5–50 μM. Increase in auxin concentrations
caused an intensive enlargement of the explant parenchyma, which changed into homogenous colorless callus. On the same media,
vein bundles developed into yellowish, nodular callus. Picloram was more efficient in inducing the formation of embryogenic
nodular callus than 2,4-D, whereas the latter stimulated formation of colorless callus. The base of the lower part of the
flower stem isolated from bulbs chilled for 12 weeks proved to be the best explant for callus formation. The highest number
of somatic embryos was produced on medium with 25 μM Picloram and 0.5 μM BA. Development of adventitious roots was noticed
in the presence of 2,4-D. Globular embryos developed into torpedo stage embryos under the influence of BA (5 μM) and NAA (0.5 μM).
Morphological and anatomical data describing development of callus and somatic embryos are presented. 相似文献
20.
Mingxi Liu Jing Yang Shaoyun Lu Zhenfei Guo Xiping Lin Hong Wu 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(2):100-104
Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) is an important warm-season turfgrass and pasture grass. To explore the potential use of biotechnical tools
in breeding of centipedegrass, we established an efficient plant regeneration system for this species. Four basal media and
24 combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyladenine (BAP) were examined for their effects on callus
induction from mature seed explants. Twenty combinations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and BAP were tested for their effect
on plant regeneration. Results indicated that Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 4.5 mg l−1 2,4-D and 1 mg l−1 BAP was the best medium for callus induction, while the combination of 2 mg l−1 BAP and 1 mg l−1 NAA induced the highest rate of regeneration and development of shoots and roots. This work provides a basis for the breeding
of centipedegrass through somaclonal variation and genetic transformation. 相似文献