祁白术多糖提取工艺研究

以蒽酮-硫酸比色法测多糖含量,以正交优选工艺条件进行验证提取并加样测定回收率,结果显示：水提最佳条件为料液比1∶10、水浴100℃、恒温3 h,沉淀得率为48.41%,可溶性糖含量为43.83%,可溶性糖得率为21.22%;水提后醇沉条件为药液浓缩为1.5mL药液/g生药、醇沉浓度达到90%、4℃冰箱24h,醇沉得率为31.28%。水提法料液比、水提温度影响有显著性（P〈0.05）、醇沉法醇沉浓度影响有显著性（P〈0.05）。工艺验证实验平均得率31.55%,RSD=1.57%;加样回收率平均98.00%,以优选工艺方法提取、较稳定可行。     

锁阳多糖提取工艺的研究

以浸膏得率和浸膏中多糖质量分数综合评价,利用L9(34)正交实验从水提和醇沉两方面优选锁阳中水溶性多糖最佳提取工艺条件,为锁阳活性多糖的开发提供科学依据和实验基础。最佳水提工艺条件为:m(锁阳):v(水)=1:12,回流提取0.5 h,提取2次;最佳醇沉工艺条件为:在m(生药):v(水提液)=1 g:2 mL溶液中加入乙醇,使φ(乙醇)=70%,静置6 h。     

响应面法优化白及多糖的提取和醇沉工艺

白及多糖的生物活性近来引起了人们的高度关注,本研究旨在对白及多糖的水提醇沉工艺进行系统的优化,为白及多糖的深入研究提供理论基础。在单因素试验的基础上,本实验采用基于BBD (Box-Benhnken Design)的响应面法,分别对回流提取工艺和醇沉工艺进行优化。对回流提取工艺的优化以回流提取率为评价指标,得到最优回流提取工艺为提取时间3 h,提取温度100℃,料液比例为1:34 (g:mL);对醇沉工艺的优化以醇沉分离率为评价指标,得到最优醇沉工艺为:乙醇浓度85%,醇胶比例8:1 (g:g),醇沉时间6 h;在此条件下,提取率达到26.44%。     

黄酒中多糖的提取和分析

本文利用单因素和正交试验探究了黄酒中多糖提取工艺条件,并分析了黄酒多糖的化学组分。单因素实验结果表明,乙醇浓度在低于80%时,粗多糖的提取量随着乙醇浓度的增加而增加,高于80%时,粗多糖的量变化不大;醇沉时间到达第8 h时粗多糖的提取量基本达到稳定;在醇沉温度为10℃时粗多糖的量达到最大值。通过正交试验得到的黄酒多糖的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度为80%,醇沉时间为6 h,醇沉温度为5℃。进一步分析纯化后多糖的化学组分为中性糖含量为89.6%、糖醛酸含量为0.48%、蛋白质含量为4%。     

基于改进熵权法结合TOPSIS模型和BPNN建模优化甘草多糖醇沉工艺

基于改进熵权法结合TOPSIS模型和BPNN建模寻求甘草多糖最佳醇沉工艺。在单因素试验基础上采用正交设计,以浓缩比、乙醇体积分数、醇沉时间为影响因素,甘草总糖、单糖、多糖含量及提取量为评价指标,利用改进熵权法确定评价指标权重,分别采用TOPSIS法和综合评分法处理正交结果,结果显示,TOPSIS法所得数据误差更小,最佳醇沉工艺为浓缩比为2.5 mL/g,乙醇体积分数为70%,醇沉时间为20 h。选取正交设计所得综合评分利用BPNN建模进行仿真寻优,得到最佳醇沉工艺为水提液浓缩至2.0 mL/g,调节乙醇体积分数为67%,醇沉24 h。所得最优工艺验证结果表明,BPNN建模所得综合评分误差更小,工艺更加稳定。该方法优选的最佳醇沉工艺稳定可行,可为甘草多糖进一步开发利用提供客观依据和新思路。     

地木耳多糖的提取与纯化研究

对地木耳采用水提醇沉法获得的地木耳多糖粗提取物,采用Sevage法脱蛋白质、醇沉,干燥得粗多糖,进一步用DEAE-52纤维素柱层析分离纯化,用纸色谱和琼脂糖凝胶电泳对洗脱组分进行纯度鉴定。结果表明：Sevage法脱蛋白7次可脱除94%的蛋白质,多糖得率为13.75%。DEAE-52纤维素柱层析后得到10种组分,浓缩干燥后得到白色粉末状多糖组分,每个组分经过纯度鉴定后均为单一的多糖。选择水和NaC l溶液为洗脱剂的温和条件分离纯化多糖效果较好。     

中国楤木根皮多糖超声提取工艺及含量测定

为了筛选超声提取中国楤木根皮粗多糖的工艺,以中国楤木根皮多糖得率为衡量指标,采用水提醇沉法,对中国楤木根皮粗多糖超声提取工艺中提取时间、提取温度、超声功率、料液比4个因素用正交设计法进行优化研究。结果表明:中国楤木根皮粗多糖超声提取最佳工艺为温度70℃,料液比1∶30(g/m L),提取时间80 min,超声功率100 W,此工艺下多糖得率为11.13%。该方法提取的多糖测得稳定性、重现性均良好。所得到的优化提取工艺准确可靠,保证了中国楤木根皮多糖的有效提取。     

槲蕨多糖的提取工艺优化及其抑菌性研究

以槲蕨块茎为材料,采用水提醇沉法提取槲蕨多糖.在单因素考察的基础上,以多糖的得率为响应值,料液比、提取温度、提取时间为自变量,建立数学模型,利用响应面法获得槲蕨多糖的最佳提取工艺.采用纸片扩散法比较了不同浓度多糖的抑菌效果.结果表明:槲蕨多糖最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1:25,提取时间2.0h,提取温度为85℃,在此优化条件下多糖得率为7.57％,与响应面分析预测值7.61％基本相符.槲蕨多糖对杆菌有明显的抑制作用,对供试球菌无明显抑制效果,多糖最低抑菌浓度为10 mg/mL.     

壳聚糖絮凝法精制合欢皮多糖水提液的工艺

采用壳聚糖对合欢皮总多糖的絮凝纯化工艺进行研究。通过单因素和正交试验,得到优化的工艺条件:壳聚糖用量为生药量0.8 mL/g,絮凝温度35℃,絮凝时间4 h,药液浓缩比(质量体积比)为1∶10(g/mL),在此条件下,多糖保留率、脱蛋白率和多糖纯度分别为91.23%、22.26%和47.27%,优于传统的水提醇沉法。     

水提醇沉法提取半枝莲粗多糖中总糖含量的最佳工艺研究

目的：探求传统水提醇沉方法下提取半枝莲粗多糖中总糖最适高效提取方案。方法：通过传统方法以水提取有效成分,以醇除杂精制的方法,改变提取时间、温度、料液比等影响因素,对所获得的半枝莲粗多糖含量进行考查,并通过统计分析方法对工艺进行优化研究。结论：应用水提醇沉法提取半枝莲粗多糖中总糖含量的最佳工艺条件为：浸提温度100℃、料液比1∶3、浸提时间1h。     

Tuning of electronic properties of one-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu-Ni, Cu-Pd, and Cu-Pt bimetallic assemblies by stereochemistry of ligands

Preparations, XPS and electronic spectroscopy, and magnetism of seven new one-dimensional cyano-bridged coordination polymers, chiral [Cu(RR-chxn)₂][Pd(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (1), [Cu(trans-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (2, 4, and 6 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt), and [Cu(cis-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (3, 5, and 7 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt) (RR-chxn = cyclohexane-(1R,2R)-diamine, trans-chxn = racemic trans-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine, and cis-chxn = racemic cis-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine) have been reported in view of tuning of their electronic properties by stereochemistry of chxn ligands and metal-substitution. Comparison of Cu 2p_1/2 and 2p_3/2 peaks of XPS and broad d-d bands around 18 000 cm⁻¹ of electronic spectra are described systematically for 1-7. Variable-temperature magnetic measurement shows that complexes 1-7 indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions via cyano-bridges. Because of semi-coordination coupled with pseudo Jahn-Teller elongation and electrostatic interaction for 1, the axial Cu-N coordination bond distances of 2.330(7) and 3.092(8) Å are considerably longer than those of equatorial ones in the range from 2.016(6) to 2.030(6) Å. The former bond distances of 1 are intermediate values among the related Ni (2.324(6) and 3.120(8) Å) and Pt (2.34(1) and 3.09(1) Å) complexes.     

Influence of Fluoride on Rat Kidney Antioxidant System: Effects of Methionine and Vitamin E

The aim of the study has been to determine and compare the influence upon the kidney antioxidative system, exercised by administration of vitamin E, and vitamin E in combination with methionine, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by sodium fluoride. The experiment was carried out on Wistar FL rats (adult males) that, for 35 days, were administered water, NaF, NaF with vitamin E, or vitamin E with methionine (doses: 10 mg NaF/kg of body mass/24 h, 3 mg vitamin E per 10 μl per rat for 24 h, 2 mg methionine per rat for 24 h). The influence of administered sodium fluoride and antioxidants upon the antioxidative system in kidney was examined by analyzing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes (SOD, total and both its isoenzymes, GPX, GST, GR, and CAT). The studies carried out confirmed the disadvantageous effect of the administered dose of NaF upon the antixodiative system in rats (increase in the concentration MDA, decrease activity of all antioxidative enzymes). The administration of vitamin E increased the activity of studied enzymes with the exception of glutathione reductase GR; it also reduced the procesess of lipid peroxidation. It has been found that combined doses of vitamin E and methionine were most effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation processes. The results confirmed the antioxidative properties of methionine.     

多马胺能药物对鲇鱼促性腺激素（GtH）分泌活动的影响

以珠江流域鲇鱼（silurus asotus)为实验材料,研究了多巴胺（DA）能药物（DA及其D－2型受体拮抗物 ,DOM）对鲇鱼促性腺激素（GtH)释放的影响,结果表明,在性腺发育的各个时期,单独注射DOM（5ug/g)均不能显著提高鲇鱼血液基础GtH水平,当DOM与LHRH－A联合注射时能显著增强LHRH－A刺激GtH释放的作用;DA只能抑制GnRH诱导的GtH释放,对基础GtH释放无抑制作用,这种生殖内分泌调节方式与鲇形目的革胡子鲇（Clarias gariepinus)和大鳍Hu（Mystus macropterus)相似,而与鲤形目的鲁科（Cyrpindiae)鱼类不同。     

Reorientation of Microfibrils and Microtubules at the Outer Epidermal Wall of Maize Coleoptiles During Auxin-Mediated Growth

Auxin-mediated elongation growth of isolated subapical coleoptile segments of maize (Zea mays L.) is controlled by the extensibility of the outer cell wall of the outer epidermis (Kutschera et al., 1987). Here we investigate the hypothesis that auxin controls the extensibility of this wall by changing the orientation of newly deposited microfibrils through a corresponding change in the orientation of cortical microtubules. On the basis of electron micrographs it is shown that cessation of growth after removal of the endogenous source of auxin is correlated with a relative increase of longitudinally orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. Conversely, reinduction of growth by exogenous auxin is correlated with a relative increase of transversely orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. These changes can be detected 30–60 min after the removal and addition of auxin, respectively. The functional significance of directional changes of newly desposited wall microfibrils for the control of elongation growth is discussed.     

Combination of dihydromyricetin and ondansetron strengthens antiproliferative efficiency of adriamycin in K562/ADR through downregulation of SORCIN: A new strategy of inhibiting P-glycoprotein

Though the advancement of chemotherapy drugs alleviates the progress of cancer, long-term therapy with anticancer agents gradually leads to acquired multidrug resistance (MDR), which limits the survival outcomes in patients. It was shown that dihydromyricetin (DMY) could partly reverse MDR by suppressing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein (SORCIN) independently. To reverse MDR more effectively, a new strategy was raised, that is, circumventing MDR by the coadministration of DMY and ondansetron (OND), a common antiemetic drug, during cancer chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the interior relation between P-gp and SORCIN was also revealed. The combination of DMY and OND strongly enhanced antiproliferative efficiency of adriamycin (ADR) because of the increasing accumulation of ADR in K562/ADR-resistant cell line. DMY could downregulate the expression of SORCIN and P-gp via the ERK/Akt pathways, whereas OND could not. In addition, it was proved that SORCIN suppressed ERK and Akt to inhibit P-gp by the silence of SORCIN, however, not vice versa. Finally, the combination of DMY, OND, and ADR led to G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via resuming P53 function and restraining relevant proteins expression. These fundamental findings provided a promising approach for further treatment of MDR.     

Structure and function of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase

In mammals, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) is the only known enzyme to catalyze the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to homocysteine and adenosine. AdoHcy is the product of all adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent biological transmethylations. These reactions have a wide range of products, and are common in all facets of biometabolism. As a product inhibitor, elevated levels of AdoHcy suppress AdoMet-dependent transmethylations. Thus, AdoHcyase is a regulator of biological transmethylation in general. The three-dimensional structure of AdoHcyase complexed with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) and the inhibitor (1′R, 2′S, 3′R)-9-(2′,3′-dihyroxycyclopenten-1-yl)adenine (DHCeA) was solved by a combination of the crystallographic direct methods program, SnB, to determine the selenium atom substructure and by treating the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction data as a special case of multiple isomorphous replacement. The enzyme architecture resembles that observed for NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, with the catalytic domain and the cofactor binding domain each containing a modified Rossmann fold. The two domains form a deep active site cleft containing the cofactor and bound inhibitor molecule. A comparison of the inhibitor complex of the human enzyme and the structure of the rat enzyme, solved without inhibitor, suggests that a 17° rigid body movement of the catalytic domain occurs upon inhibitor/substrate binding.     

Evolution of different oligomeric glycyl-tRNA synthetases

There are two oligomeric types of glycyl-tRNA synthetases (GlyRSs) in genome, the alpha2beta2 tetramer and alpha2 dimer. Here, we showed that the anticodon-binding domains (ABDs) of dimeric and tetrameric GlyRSs are non-homologous, although their catalytic central domains (CCDs) are homologous. The dimeric GlyRS_ABD is fused to the C-terminal of CCD in alpha-subunit, but the tetrameric GlyRS_ABD is to the C-terminal in beta-subunit during evolution. Generally, one species only contains one oligomeric type of GlyRS, but the both oligomeric GlyRSs with the multiple homologous domains can be observed in Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum genome, nevertheless, these homologous domains are probably from different genomes.     

Plasmodium berghei: lack of antimalarial activity of an analogue of folate precursor, 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpteridine in a mouse model

It was earlier hypothesized that the malarial parasite may convert precursors of folate analogues to synthesize de novo inhibitors toxic to itself, but not to the mammalian cell. It was suggested that one such analogue, 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpteridine (DAP) may be converted to aminopterin (AMP), a known dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of DAP to inhibit proliferation of Plasmodium berghei NK65 in mice, with(out) folinic acid rescue. Cumulative dosages of DAP ranging from 0.1 to 20 mg/kg bw. administered either orally or intraperitoneally showed no suppression of parasite growth, or gave mild activities that were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Our findings do not seem to support the hypothesis of selective de novo metabolism of DAP to AMP by the malarial parasite.     

围隔藻类水华演替过程中二甲基硫化物的含量动态

于2005年6月至7月,研究了海洋围隔不同藻类水华演替过程中二甲基硫化物的含量动态,并考察了相关环境参数对二甲基硫化物含量的影响。2个围隔实验组均出现未知藻水华-硅藻水华-甲藻水华的演替过程,这3次不同藻类水华分别对应了二甲基硫化物含量的3次高峰,表明藻类水华对二甲基硫化物含量有重要贡献。不同藻类水华的贡献有较大差异,甲藻水华的贡献最大,硅藻次之,未知藻类水华的贡献最小。实验结果还表明PO4^3-、NO2^-和NH4^＋主要通过影响藻类生长状态,进而影响DMSP和DMSO的含量;NO2^-和NH4^＋亦可能通过调节DMSP和DMSO在藻细胞内的生理功能,影响DMSP和DMSO的含量;PO4^3-、NO2^-和NH4^＋与DMS含量无显著相关。     

In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. IV. Differential mitogen responses of isolated T and B cells.

The mitogenic responses of separated rabbit lymphocyte populations functionally analogous to mouse T and B cells have been tested in vitro. Purified T cells were prepared by passage over nylon wool (NW) and purified B cells prepared by treatment with antithymocyte serum and complement (ATS + C). ATS + C kills 70% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's) and 50% of the spleen cells while passage over NW yields 40% of the applied PBL's and 5–23% of the applied spleen cells. NW-purified T cells from the spleen or PBL's respond fully to concanavalin A (Con A) but have a reduced response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and little or no response to goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (anti-Ig). PBL's that survive ATS + C (B cells) are stimulated by anti-Ig but not by Con A or PHA. B cells purified from spleen do not respond to Con A or PHA but will respond to anti-Ig under appropriate conditions. A full spleen B-cell response to anti-Ig required removal of Ig produced by the cultures that blocked anti-Ig stimulation. It is concluded that, for rabbit lymphocytes, Con A and PHA are primarily T-cell mitogens and that anti-Ig is primarily a B-cell mitogen. However, the mitogen response of unfractionated PBL or spleen cell populations indicates an overlap in reactivity. This could be due to cells sharing T and B properties, alteration of cell populations by the fractionation procedures used, or recruitment of one population in the presence of a mitogenic response of the other population.