8mol/L脲中rhIL-3含量的测定

为解决8mol／L脉中rhIL－3的定量问题,以卵清蛋白作内标,进行常规SDS－PAGE后,作激光灰度扫描,并计算rhIL－3和卵清蛋白的峰面积,发现两种蛋白峰面积的比值与rhIL－3浓度在0．2－1．0mg／ml间呈良好线性关系。查标准曲线可以计算出8mol／L脲中rhIL－3的含量。重复性测定表明该法具有较好的重现性。     

乳杆菌表面粘附蛋白的提取、鉴定及粘附特异性的初步研究

以从健康牙鲆肠道中分离筛选的乳杆菌L15(Lactobacillussp.L15)和嗜酸乳杆菌ATCC4356为实验材料,应用5mol/L LiCl提取其表面蛋白,利用蛋白印迹法鉴定出在L15表面蛋白中分子量为61.8kDa和54.6kDa的蛋白质分别参与对牙鲆和鲤鱼粘液的粘附过程,为新发现的粘附蛋白种类,将其命名为MAPPpo1和MAPPcc。ATCC4356中分子量分别为43.0kDa和63.3kDa的两个表面蛋白参与对牙鲆粘液的粘附,而分子量为43.0kDa的蛋白参与对鲤鱼粘液的粘附。同时,蛋白质印迹法显示,L15和ATCC4356在牙鲆和鲤鱼肠粘液中均具有相同的粘附受体,在牙鲆肠粘液中是分子量为29.7kDa和30.3kDa的两种蛋白质,而在鲤鱼肠粘液中只有分子量为26.2kDa的蛋白作为受体参与L15和ATCC4356的粘附过程。结果显示,乳杆菌对肠粘液的粘附不但具有菌种的特异性,而且也有宿主的特异性。     

嗜酸乳杆菌S-层蛋白联合抗生素对Escherichia coli和Staphylococcus aureus的抑制作用研究

旨在检测嗜酸乳杆菌S-层蛋白以及S-层蛋白与抗生素联用对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的抑制作用。采用液体发酵培养法获得嗜酸乳杆菌菌体,LiCl法提取S-层蛋白粗提物,凝胶过滤层析法纯化S-层蛋白,分别用E.coli和S.aureus处理Caco-2细胞2 h后,考察S-层蛋白在不同浓度和不同作用时间条件下对E.coli和S.aureus的抑制作用,并考察S-层蛋白联合抗生素对E.coli和S.aureus的抑制作用,实验分组:(1)空白对照;(2)嗜酸乳杆菌组;(3)S-层蛋白组;(4)抗生素组;(5)嗜酸乳杆菌+抗生素组;(6)S-层蛋白+抗生素组。结果显示,液体发酵得到嗜酸乳杆菌菌体,提取并纯化得到S-层蛋白;S-层蛋白对E.coli和S.aureus有很好的抑制效果,具有浓度依赖性,高浓度下抑制率达到42.2%和31.7%,差异极显著(P<0.01),且在E.coli和S.aureus作用的短时间内干预效果明显,0 h时的抑制率分别达到59.3%和48.4%;S-层蛋白联合抗生素的抑菌率分别达到81.7%和79.3%,差异极显著(P<0.01),效果优于单独使用抗生素。嗜酸乳杆菌S-层蛋白具有较强的抑菌作用,可以与抗生素联用,有望开发称为一种新型的抗菌药物。     

嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM对Caco-2细胞中PTX3基因表达的影响

【目的】研究嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM对肠道上皮细胞中免疫与炎症介质因子PTX3表达的影响,并进一步揭示其调节机制。【方法】嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM与Caco-2细胞共培养0、2、4、8和12 h,提取细胞RNA,采用RealTime RT-PCR方法检测PTX3基因的表达。嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM与Caco-2细胞共培养0、0.5、1、2和4 h,提取细胞蛋白质,采用Western blot方法检测NF-κB的磷酸化水平;用NF-κB的特异性抑制剂PDTC预处理Caco-2细胞30 min,然后加入嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM作用2 h,提取细胞RNA,采用Real Time RT-PCR方法检测PTX3基因的表达。【结果】嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM与Caco-2细胞共培养后能诱导PTX3的表达,并且在共培养4 h的时候PTX3的表达量达到最大,然后逐渐下降;嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM能快速的诱导NF-κB的磷酸化,并且在加入其特异性抑制剂PDTC后,PTX3的表达显著下降。【结论】嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM作用于肠道上皮细胞后能够通过迅速激活NF-κB途径暂时性的调控PTX3的表达。     

诱导选育嗜酸乳杆菌的鉴定

对亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变获得的嗜酸乳杆菌菌株的抗酸、抗胆盐及多项酶活力进行测定。亚硝基胍诱变的嗜酸乳杆菌培养于模拟胃肠环境的pH 3.5酸性环境90 min后,再培养于中性0.2%胆盐环境中,对其生长情况进行评估。对抗酸抗胆盐菌株的各项酶活性进行评估。嗜酸乳杆菌突变后筛选的2株菌株都具有良好的抗酸和抗胆盐能力,其中突变株Y48在模拟胃肠环境中生长良好,并具有良好的酶活性。诱变获得的优良嗜酸乳杆菌株,具有良好的抗酸抗胆盐及酶活各项性能,为开发优质的嗜酸乳杆菌新产品提供了条件。     

地衣芽孢杆菌JF-UN122碱性蛋白酶的分离纯化与性质

地衣芽孢杆菌JF—UN122的发酵液,以硫酸铵分段盐析得粗酶,再经DEAE—Sephadex A—50吸附色素、CM—Sephadex C-50离子交换及Sephadex G—75柱层析等步骤获得电泳纯的碱性蛋白酶。SDS-PAGE测得其分子量为31．6KDa。以酪蛋白为底物时,酶的Km为5．26μg／min,Vm为20．8μg／min。酶的最适pH为9．0,最适温度为55℃,pH5～11,55℃以下酶较稳定,对1mol／LH2O2具有一定的耐氧化性。PMSF对酶抑制,二硫苏糖醇(DTT)有保护作用,钙离子、EDTA、SDS、尿素等对酶无明显影响。     

原生质体融合技术选育分解草酸乳酸菌菌株的研究

将具有草酸分解能力的乳双歧杆菌和具有耐氧特性的嗜酸乳杆菌进行原生质体融合,其最佳条件为:50%的PEG6000,融合温度30℃,融合时间为7 min,CaCl2浓度为0.02 mol/L,MgCl2浓度为0.5 mol/L,在此条件下融合率可达7.6%。从中筛选出同时具有耐氧特性和草酸分解能力的融合子,草酸分解率为13.4%。     

番茄随机扩增DNA多态性体系的条件优化

利用改进的SDS法提取代号为03748的栽培番茄叶片基因组DNA。对影响番茄随机扩增DNA多态性（RAPD）扩增结果的因素进行了分析,确定了模板、Mg^2＋、dNTPs、引物和Tap DNA聚合酶的适宜浓度及反应的最佳循环次数。实验结果表明,在以下条件下,番茄的RAPD扩增效果较好：20μL反应体系中使用20-40ng的模板、1．5-2．0mmol／L的Mg^2＋、0．15＋0．20μmol／L的dNTPs、0．15-2．0μmol／L的引物、1．0U的Taq DNA聚合酶;94℃预变性5min,然后经94℃变性1min、360℃ 1min、720℃ 1．5min,进行35个循环,最后在72℃时再延伸10min。     

携带TRAIL的溶瘤腺病毒联合LiCl对癌细胞的生长抑制效应

研究糖原合成激酶3的抑制剂LiCl联合携带TRA／L基因的溶瘤腺病毒Ad．sp—ElA—E1B（△55kDa）．TRAIL—Flag（Ad．sp—TRAIL—Flag）对癌细胞的体外杀伤作用。采用MTT法检测癌症特异性病毒Ad．sp—TRAIL—Flag联合药物LiCl对三种癌症细胞株的生长抑制作用;通过结晶紫实验进一步检测联合用药的杀伤效果：进而通过Western blot实验检测联合作用对癌细胞中TRAIL蛋白表达的影响,最后通过流式细胞仪检测其对癌细胞的凋亡作用。结果显示,LiCl联合Ad．sp—TRAIL．Flag的处理对癌细胞的增殖抑制作用明显优于两者单独使用。Western blot实验证明,LiCl可提高溶瘤腺病毒Ad．sp—TRAIL—FIag处理后TRAIL蛋白的表达水平,从而增强了溶瘤腺病毒Ad．sp—TRAIL—Flag通过乃己4儿的信号通路的杀伤效果。     

固定化诺卡氏菌细胞生产L(+)酒石酸的研究

用明胶包埋酒石酸诺卡氏菌(Nocardia tartaricans SWl3—57)得到顺式环氧琥珀酸开环水解酶活力较高的固定化细胞。固定化细胞的最适温度为30～45℃,而游离细胞的最适温度为35～45℃。两者的最适pH均为8．0～9．0,固定化细胞的表观米氏常数Km为0．256mol／L,而游离细胞有底物抑制作用,在底物浓度小于0．45mol／L时Km为0．246mol／L。用固定化细胞装柱(y=100ml),pH8．S,温度37℃,稀释速率D=0．25h^-1,以0．5mol／L浓度顺式环氧琥珀酸钠溶液为底物,连续运转53d,平均产L(+)酒石酸66．95g／L,克分子转化率为92．09％,反应器生产能力达到16．58g／L·h。     

芽枝孢霉菌在0.50mol/L盐酸溶液中生存状况观察分析

为观察研究霉菌在不同生态环境下的生存状况,采用肉眼观察和显微镜下观察,并与其他霉菌鉴别比较。经约1 a时间的观察研究和鉴别鉴定,该菌符合芽枝孢霉菌特征。该菌具有较强的生命力,嗜酸,无需固形物支持,在液态环境中也能生存,说明芽枝孢霉菌在自然界环境条件下极易存活,至于是否对动植物和人类产生危害,还有待于深入研究。     

Nucleic acid induced unfolding of recombinant prion protein globular fragment is pH dependent

Nucleic acid can catalyze the conversion of α‐helical cellular prion protein to β‐sheet rich Proteinase K resistant prion protein oligomers and amyloid polymers in vitro and in solution. Because unfolding of a protein molecule from its ordered α‐helical structure is considered to be a necessary step for the structural conversion to its β‐sheet rich isoform, we have studied the unfolding of the α‐helical globular 121–231 fragment of mouse recombinant prion protein in the presence of different nucleic acids at neutral and acid pH. Nucleic acids, either single or double stranded, do not have any significant effect on the secondary structure of the protein fragment at neutral pH; however the protein secondary structure is modified by the nucleic acids at pH 5. Nucleic acids do not show any significant effect on the temperature induced unfolding of the globular prion protein domain at neutral pH which, however, undergoes a gross conformational change at pH 5 as evidenced from the lowering of the midpoint of thermal denaturation temperatures, Tm, of the protein. The extent of Tm decrease shows a dependence on the nature of nucleic acid. The interaction of nucleic acid with the nonpolar groups exposed from the protein interior at pH 5 probably contributes substantially to the unfolding process of the protein.     

Heterotypy in the N-terminal region of growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) mature protein during teleost evolution

Heterotypy is now recognized as a generative force in the formationof new proteins through modification of existing proteins. Wereport that heterotypy in the N-terminal region of the maturegrowth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) protein occurred duringevolution of teleosts. N-terminal length variation of GDF5 wasfound among teleost interfamilies and interorders but not withinteleost families or among tetrapods. We further show that increaseof proline and glutamine to the N-terminal region of matureGDF5 occurred in Eurypterygii, the higher lineage of teleosts.Because the basic amino acids, believed to control diffusion,are conserved in this region across all species examined, wesuggest that the N-terminal elongation of the mature GDF5 proteinduring evolution has altered the protein diffusion in Eurypterygii,leading to high concentrations of the protein in the joint ofthe pharyngeal skeleton, the location of cartilage formationduring development.     

Analysis of Carotenoid Composition in Petals of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.)

Nineteen carotenoids were identified in extracts of petals of orange- and yellow-flowered cultivars of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Ten carotenoids were unique to orange-flowered cultivars. The UV–vis absorption maxima of these ten carotenoids were at longer wavelengths than that of flavoxanthin, the main carotenoid of calendula petals, and it is clear that these carotenoids are responsible for the orange color of the petals. Six carotenoids had a cis structure at C-5 (C-5′), and it is conceivable that these (5Z)-carotenoids are enzymatically isomerized at C-5 in a pathway that diverges from the main carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Among them, (5Z,9Z)-lycopene (1), (5Z,9Z,5′Z,9′Z)-lycopene (3), (5′Z)-γ-carotene (4), and (5′Z,9′Z)-rubixanthin (5) has never before been identified. Additionally, (5Z,9Z,5′Z)-lycopene (2) has been reported only as a synthesized compound.     

The effect of phosphatidylcholine to sphingomyelin mole ratio on the dynamic properties of sheep erythrocyte membrane

Sheep red blood cells are shown to incorporate phosphatidylcholine when incubated in human plasma in the presence of EGTA. This treatment results in up to a 5-fold increase in mol ratio of phosphatidylcholine to sphingomyelin. By replacing EGTA with Ca²⁺ the increase of phosphatidylcholine content is completely inhibited, due to the activation of the membrane bound lecithinase which rapidly degrades the incorporated phosphatidylcholine. Analogous treatments of the isolated erythrocyte membranes resulted in similar phosphatidylcholine incorporation but in the presence of Ca²⁺ a residual phosphatidylcholine uptake was still observed. These results suggest that in the isolated membranes small amounts of phosphatidylcholine can be incorporated into an additional region which is unavailable for the membrane lecithinase. The increase in the phosphatidylcholine to sphingomyelin mol ratio in sheep red blood cells is concomitant with an increase in lipid fluidity, as well as increase in osmotic fragility.