两株解磷真菌的解磷能力及其解磷机理的初步研究

从不同处理的水稻土壤中分离筛选出两株高效解磷真菌HP2、P5,研究了不同碳源条件对溶磷效果的影响,以及解磷菌株在不同的碳源培养条件下,溶磷量与培养介质pH值之间的相关性。结果表明,HP2菌株解磷能力在不同的测定时间内均高于P5菌株;不同碳源培养基的溶磷量顺序为蔗糖〉葡萄糖〉纤维素,且彼此差异显著：测定时间内,菌株的溶磷量与介质pH值之间存在极显著相关性（P〈0．01）。     

杨树根际解无机磷细菌Mp1-Ha4的鉴定及其解磷机理

解无机磷细菌能够溶解土壤中的难溶性磷酸盐,增加土壤有效磷含量,促进植物生长。以一株杨树根际土壤中筛选得到的解无机磷细菌Mp1-Ha4为研究对象,利用分子生物学的方法对该菌株进行鉴定,测定了其对磷酸钙、磷酸铝和磷酸铁的解磷能力,并对该菌株9 d内的磷酸钙溶解动力学进行了研究。结果表明,解无机磷细菌Mp1-Ha4为一株西地西菌Cedecea sp.,其对磷酸钙的溶解能力远强于对磷酸铝和磷酸铁的溶解能力。在NBRIP液体培养基中,该菌株对磷酸钙的溶解能力达到了497.4 mg/L,在其对磷酸钙解磷过程中,培养基pH及可滴定酸度与解磷量分别呈显著负、正相关。高效液相色谱分析显示,该菌株在解磷过程中分泌了大量有机酸,主要包括α-酮戊二酸,酒石酸和苹果酸。分泌有机酸,降低环境pH可能是解无机磷细菌西地西菌(Cedecea sp.)Mp1-Ha4溶解难溶性磷酸盐的主要机制,同时该菌株对磷酸钙的高效溶解作用使其具有较大的研究和应用前景。     

一株高效解磷肠膜明串珠菌的分离鉴定及解磷能力研究

【背景】植物根际土壤含有多种溶磷微生物,但是具有溶磷能力的肠膜明串珠菌未见报道。【目的】从脐橙根际土壤分离高效解磷菌,研究其解磷应用。【方法】通过初筛和复筛从23株菌中筛选解磷能力较强的菌株,同时采用钼蓝比色法测定磷含量。通过测定发酵液中小分子有机酸含量、磷酸酯酶酶活及pH值的变化,探究菌株的解磷机理。【结果】经过筛选得到9株具有一定解磷能力的菌株。通过菌种16S rRNA基因序列分析和生理生化实验确定其中一株菌为肠膜明串珠菌,命名为肠膜明串珠菌G7。培养基初始pH6.0、碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为硫酸铵时G7的解磷能力较佳。G7发酵过程中产生大量有机酸,而其酸性磷酸酯酶活性高于碱性磷酸酯酶。【结论】碳源、氮源以及初始pH值都能影响G7的解磷能力,其解磷能力主要缘于在发酵过程中产生了大量小分子有机酸,关于G7的解磷机理还需要更深入的研究。     

两株解磷真菌的解磷能力及其解磷机理的初步研究*

从不同处理的水稻土壤中分离筛选出两株高效解磷真菌HP2、P5,研究了不同碳源条件对溶磷效果的影响,以及解磷菌株在不同的碳源培养条件下,溶磷量与培养介质pH值之间的相关性。结果表明,HP2菌株解磷能力在不同的测定时间内均高于P5菌株;不同碳源培养基的溶磷量顺序为蔗糖>葡萄糖>纤维素,且彼此差异显著;测定时间内,菌株的溶磷量与介质pH值之间存在极显著相关性(P<0.01)。     

一株高效解磷菌的筛选及其解磷效果验证

为开发新型、安全及高效的解磷菌肥,从农田中分离筛选出多株菌,通过解磷能力验证,最终选出解磷能力最强的X-P18菌株,经16S rDNA分析鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌。同时,通过优化X-P18菌株液体发酵培养条件并测定发酵液中小分子有机酸种类,初步探究菌株的解磷机理。将该解磷菌施用于黑叶葵扇白菜盆栽,并对小白菜的基本指标进行分析。结果表明,X-P18菌株在无机磷液体培养基中,溶磷量为495.4 mg/L,具有分泌乙酸及其他少量小分子有机酸的特性。培养基初始接种量为1%、pH8.0、碳源为甘露糖、氮源为硫酸铵、培养温度为30℃时,X-P18菌株的解磷能力最佳,溶磷量为582.4 mg/L,比优化前高出17.6%。在X-P18菌剂添加量为2×10~9CFU/盆时,对黑叶葵扇白菜的促生效果最明显,鲜重增加65.5%,叶片全磷含量增加46.9%。     

不动杆菌JL-1菌株的解磷机理

【背景】不动杆菌(Acinetobacter indicus) JL-1菌株可将土壤中难溶性磷转化为植物可吸收利用的可溶性磷,但其解磷机理尚不明确。【目的】探讨不动杆菌JL-1菌株的解磷机理。【方法】采用钼蓝比色法测定菌株在不同难溶性磷源中的解磷效果,确定最佳磷源;通过粒径测定法、超声破碎法、高效液相色谱法等多种方法,检测不动杆菌JL-1菌株在解磷过程中对磷酸钙的溶解作用、对磷的固化作用及产有机酸和磷酸酶酶活情况。【结果】不动杆菌JL-1菌株在磷酸钙液体培养基中解磷效果最佳,解磷量在48 h达到最高值118.04μg/mL。在解磷过程中,JL-1菌株对磷酸钙具有溶解作用,菌株自身固化了部分磷;可溶性磷的释放是发酵过程中产生的葡萄糖酸、丙酸、乙酸、乳酸等多种有机酸与磷酸酶共同作用的结果,有机酸中丙酸含量最高可达118.11 mg/mL;酸性磷酸酶酶活最高为22901.32μmol/(L·h),碱性磷酸酶酶活最高为23826.02μmol/(L·h)。【结论】不动杆菌JL-1菌株在解磷过程中对磷酸钙颗粒显示出一定的溶解作用,通过分泌有机酸和磷酸酶使可溶性磷释放,同时菌体固化了一部分磷,本研究为不动杆菌应用于农业生产提供了一定的实验数据参考。     

海南生态区植物根际解磷细菌的筛选及分子鉴定

【目的】了解海南酸性土壤解磷细菌溶解Ca3(PO4)2和FePO4特性;筛选高效稳定的解磷菌株,为应用研究提供菌源。【方法】采集海南21种植物的根际土样品,用营养琼脂、结晶紫-营养琼脂、酵母粉-甘露醇琼脂,稀释涂布法分离土壤细菌,选取平板上菌落形态有明显区别的代表性菌落,用最低营养琼脂进行纯化;Ⅰ筛用Ca3(PO4)2固体培养基培养5 d,挑取有溶磷圈的菌落;Ⅱ筛用Ca3(PO4)2培养液在32℃、200 r/min条件培养6 d,挑取解磷量大于200 mg/L的菌株;Ⅲ筛是在4次继代培养及每次15 d的4℃保藏后,用Ca3(PO4)2培养液培养6 d,挑取解磷量大于200 mg /L的菌株。称Ⅲ筛的选出菌株为高效稳定的解磷细菌(PSBHS),用FePO4培养液对PSBHS培养6 d,并测定解磷量;用简并引物扩增PSBHS 16S rDNA基因一个长度约1460 bp的片段,测序后,通过Blast检索同源序列,鉴定解磷细菌分类。【结果】共分离到363个代表性菌株,通过Ⅰ筛、Ⅱ筛、Ⅲ筛的代表性菌株分别是126个、45个、14个;14个PSBHS在Ca3(PO4)2培养液中经6 d培养,解磷量达201.0 mg/L ~623.3 mg/L,培养结束时pH值(3.82~4.34)与解磷量呈极显著负相关（r = -0.8155)。14个PSBHS在FePO4培养液中经6 d培养,解磷量只有1.6 mg/L ~34.2 mg/L,培养结束时pH值(2.87~5.67)与解磷量也呈极显著负相关(r = -0.6836)。16S rDNA序列分析,确定了6个PSBHS为Acinetobacter, 3个为Pseudomonas, 3个为Serratia, 2个为Enterobacter。     

一株解磷细菌的筛选、鉴定及其溶磷培养条件的优化

从土壤作物根际筛选分离出的一株解磷能力较强的溶磷菌P0417,对其进行16S r DNA基因水平上的初步鉴定,测定其溶解磷的能力,并对该菌的溶磷培养基条件进行优化。结果表明,经序列分析,确定该菌株P0417为洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌。且其溶磷能力与培养液p H呈显著相关性,当培养基条件为葡萄糖10 g/L、草酸铵0.5 g/L、Na Cl 1.0 g/L时,菌株P0417对Ca3(PO4)2盐培养基具有较好的解磷能力,其解磷能力可达791.84μg/m L。     

油用牡丹根际解有机磷细菌的筛选及解磷功能研究

油用牡丹作为市场上新兴的木本油料作物,土壤有效磷缺乏严重制约油用牡丹生长发育以及产量和品质的提升。分离筛选油用牡丹高效解磷细菌,充分发挥其根际微生物的作用,是实现油用牡丹高产优质目标、保障农业绿色发展的有效途径。以不同生长年限油用牡丹‘凤丹’根际土壤为研究对象,选用以植酸钙为磷源的培养基,利用平板稀释法分离筛选具有解有机磷能力的细菌,并利用16S rDNA测序技术对菌株进行鉴定,结合溶磷圈法和钼锑抗比色法分析其解磷能力。从一、三、四年生油用牡丹根际土壤中共筛选出14株解有机磷菌株。其中隶属于芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属的各有5株,隶属于节杆菌属的有3株,还有1株隶属于新鞘氨醇杆菌属;14株解有机磷菌株溶磷指数和溶磷效率分别在1.6-9.0以及60%-800%之间,其中一年生油用牡丹根际筛选到的菌株FD1-15的溶磷指数和溶磷效率均最高;培养液中速效磷含量为2.88-5.30 mg/L,活化率在26.44%-62.13%之间,解磷能力和活化能力最强的是从三年生油用牡丹根际筛选获得的菌株FD3-13,隶属于芽孢杆菌属。这为提高油用牡丹的产油量和食用品质提供理论和技术支撑,同时也为微生物菌肥的研发...     

麦田土壤解无机磷细菌的分离、筛选及其解磷效果

通过选择性解磷细菌培养基从麦田土壤中分离、纯化解无机磷细菌,并用钼蓝比色法定量研究磷细菌的解磷效果。结果表明通过选择性平板分离,发现麦田土壤中有15个菌株有解无机磷的作用,根据菌株直径和其解磷圈的大小,确定解磷能力较强的菌株9个;经过进一步分离纯化,选出单一无杂菌的菌株7个。解磷菌株经摇瓶培养后,比色测定培养液中磷的含量,通过比较发现其中5个菌株的解磷效果要显著优于其它两个菌株（P=0.05）。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.