一款特殊医学用途配方食品物性研究与均匀性评价

目的：采用干法混合工艺,在指定的混合工艺条件下研制一款特殊医学用途全营养粉。方法：以堆密度、振实密度、压缩度、休止角和粒径分布为评价指标,研究主要原料的物理特性,并对产品的均匀性进行评价。结果与结论：在该工艺条件下,采用本配方所使用的原料,能够生产出一款混合均匀的特殊医学用途全营养粉。     

盐酸奥洛他定片处方及制备工艺研究

目的:考察及筛选盐酸奥洛他定片的处方及制备工艺。方法:通过系列试验筛选崩解剂用量、片剂硬度、粉末直接压片和湿法制粒工艺、主要与辅料混合工艺等条件,确定处方及制备工艺。结果:确定了盐酸奥洛他定片的处方和制备工艺,崩解剂交联羧甲基纤维素钠用量为5%,采用等量递加法混合后湿法制粒,控制片剂硬度在40N-50N之间压片,薄膜包衣,即得。结论:盐酸奥洛他定片的处方合理、工艺可行,符合片剂的质量标准。     

Box-Behnken响应面法优化金线莲颗粒成型工艺

以填充剂种类、辅料配比、原料用量、干燥温度和黏合剂用量为考察因素,以颗粒合格率、溶化性、吸湿性和感官评价的总评归一值(OD)作为评价指标,采用单因素实验并结合响应面优化设计优选金线莲颗粒剂最佳成型工艺。结果表明,最佳成型工艺为辅料乳糖:糊精=3:1,原料药比例7.01%、干燥温度50 ℃,按此方案进行试验,预测颗粒成型率87.18%,吸湿率8.22%,溶化时间34.95 s,感官评价81分。采用响应面法优化金线莲颗粒的成型工艺结果可靠,可为金线莲颗粒剂的工业化生产提供依据。     

双黄连胶囊沸腾制粒工艺研究

目的:确定双黄连胶囊的制粒工艺条件。方法:以水分为考察指标,通过正交实验考察浸膏相对密度、进风温度、喷雾压力、蠕动泵转速四因素对颗粒的影响。结论:最佳工艺条件为浸膏相对密度1.10、进风温度90℃、喷雾压力0.4MPa、蠕动泵转速200r/min。     

微生态活菌片剂生产中干法制粒粒度分布对产品质量的影响

目的探讨干法制粒工艺中粒度分布对微生态活菌片剂质量的影响。方法应用干法制粒工艺制造粉料,通过对不同粒径的片重、硬度和脆碎度进行测定,确定出压制素片的颗粒最佳粒径范围,然后对工艺参数压辊压力、加料速度和压辊转速进行正交试验,选择所制颗粒的粒径与最佳粒径一致的工艺为最优工艺,再通过对最佳工艺压制出的片剂进行稳定性研究,从而验证粒径对产品质量的影响。结果粒径分布在20~80目时,片剂重量、硬度和脆碎度的结果不仅符合标准还较稳定。工艺参数中压辊压力为110KN、加料转速为70rpm、压辊转速为9.0rpm时所压制片剂的粒径范围在20~80目时所占最大,约97.82%。对产品中长双歧杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的6个月稳定性检测再次确定粒径分布在20~80目时,产品质量最优。结论干法制粒工艺粉料粒径分布在20~80目时,微生态活菌片剂质量为最优。     

芍甘颗粒制备工艺研究

优选芍甘颗粒的提取工艺及制备工艺。方法:正交试验法,以芍药苷及出膏率为综合评价指标,优选提取工艺。从吸湿率、粒度、含水量、溶化性等多指标综合考察各种赋形剂,优选赋形剂及配伍比例制备颗粒剂。结果:最佳工艺为12倍量水煎煮3次,每次1小时。提取液浓缩、干燥后,与糊精(5:1)与甜蜜素(1:0.02)混匀,乙醇(95%)润湿制粒。     

大枣泡腾颗粒的制备工艺研究

目的：确定大枣泡腾颗粒的最佳制备工艺。方法：采用单因素试验,以枸橼酸、碳酸氢钠为泡腾剂,用PEG 6000包裹碳酸氢钠,对大枣泡腾颗粒剂的辅料配比进行筛选。结果：PEG 6000与碳酸氢钠的比例为2∶1,枸橼酸与碳酸氢钠的比例为1.2∶1,制备的大枣泡腾颗粒崩解迅速,溶液澄清,无沉淀,口感良好。结论：大枣泡腾颗粒的研制为大枣相关产品的开发提供了科学依据。     

朝鲜蓟提取物颗粒剂的制备工艺研究

以单因素试验为基础，采用正交实验设计优化制备朝鲜蓟(Cynara scolymus)提取物颗粒剂的最佳工艺条件。以原料与辅料配比、原料药比例、乙醇浓度及干燥温度为考察因素，以颗粒合格率、溶化时间作为评价指标，采用L₉(3⁴)正交试验分别对颗粒合格率、溶化时间进行直观分析及方差分析。结果表明，最佳成型工艺为乳糖:糊精=3:1，乙醇浓度60%，原料药比例7.0%，干燥温度50 ℃。按此方案进行验证实验，颗粒性状良好，颗粒合格率为91.45%，含水量4.90%，减失重量不超过2.0%，溶解时间85.67 s，均符合2020年中国药典有关规定。通过正交试验优选的颗粒剂制备工艺稳定、简便易行，为朝鲜蓟提取物的剂型开发及工业化生产颗粒剂提供理论依据。     

食用菌调味品造粒工艺研究

应用压力成型法、搅拌法和沸腾法对食用菌调味品进行造粒,并对制成的颗粒的成型率、颗粒外观、粒度分布、吸湿性和流动性等有关指标进行评价和比较。结果表明,造粒后颗粒成型率达到90%以上,临界相对湿度达到53%以上,比粉状原料防潮性能更强。压力成型法所制颗粒的成型率、吸湿性和流动性均为最好,在3种造粒方法中最适于食用菌调味品的造粒生产。     

海洋耐高温酸性α-淀粉酶水解玉米淀粉的研究

为开发适用于工业生产的新型酶制剂,以实验室自主构建的基因工程菌所产的新型海洋耐高温酸性α-淀粉酶为液化酶,以玉米淀粉液化后的DE值为指标,研究影响玉米淀粉的液化的因素,确定该酶水解玉米淀粉的最佳工艺条件。新型海洋耐高温酸性α-淀粉酶最佳的工艺条件为温度85℃、时间90 min、粉浆浓度250 g/L、酶用量32 U/g淀粉。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.