几种辛香中药对辣椒碱巴布剂促透皮吸收作用的研究

通过对辛香中药的研究筛选辣椒碱巴布剂的透皮吸收促进剂,提高辣椒碱的透皮扩散速率。采用分别在辣椒碱巴布剂中添加薄荷醇、冰片、桉叶油3种辛香类中药的方法,以月桂氮酮为对照,进行透皮渗透试验。结果表明3种辛香类中药和月桂氮酮对药物的迁移都有一定的促进作用,其中以桉叶油最为突出,其次为冰片、薄荷、氮酮。     

中药透皮吸收对急性呼吸道感染的防治作用

目的应用中药黄连解毒汤加味透皮吸收剂对儿童急性呼吸道感染及治疗中的肿瘤患者进行临床观察。方法将黄连解毒汤加味制成透皮吸收剂,外敷于颌下部,可减去患者服药的痛苦,又利于持久发挥药效。结果与结论单独给药可治疗儿童上呼吸道感染;抗生素伍用透皮吸收剂与单独使用抗生素比,可缩短治愈时间,见效快;对肿瘤患者可有效预防继发性感染。     

皮肤的生理特点与透皮吸收

皮肤组织具有自我更新的能力,但表皮层内没有血供,营养状态较差。皮肤的衰老与年龄、激素水平、日晒等因素有关,氧自由基在皮肤老化的过程中起重要作用。表皮角质层的水分主要以结合态存在于角质细胞间的脂质结构中。脂质中的极性成分、非极性成分与水分子一起组成乳化体系,在一定条件下保持动态平衡。表皮的角质层是透皮吸收的主要屏障,氮酮等物质具有促进透皮吸收的作用。     

中药透皮吸收促进剂的研究进展

经皮给药系统(transdermal drug delivery system,TDDS)由于具有超越一般给药方式的独特优点,其研究已经成为第3代药物制剂开发研究的中心内容之一。然而在经皮给药的临床应用中,人们发现,药物的经皮吸收存在着各种障碍,使得药物很难达到预期的有效的治疗效果。近年来,透皮吸收促进剂(penetration enhancers,PE)的应用为经皮给药系统的研究与应用带来了契机,而天然的中药PE以其具有起效快、效果好、副作用小等优点,正日益引起人们的重视,显示出广阔的发展前景。     

芦荟多糖含量测定及芦荟膏体外透皮吸收的实验研究

目的:研究芦荟膏中各功能成分体外透皮吸收的能力。方法:以Wistar大鼠的背部皮肤为透皮实验原料,每隔一定时间通过分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定透皮后接收池内芦荟多糖及蒽醌类含量。结果:随着芦荟膏剂量的增加,渗透量逐渐增加,芦荟膏中芦荟多糖、芦荟大黄素、芦荟苷的渗透量随时间延长逐渐增加,但是渗透速率逐渐降低。结论:芦荟膏有较强的体外透皮吸收能力,芦荟膏经皮给药能充分发挥其作用。     

小鼠对量子点的透皮吸收和代谢

皮肤是身体的最大器官,能够直接与含纳米材料的防晒霜、化妆品等接触,但是人们对纳米材料的皮肤渗透性却了解不多．本文研究了水溶性硫硒化镉(CdSeS)量子点纳米颗粒的皮肤渗透性和在体内的代谢情况．将雄性ICR鼠背部脱毛,在脱毛部位涂抹直径约为5 nm、发光波长为620 nm的量子点0.32 nmol,然后检测皮肤和心、肝、脾、肺、肾中量子点沉积量随时间的变化情况．荧光显微像显示,量子点能够堆积在皮肤的表皮层中和真皮层的毛囊和腺体中,电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)结果表明,透皮吸收的量子点能够沉积在器官中,并且肝和肾中沉积的量子点代谢缓慢,涂抹量子点5天之后,肾脏中残存的镉离子浓度仍超过14 ng/g．这些结果表明,量子点能够被小鼠透皮吸收,而且对肝和肾产生严重影响．     

跌打止痛巴布膏体外透皮吸收实验研究

本文采用Franz扩散池和离体裸鼠皮肤进行体外渗透试验,采用HPLC法同时测定蛇床子素和水杨酸甲酯的累积透皮量.以此研究跌打止痛巴布膏体外经皮渗透吸收特征.结果表明两种成分的体外经皮渗透均符合零级动力学方程,蛇床子素和水杨酸甲酯在15 h内的透过率分别为13.5%和49.62%.二者在皮肤的蓄积量分别为17.56%和23.23%.跌打止痛巴布膏中的有效成分在皮肤内有较强的蓄积作用,在15 h内药物持续恒速释放,为控释长效和局部作用的制剂.     

口服乳酸杆菌对实验动物免疫功能及肠道正常菌群的影响

本文报告C_(57)BL/6小鼠口服乳酸杆菌后,脾细胞和胸腺细胞的增殖反应,腹腔巨噬细胞的C_3b受体活性及其对L_(929)细胞的细胞毒性作用都明显增强。停用乳酸杆菌10天后,以上免疫指标又恢复到正常水平。其次,Wister大鼠口服乳酸杆菌后,检查粪便菌群中几种厌氧菌和需氧菌的活菌数目,结果表明对厌氧菌群的生长有扶持作用,对需氧菌群的生长则起限制作用,这提示有利于宿主调整肠道正常菌群的平衡。     

警惕日用品中添加抗菌物质给我们生活带来的影响-干扰正常菌群

含有抗菌的日用品自 90年代的 10几种已增加到今天70 0多种。抗菌物质的发现与应用成功地预防和治疗了微生物引起的疾病的传播。现正在以惊人的速度被添加到家庭的日用品当中 ,但却没有看到给我们的健康是否真正地带来了好处。抗菌物质的应用作为一个选择压力很值得关注 ,如果通过这些抗菌物质的选择改变了我们的环境与机体正常菌群 ,很可能导致由正常菌群建立的免疫系统平衡的改变。这种改变甚至可导致儿童过敏机会的增加。在我们的日常用品中要谨慎添加抗菌物质。抗生素作为治疗细菌性感染的药物是非常重要的。然而它的滥用所带来的阴影—…     

中药透皮吸收剂对大鼠阴道微生态失衡的调节效应研究

通过外袭菌破坏大鼠阴道正常微生态平衡,导致局部感染,经０．５倍等效量抗菌药物治疗同时伍用中药透皮吸收剂（黄连解毒汤加味）与单独应用抗菌药物进行了比较。结果证明：中药透皮吸收剂可提高抗菌药物疗效,促进外袭菌感染的恢复,与单独使用抗菌药比有非常显著性差异。本项研究提示中药透皮吸收剂可通过抗菌和提高免疫力双重作用,对外袭菌引发的微生态失衡、局部感染,具有明显调节、治疗效应。     

中药调节肠道菌群防治高血压的研究进展

肠道菌群是人体内环境的重要组成部分,可影响机体的代谢、免疫和炎症反应,与原发性高血压的发生发展密切相关,已成为防治高血压的研究热点。中药在临床用于原发性高血压的治疗且疗效显著。研究表明中药可被肠道菌群分解代谢为易于吸收的活性物质,而这些活性物质又可通过调节肠道菌群结构及其代谢产物防治高血压。本文以肠道菌群作为切入点,通过分析肠道菌群与原发性高血压发生发展的关系和中药在调节原发性高血压肠道菌群方面的研究,总结中药通过调节肠道菌群防治原发性高血压的作用和机制,以期为中药防治高血压及药物研发提供新的研究思路。     

Characterization of six antibacterial response genes from the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) larval gut and their expression in response to bacterial challenge

Six cDNAs encoding putative antibacterial response proteins were identified and characterized from the larval gut of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). These antibacterial response proteins include four peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), one β-1,3-glucanase-1 (βglu-1), and one lysozyme. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that these genes were highly expressed in the midgut, except for lysozyme. Analysis of expression of these genes in different developmental stage showed that they were expressed in larval stages, but little or no detectable expression was found in egg, pupa and adult. When larvae were challenged with Gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacter aerogenes), the expression of all six genes was up-regulated in the fatbodies. However, when larvae were challenged with Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus), only PGRP-C and lysozyme genes were up-regulated. This study provides additional insights into the expression of antibacterial response genes in O. nubilalis larvae and helps us better understand the immune defense response in O. nubilalis.     

Resistance imparted by traditional Chinese medicines to the acute change of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase activities in rat blood caused by noise

The activities of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatine kinase (CK) in rats injected or not with the Chinese medicines, Astragali, Rhodiolae and Ligusticum, were determined after noise exposure. Noise at 95 and 105 dB significantly increased the activities of GPT, ALP and CK, and showed a dependence on the exposure time. The injection of each medicine significantly suppressed the increased enzyme activities by 95 and 105 dB noise.     

Prunus mume extract exerts antioxidant activities and suppressive effect of melanogenesis under the stimulation by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in B16-F10 melanoma cells

In the current study, we examined the antioxidant and skin-whitening properties of Prunus mume extract (PME). The ability of PME to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was investigated in vitro. At a concentration of 1000 μg/mL, PME neutralized >45% free radical activity. Cell viability assessment with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that at concentrations <1500 μg/mL, PME does not exert cytotoxic effects on murine B16 melanoma (B16) cells. Morphological analysis disclosed that melanin production is inhibited in B16 cells treated with 250 nM α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and PME. We conclude that fruit extracts of P. mume exert a skin-whitening effect by inhibiting melanin production via regulation of melanogenesis-associated protein expression in melanocytes.     

Glucose stimulates the expression and activities of nitric oxide synthases in incubated rat islets: an effect counteracted by GLP-1 through the cyclic AMP/PKA pathway

We have examined the expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the activity of neuronal constitutive NOS (ncNOS) in isolated rat pancreatic islets, stimulated by a hyperglycaemic concentration of glucose, and whether the NOS activities could be modulated by activation of the cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cyclic AMP/PKA) system in relation to the insulin secretory process. Here, we show that glucose stimulation (20 mmol/l) induces iNOS and increases ncNOS activity. No iNOS is detectable at basal glucose levels (3.3 mmol/l). The addition of glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) or dibutyryl-cAMP to islets incubated with 20 mmol/l glucose results in a marked suppression of iNOS expression and activity, a reduction in ncNOS activity and increased insulin release. The GLP-1-induced suppression of glucose-stimulated iNOS activity and expression and its stimulation of insulin release is, at least in part, PKA dependent, since the PKA inhibitor H-89 reverses the effects of GLP-1. These observations have been confirmed by confocal microscopy showing the glucose-stimulated expression of iNOS, its suppression by GLP-1 and its reversion by H-89 in -cells. We have also found that the NO scavenger cPTIO and the NOS inhibitor L-NAME potentiate the insulin response to glucose, again suggesting that NO is a negative modulator of glucose-stimulated insulin release. We conclude that the induction of iNOS and the increase in ncNOS activity caused by glucose in rat islets is suppressed by the cyclic AMP/PKA system. The inhibition of iNOS expression by the GLP-1/cyclic AMP/PKA pathway might possibly be of therapeutic potential in NO-mediated -cell dysfunction and destruction.