印记基因PEG10 在葡萄胎组织中的表达以及意义

目的:通过免疫组化方法,探讨印记基因PEG10在葡萄胎组织中的表达及其在早期鉴别葡萄胎妊娠中的应用价值。方法:选取经病理组织学诊断为完全性葡萄胎、部分性葡萄胎、正常早孕、难免流产的标本共计156例,采用免疫组织化学技术检测PEG10在其中的表达,研究遗传印记基因PEG10在葡萄胎妊娠以及非葡萄胎妊娠中的表达。结果:PEG10在四组蜕膜组织中均有表达,在难免流产组呈弱阳性表达,在正常早孕组呈弱阳性和中度阳性表达,在部分性葡萄胎组中呈中度阳性和强阳性表达,在完全性葡萄胎组中呈强阳性表达。PEG10在葡萄胎妊娠组表达明显增多于非葡萄胎妊娠组,两组比较具有显著性差异(P0.01),部分性葡萄胎组表达增多于难免流产组,两组比较差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论:遗传印记基因PEG10在葡萄胎组织中的表达明显高于正常早期妊娠和难免流产组,PEG10基因表达上调与葡萄胎的发生可能有重要关系,是否可将其用于病理诊断鉴别困难时的辅助手段。     

猪PEG1基因多态性及其遗传印记

PEG1基因影响动物胚胎生长及母性行为,多数动物PEG1为父方表达的遗传印记特征,但出生后猪的PEG1印记表达尚不清楚。因此,文章选取长白、大白和蓝塘3个品种共166头纯种猪,在猪的PEG1基因外显子12区域内寻找SNP,采用PCR-SSCP方法对其多态性进行检测和基因频率分析;取带有PEG1基因该位点SNP为杂合的仔猪3头,对其胃、胸腺、胰、脾、肺、肌肉、肝、舌、肾、脑、膀胱、心脏等组织器官和胎盘的mRNA产物分别进行RT-PCR-SSCP分析,结果表明:PEG1基因外显子12存在一个由G突变为A的单核苷酸多态性位点;PEG1的外显子12在3头仔猪的主要组织器官仅表达父亲来源的等位基因,表明猪的PEG1基因呈母方印记、父方表达的遗传特征。     

PEG10基因转染的树突状细胞疫苗对肝癌细胞的杀伤实验研究

目的:研究印记基因PEG10修饰的树突状细胞(DC)疫苗对肝癌细胞的杀伤效应,为肝癌的治疗提供新的策略。方法:将重组PEG10腺病毒rAd-PEG10感染HLA-A2阳性的人外周血来源的DC,制备PEG10基因修饰的DC疫苗,并在体外刺激HLA-A2阳性限制性的单个核细胞,酶联免疫斑点试验(Enzyme Linked Immunospot Assay, ELISPOT)和标准⁵¹Cr释放试验分别检测PEG10腺病毒感染的DC所诱导的特异性CTL活性,并检测对HLA-A2阳性的HepG2肝癌细胞的杀伤作用。结果:成功制备了PEG10基因修饰的树突状细胞(DC)疫苗,并在体外能有效诱导抗原特异性CTL效应,对HepG2肝癌细胞有明显的杀伤毒性。结论:PEG10基因修饰的树突状细胞能有效激发出特异性CTL应答,并对HepG2肝癌细胞有明显的杀伤毒性,为肝癌治疗提供了新思路。     

印记基因的印记机制及其表达调控

越来越多的研究资料表明 ,来自双亲的等位基因在功能上存在着差异 ,当同一个基因由不同性别的双亲传给子代时可引起不同的表型。这一点在马、驴正反交中表现得最为明显。其正反交后代在个体上所表现的显著差异是经典遗传理论所不能解释的。这种同源染色体基因表达活性不同的现象即为基因组“印记”(ｇｅｎｏｍｉｃｉｍｐｒｉｎｔｉｎｇ) [1,2 ] 。在哺乳动物中所发现的印记基因大都具1 .1　印记的形成　　印记形成于成熟配子 ,并持续到出生后。核移植实验表明 ,至少在卵母细胞内 ,基因印记的获得与否与ＤＮＡ甲基化变化是高度一致的 ,而富含…     

PEG10基因在肝癌中的表达及研究意义

PEG10基因是由反转座子衍生而来的遗传印记基因,研究表明,PEG10是肝细胞癌(HCC)发生的重要促进作用之一,在绝大多数肝癌中特异性高表达,具有作为更有效的肝癌诊断标志物和基因治疗新靶点的潜力。本文概述PEG10基因与肝癌发生、发展和转移的关系及其作用与肝癌的机制,并对其前景进行展望,以期为肝癌的标志物诊断和基因靶向治疗的研究提供理论参考依据。     

印记基因与肿瘤的发生

印记基因是仅表达等位基因中的亲本一方,而亲本另一方基因沉默的表观遗传学现象.印记基因中双亲等位基因携带特异性表观遗传标记,通过不同的机制(例如,lncRNA模型、绝缘子模型)使相应的等位基因沉默或表达.印记基因的正常表达使得个体正常发育,而印记基因的异常表达则与肿瘤发生有关.主要概述印记基因的结构、表达机制及IGF2/...     

p57与同源框基因HOXA10在子宫内膜基质细胞体外蜕膜化过程中的表达

本文旨在从mRNA和蛋白水平研究子宫内膜基质细胞(endometrial stromalcell,ESC)体外蜕膜化过程中p57和同源框基因HOXA10(homeobox A10 gene)的表达变化以及HOXA10的亚细胞定位,从而推测其在蜕膜化过程中的作用。本实验联合使用0.5mmol/L8-溴-cAMP和1×10?6mol/LMPA(medroxyprogesterone acetate)作用1、2、4d(D1、D2、D4)诱导ESC发生蜕膜化,相应时间点提取mRNA和蛋白质行半定量RT-PCR和免疫印迹,同时以2%低血清培养ESC1、4d作为对照(C1、C4)。用间接免疫荧光和基因转染的方法,观察蜕膜化过程中HOXA10的亚细胞定位。结果显示:(1)蜕膜化过程中HOXA10的表达进行性下降,D2开始与对照组(C4)比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。(2)相反,蜕膜化过程中p57的表达进行性上升,D2开始与对照组C4比较也有显著性差异(P<0.05)。(3)低血清培养ESC1、4d后,p57和HOXA10的表达没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。(4)蜕膜化过程中HOXA10始终定位于胞核,不发生胞浆胞核穿梭。以上观察结果表明:(1)p57的高表达是ESC脱离细胞周期走向分化的因素之一。(2)HOXA10的低表达可能是p57上调的原因之一。(3)孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)途径参与了促进ESC脱离细胞周期而走向分化的过程。     

拟南芥的印记基因和印记表达调控

基因组印记是指后代仅表达亲本之一基因拷贝的现象。印记基因的发生是防止孤雌生殖发生的有效手段之一。拟南芥FIS(Fertilisation-independent seed)印记基因mea、fis2和fie在中央细胞分裂抑制和早期胚乳发育调节中发挥重要作用。fis突变体具有两种表型:当受精缺失时二倍体胚乳自主发育,而当受精发生时形成非细胞化的胚乳。FIS多梳蛋白复合体(Polycomb protein complex)包括上述3种FIS蛋白,在目标位点催化组蛋白H3第27位赖氨酸的tri-甲基化(H3K27 tri-methylation)。DME(DEMETER)和AtMET1(Methyltransferase1)参与了mea和fis2的印记表达控制。最近研究结果表明,开花植物中转座子的插入影响邻近基因的表达,是基因组印记进化的主要驱动力量。本文综述了10年来拟南芥中FIS印记基因和相关基因的发现及其调控机理,期望能为水稻、玉米等重要作物中印记基因的研究提供借鉴和参考。     

转基因克隆牛胎盘中印迹基因PEG10的DNA甲基化水平

低效率的体细胞核移植技术显著制约着该技术在转基因动物生产上的广泛应用。目前认为供体细胞核不能被受体卵母细胞胞质完全的表观重编程是其效率低下的最主要原因,而DNA甲基化是基因表观修饰的主要方式之一。为了探求转基因克隆牛的死亡是否与其胎盘中印迹基因的甲基化的重编程程度相关,文章通过亚硫酸氢盐测序法(Bisulfite sequencing PCR,BSP)和亚硫酸氢盐联合限制性内切酶分析法(Combined bisulfite restriction analysis,COBRA),对印迹基因PEG10在围产期死亡且存在发育缺陷的转基因克隆牛的胎盘(死亡组)和存活的转基因克隆牛的胎盘(存活组)与正常对照牛胎盘(对照组)的DNA甲基化水平进行了详细的比较。结果发现,与对照组相比,PEG10基因在死亡组上表现出异常的超甲基化水平,而存活组与对照组相比无显著性差异。研究结果显示,胎盘中印迹基因的DNA甲基化表观重编程不彻底可能是导致转基因克隆牛发育异常进而死亡的主要原因之一。     

哺乳动物印记基因的研究进展

哺乳动物印记基因是指只表达亲本一方的遗传信息,而另一方处于关闭状态的一类基因。约80%的印记基因呈串出现在染色体上;在哺乳动物品种之间,印记基因具有较高的保守性;印记基因的复制通常表现为不同时性;一些印记基因具有印记遗传的时空性;少数印记基因只转录为mRNA而不翻译成蛋白质;印记基因的反意链通常表达,表达产生具有调节印记基因的作用。哺乳动物印记基因的调控序列的DNA甲基化、组蛋白乙酰酸化和组蛋白甲基化等引起其印记表达,其中DNA分子的甲基化是关键,它在生命周期中可被清除,也可被标记。印记基因之间的调控表达通常是相互作用的。克隆动物作为印记基因研究的实验动物模型,已获得许多有意义的研究结果。     

Overexpression of a novel imprinted gene,<Emphasis Type="Italic">PEG10</Emphasis>, in human hepatocellular carcinoma and in regenerating mouse livers

Many of the promising applications of the microarray technology are pertinent to identifying abnormalities in gene expression that contribute to malignant progression. We developed a bioinformatics tool to identify differentially expressed genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This involved the construction of a liver EST database (http://lestdb.nhri.org.tw) and in silico verification of differentially expressed genes with a human hepatoma microarray database. The stringency of the search was reinforced with a statistical analysis. A novel imprinted gene,Paternally Expressed 10 (PEG10) was identified as having an elevated level of expression in the majority of the HCC samples and was also induced to express during G₂/M phase of regenerating mouse liver. Ectopic expression ofPEG10 in 293T cells affects cell cycle progression. PEG10 is distributed in the cytosol and associates with the nuclear membrane. This is the first time that an imprinted gene has been found to reexpress in both human HCC and in the regenerating mouse liver. This result indicates that the induction of the paternally imprinted gene may play an important role during liver regeneration or carcinogenesis of the human hepatocyte. Understanding the molecular basis of the abnormal imprinting ofPEG10 will shed new light on the process that leads to liver disease.     

TSG101 promotes the proliferation,migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the PEG10

The tumour susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) is reported to play important roles in the development and progression of several human cancers. However, its potential roles and underlined mechanisms in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still needed to be further clarified. In the present study, we reported that knock down of TSG101 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells, while overexpression of TSG101 facilitated them. Molecularly, the results revealed that knock down of TSG101 significantly decreased the cell cycle related regulatory factor p53 and p21. In another point, knock down of TSG101 also obviously decreased the level of metallopeptidase inhibitor TIMP1 (Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1), which results in inhibition of MMP2, MMP7 and MMP9. In contrast, overexpression of TSG101 had opposite effects. The iTRAQ proteomics analysis identified that oncogenic protein PEG10 (Paternally expressed gene 10) might be a potential downstream target of TSG101. Further investigation showed that TSG101 interacted with PEG10 and protected it from proteasomal degradation thereby regulating the expression of p53, p21 and MMPs. Finally, we found that both TSG101 and PEG10 proteins are up‐regulated and presented a direct correlation in HCC patients. In conclusion, these results suggest that TSG101 is up‐regulated in human HCC patients, which may accelerate the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells through regulating PEG10.     

水稻籼爪重组自交系PEG胁迫早期基因差异表达分析

把从籼爪重组自交系中筛选出的最耐旱材料(47-274)和最敏感材料(47-299)在五叶一心时用20%PEG处理6h,取叶片进行mRNA差异显示分析,获得10个差异表达的cDNA片段。利用反式Northern斑点杂交法去除6个假阳性片段,对4个阳性片段(DT-DF1、DT-DF2、DT-DF3、DT-DF4)测序后进行同源性分析,发现DT-DF3的蛋白产物与核酸结合位点和富亮氨酸重复结构域类蛋白B高度同源,DT-DF2与L-乳酸氧化酶部分序列有同源性,DT-DF1没有找到同源蛋白质序列,DT-DF4与一个假设蛋白高度同源。     

A retrotransposon-derived gene, PEG10, is a novel imprinted gene located on human chromosome 7q21

A novel paternally expressed imprinted gene, PEG10 (Paternally Expressed 10), was identified on human chromosome 7q21. PEG10 is located near the SGCE (Sarcoglycan epsilon) gene, whose mouse homologue was recently shown to be imprinted. Therefore, it is highly possible that a new imprinted gene cluster exists on human chromosome 7q21. Analysis of two predicted open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) revealed that ORF1 and ORF2 have homology to the gag and pol proteins of some vertebrate retrotransposons, respectively. These data suggest that PEG10 is derived from a retrotransposon that was previously integrated into the mammalian genome. PEG10 is likely to be essential for understanding how exogenous genes become imprinted.     

Structure and expression of the zebrafish mest gene, an ortholog of mammalian imprinted gene PEG1/MEST

PEG1/MEST is a paternally expressed gene in placental mammals. Here, we report identification of zebrafish (Danio rerio) gene mest, an ortholog of mammalian PEG1/MEST. Zebrafish mest encodes a polypeptide of 344 amino acids and shows a significant similarity to mammalian orthologs. Zebrafish mest is present as a single copy in the zebrafish genome and is closely linked to copg2 as in mammals. It is notable that 10 of 11 intron positions in mest are conserved among mammalian PEG1/MEST genes, indicating that the genomic organization and linkage between mest and copg2 loci was established in ancient vertebrates. Zebrafish mest is expressed in blastula, segmentation, and larval stages, exhibiting gradually increased expression as the development proceeds. Allelic expression analysis in hybrid larvae shows that both parental alleles are transcribed. We also observed one-codon alternative splicing involving an alternative usage of the two consecutive splice acceptors of intron 1, generating two protein isoforms with different lengths of a single amino acid.