响应面法优化耐有机溶剂脂肪酶营养条件

目的：通过优化蜡状芽孢杆菌SWWL6产耐有机溶剂脂肪酶营养条件,产酶量有较大提高。方法与结果：通过单因素实验确定了产酶的最佳碳源、氮源及无机盐分别为可溶性淀粉、酵母膏、NH4NO3、MgSO4·7H2O和NaCl。部分因子实验结果表明初始培养基中酵母膏、NH4NO3的质量浓度对产酶的影响显著。通过最陡爬坡实验逼近最大响应区域。以中心组合设计和响应面分析法确定了最优培养基。结论：优化的培养基为酵母膏0.64%、NH4NO30.384%、可溶性淀粉1%、MgSO4·7H2O0.1%、NaCl0.25%、甲苯20%。优化后脂肪酶相对酶活为348.44%,比优化前提高了3.48倍。     

酵母产γ-氨基丁酸发酵培养基的优化

目的:提高酵母产γ-氨基丁酸的能力。方法:采用单因素及正交设计实验对酵母产γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的培养基进行优化。结果:确定最适碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为蛋白胨和硫酸铵复合氮源,合适的无机盐为KH2PO4;最佳发酵培养基为3%葡萄糖,3%蛋白胨,0.3%(NH4)2SO4和0.1%KH2PO4。在此培养条件下,摇瓶发酵可以获得1.690g.L-1的GABA产量。结论:发酵培养基的优化,提高了菌株产γ-氨基丁酸的能力。     

酵母产γ-氨基丁酸发酵培养基的优化

目的：提高酵母产γ-氨基丁酸的能力。方法：采用单因素及正交设计实验对酵母产γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的培养基进行优化。结果：确定最适碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为蛋白胨和硫酸铵复合氮源,合适的无机盐为KH2PO4;最佳发酵培养基为3%葡萄糖,3%蛋白胨,0.3%（NH4）2SO4和0.1%KH2PO4。在此培养条件下,摇瓶发酵可以获得1.690g.L-1的GABA产量。结论：发酵培养基的优化,提高了菌株产γ-氨基丁酸的能力。     

双酶水解紫贻贝制备酵母调味料研究*

利用复合蛋白酶、复合风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶对紫贻贝进行双酶水解,水解效果比较后选择使用复合蛋白酶和复合风味蛋白酶作为复合水解酶,同时采用产酯酵母发酵技术制备调味料,通过电位滴定法测定单菌株和多菌株发酵对双酶水解贻贝肉产总酯的影响。结果表明:产酯酵母1274在双酶水解后,接种量为5%,发酵温度28℃,发酵时间72h时总酯含量为0.65%,相同条件下,产酯酵母1274和1202多菌株发酵时总酯含量为0.78%,经产酯酵母发酵后的调味料,酯香味浓郁,给予产品以发酵特有的风味。     

桔青霉生产核酸酶的发酵条件研究

对通过紫外线和60Co两次育种得到的桔青霉W48高产菌株培养基的单组分和发酵条件进行了优化,最后又用正交实验对培养基的各组分的浓度进行了优化。得到了产酶量最高的培养基组分(质量分数)是:KH2PO40.05%,K2HPO40.03%,酵母膏+蛋白胨0.7%,CaCl20.02%,MgSO40.04%,ZnSO40.03%,葡萄糖5%,pH5.5。最佳发酵条件是:接种量10%,装液量50 mL,摇床转速180 r/min,温度30℃,发酵时间66 h。用最佳培养基和最佳发酵条件发酵生产核酸酶的酶活力为758.10 U/mL,原始菌种产核酸酶的酶活力为272.26 U/mL,提高了2.78倍。     

响应面法优化赖氨酸脱羧酶产酶培养基

目的:对蜂房哈夫尼菌产L-赖氨酸脱羧酶培养基进行优化.方法:采用响应面优化的方法.首先单因素实验得到最适培养基成分为:葡萄糖2%,酵母膏2%,MsSO40.03%,KH2PO40.01%,NaCl 0.3%,L-赖氨酸0.5%,维生素B6 0.1%,玉米浆4%,酶活达到180.85U/mL.在此基础上,用PB试验筛选出对酶活影响显著的3个因素(葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆),再通过Box-behnken实验对这三个因素进行优化.结果:得到产酶最佳培养基为葡萄糖1.84%,酵母膏2.20%,玉米浆3.66%,MgSO40.03%,K2HPO4 0.01%,NaCl 0.3%,L-赖氨酸0.5%,维生素B60.1%.结论:响应面优化的方法使酶活达到203.14U/mL,比优化前的比酶活(7.03U/ML)提高28.9倍,在单因素的基础上提高了11.3%.     

固定化酵母细胞产增香酯的研究

本工作在研究固定化己酸菌的基础上,进一步用海藻酸钙固定化酵母细胞,用活细胞计数法探讨了固定化酵母细胞的存活状态及增殖情况,从促进产酯能力上对固定化酵母和游离酵母进行了比较,并将其应用于白酒发酵之中与已酸菌液共同发酵生成己酸乙酯,可以使普通白酒的主体香气成份提高2.5倍,因此,认为固定化酵母细胞产增香酯在改进白酒质量上将很有前途。     

海洋真菌产抗菌物质培养基及其性质研究

目的:海洋真菌Fy-04产抗菌物质培养基及性质研究.方法:管碟法测定抑菌效果确定海洋真菌Fy-04产抗菌物质的培养基及其性质.结果:海洋真菌Fy-04产抗菌物质对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌最佳培养基组成为:马铃薯海水浸出液60%,葡萄糖2%,蛋白胨1%,酵母膏0.1%,抑菌圈直径34.6mm;对大肠杆菌抑菌最佳培养基组成为:葡萄糖2%,蛋白胨0.7%,酵母膏0.1%,FePO4 0.04%,抑菌圈直径21.6mm;抗菌物质80℃处理1h,残留活性60%以上,pH稳定范围在pH 6.0～10.0.结论:该菌株代谢产物对细菌有较好的抑菌效果,并能溶于乙醚、三氯甲烷中等极性的有机溶剂中.     

烟草节杆菌肌酐酶发酵培养基优化

对烟草节杆菌发酵产酶培养基进行了优化。在烟草节杆菌的初始发酵培养基条件下,肌酐酶初始酶活仅为9.2U/g湿菌。首先,通过肌酸诱导、金属离子筛选实验发现肌酸和金属离子对烟草节杆菌产肌酐酶酶活有重要影响;然后再通过碳源和氮源优化,以玉米浆和酵母膏作为复合氮源,可溶性淀粉为碳源,肌酐酶产量可达到108.5 U/g湿菌;在以上基础上,最后通过两次正交试验优化初始发酵培养基,最优培养基组成为:肌酸0.3%,玉米浆0.3%,可溶性淀粉0.4%,酵母膏0.7%,Fe~2+0.003%,Mn~2+0.006%,Mg~2+0.005%,K_2HPO_40.1%,KCl 0.5%。在优化后的发酵培养基条件下,烟草节杆菌肌酐酶酶活达到182.82 U/g湿菌,为初始发酵培养基酶活的19.87倍。     

粗壮假丝酵母(Candida valida 20231)产脂肪酶发酵条件的研究

对粗壮假丝酵母(Candida valida 20231)产脂肪酶所需的培养基成分和发酵条件进行了优化。结果表明,粗壮假丝酵母在接种后3 h即进入对数期,18 h后转入稳定期,66 h后进入衰退期;发酵36 h达到最大酶活,至72 h仍然无明显下降趋势。最适合的培养基成分为:4.0%大豆粉,2.0%菜籽油,0.3%葡萄糖,0.3%NH_4NO_3,1.2%K_2HPO_4,0.42%NaH_2PO_4,0.4%MgSO_4·7H_2O。使用优化的培养基,最佳产酶的条件为:装液量80 mL(250 mL摇瓶),初始pH 6,接种量为2.0%,种子菌龄为12 h。在最佳产酶条件下,脂肪酶活力达到32.6 U/mL。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.