Blood groups among brahmin and kamma caste populations of coastal Andhra Pradesh

Blood specimens from Brahmin and Kamma caste populations of Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India are examined for A₁A₂BO, MNSs, and Rhesus blood groups. Predominance of A group in Brahmins and B group in Kammas is observed. Phenotype A₂ records less than 4% in both populations. High frequencies of genes M, s, D, and e are exhibited among both populations. Statistically significant differences are found only for A₁A₂BO system between Brahmins and Kammas.     

Genetic differentiation among some endogamous populations of Andhra Pradesh,India

Endogamous populations belonging to Brahmin, Vysya, Mala, and Madiga castes of Andhra Pradesh, South India, were investigated for certain red cell enzyme and serum protein genetic markers. Frequency values were statistically analyzed to assess genetic variation among the populations. Average heterozygosity of ten loci and genetic diversity within and between the populations were calculated by using the methods of Nei. Nei's index was used to calculate genetic distances between the pairs of populations. A dendrogram was drawn adapting the modified unweighted pair group method suggested by Li, which agreed with the history of the populations.     

Selection intensities and consanguineity in the Yadava and Vadabalija of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

The opportunity for intensity of selection is studied in two backward caste groups with different occupations, namely Yadava (pastoral) and Vadabalija (fishing) of Bheemunipatnam Taluk of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh. The amount of selection intensity is found to be higher in Vadabalija (0.8583) than Yadava (0.5827). The contribution of mortality to the total index of selection is greater in Vadabalija (0.6095) than in Yadava (0.3326). When consanguineity is considered, the fertility components of selection intensity (0.1885) are lower in the consanguineous group of Yadava than in the nonconsanguineous group (0.2845), whereas in Vadabalija they are higher in the consanguineous group (0.5261) than in the nonconsanguineous group (0.2223).     

The occurrence of DChi and new D and B transferrin variants among caste groups of Andhra Pradesh (S. India)

Summary Serum samples from a total of 862 unrelated individuals belonging to seven Hindu endogamous caste groups residing in Hyderabad and Warangal cities of Andhra Pradesh were examined for electrophoretic variation of transferrin (Tf). In four caste groups, namely, Brahmin, Vysya, Padmashali, and Kapu, the Mongoloid genetic marker D_Chi was found, with polymorphic frequencies in Brahmin and Vysya groups. The two new D variants found in individuals of Madiga and Mudiraj castes were designated as D_Madiga and D_Mudiraj. Similarly, two new B variants found in individuals of Goldsmith and Madiga castes were designated as B_Goldsmith and B_Madiga, respectively. These findings suggest a widespread transferrin variation in caste groups of Andhra Pradesh and in the tribal populations of this region.     

Inbreeding among three endogamous groups in a multicaste village of Andhra Pradesh,India

Abstract

The frequency of consanguineous marriages was studied in three endogamous castes, the Reddis (Kapus), Yadavas (Gollas), and Madigas of Marripadu village in South India. Inbreeding was higher among the Yadavas (Gollas) (0.0312) and Madigas (0.0271) than among the Reddis (Kapus) (0.0154) due to their higher frequencies of uncle‐niece marriages.     

A sero-biochemical genetic study of Jalari and Brahmin caste populations of Andhra Pradesh, India

Blood specimens from Jalari and Brahmin caste populations of Andhra Pradesh, India, were examined for blood groups, red cell enzymes, and serum proteins. Of 33 genetic loci studied, 16 were observed to be invariant among both the castes, while common polymorphism or rare variants were observed in one or both populations for the other loci. Three rare heterozygotes at the phosphoglucoisomerase locus, two different peptidase A variants occurring once each and single cases of rare 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and transferrin variants were recorded. Also a few cases of hemoglobin AS and anhaptoglobinemia were observed. The difference in rare variants between the two castes is conspicuous but large differences in their gene frequencies at the polymorphic loci were not observed. It is pointed out that the frequency of rare variants in the tribal and caste populations of Southern India appears to be higher than observed in temperate-dwelling civilized populations.     

Inbreeding among endogamous groups in three multicaste villages of Srikakulam district,Andhra Pradesh,India

Abstract

In the present paper 702 families have been studied belonging to different endogamous groups in three multicaste villages of Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh. It is observed that 33.76 per cent of families are consanguineous marriages. With regard to the types of marriages, 12.11 per cent are uncle‐niece; 14.10 per cent are matrilateral cross‐cousins; 5.84 per cent are patrilateral cross‐cousins; 0.57 per cent are first cousins once removed, and 1.14 per cent are second cousins. There are only six couples (0.86 per cent) in intercaste marriages. The coefficient of inbreeding for autosomal and sex‐linked genes, 0.045 and 0.059, respectively, for Chakalis which are higher than Kalingas (F = 0.03; F1 = 0.038), Segidis (F = 0.031; F1 = 0.041), Velamas (F = 0.026; F1 = 0.036), Vysyas (F = 0.027; F1 = 0.034), Malas (F = 0.017; F1 = 0.026), and others (F = 0.026; F1 = 0.032). The t‐tests for mean marriage distances are statistically significant among all castes, but chi‐squares for intergroup difference of consanguineous and nonconsanguineous marriages are statistically significant only among Kalingas and Chakalis, Vysyas and Chakalis, and Malas and Chakalis.     

Rotifers from Andhra Pradesh, India

The present communication deals with 11 species of rotifers from Andhra Pradesh, India belonging to six genera and three families (Notommatidae, Dicranophoridae and Asplanch-nidae) including a new species Asplanchnopus bhimavaramensis , together with a key for the identification of species of the genus Asplanchnopus. All the species described are new to South India, four of them being reported for the first time from India.     

Anthropometric variation among the reddis of Southern Andhra Pradesh,India

Five select Reddi populations based on 750 males in the age range of 20 to 50 years have been studied for 15 anthropometric measurements and 10 indices. The Pokanati show higher mean value for a majority of the measurements. F-values are significant for all measurements except for bicristal breadth. All indices but nasal index show negligible variation. Mesocephalic heads predominate among Pokanati and dolicocephalic heads among the rest. the cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis, as diagrammatically represented, show the extent of variation among the five Reddi populations.     

Glyoxylase I phenotypes in some endogamous populations of Andhra Pradesh, India

The distribution of glyoxylase (GLO) I phenotypes in six endogamous subgroups of Brahmins and in the Mala and Madiga castes of Andhra Pradesh was investigated. The GLO I gene frequencies ranged from 0.2444 to 0.3575. The frequency of 0.3565 found in the Mala is the highest recorded on the Indian subcontinent.     

Sickle cell disease among tribes of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa,India

Sickle cell disease is observed to occur in significantly high frequencies amongst the tribes of India. It has surged to the fore as an important public health problem among tribal groups, which needs serious attention. This paper presents the distribution of this abnormal genetic problem among scheduled tribes of India, in general and among those of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa states, in detail. Though the prevalence of sickle cell trait is high, the sickle cell disease cases are found to be very low, since all these surveys are made among adults. Most of the sickle cell disease cases might have expired during their early states. Hence, it is attempted to estimate the expected frequencies of disease cases from HbS gene frequencies. Estimations were also made by considering higher levels of inbreeding among these populations.     

Finger ridge count correlations among four tribes of Andhra Pradesh,India

The present paper reports the distribution of finger ridge count correlations among four tribal populations from Andhra Pradesh, India viz., Dulia, Kotia, Manne Dora and Manzai Mali, and examines the intra and inter population variation. Higher correlations are recorded in left hands compared to right hands, but they are not significant. The homologous fingers exhibit a stronger correlation. In all the tribes, the correlations between right hand fingers are relatively higher among women when compared to men. Regarding inter population variation Dulia men differ significantly from the men of Manne Dora and the Manzai Mali tribes, and Kotia women also differ from the women of the Manne Dora significantly. The average correlation coefficient of the present populations is similar to other Indian populations reported earlier but lower than African and European populations.     

Individual fertility rate among minor tribal populations from Andhra Pradesh,India

Abstract

The Individual Fertility Rate (IFR), a measure of current fertility status in small and illiterate preindustrial societies, is estimated for five tribal populations from Andhra Pradesh, India. The Andhra tribes exhibit high individual fertility rates ranging between 49.62 ± 1.76 (Konda Dora) and 66.63 ± 3.16 (Manzai Mali) and fall in the high‐fertility category. The differences in IFR values between affinal and consanguineous couples are not significant. A direct positive relation between IFR and tribal hierarchy is observed with relatively higher IFR values recorded for socially higher‐ranked tribes in an ascending order from lower‐ to higher‐ranked groups.     

Influence of educational levels of the spouses on consanguinity among three endogamous groups of Andhra Pradesh,South India

The highest values of consanguinity was found among “Kamma” (45.0%), “Ediga” (47.5%) and “Mala” (55.7%) who occupy different strata of Indian caste hierarchy. In the way of searchout the factors influencing consanguineous marriages, the present paper finda the negative relationship between educational levels of the spouses and consanguinity. The educational levels of men has significant effect on the frequency of consanguinious marriages among “Kamma” and “Mala”. However, further analysis deplore significant differences in the mean levels consanguinity between educational groups. It divulge low level of higher education among the populations. Only 12% of men and 1.6% of women have degree level and above education in the total sample.     

Genetic affinities of AB0 and Rh blood groups among populations of Andhra Pradesh, India: 2. Tribes

Genetic affinities of 21 tribal populations of Andhra Pradesh are reported in terms of genetic distance analysis with regard to AB0 and Rh loci. These tribal populations show a high degree of differentiation in the distribution of AB0 blood groups. Some tribes exhibit the monomorphism for Rh (D) locus. The genetic distance analysis reveals that the 21 tribes included in this study are genetically distant from one another and the genetic clustering pattern correlates with linguistic/ethnic affiliation and geographical propinquity of these tribal populations to a certain extent. The possible reasons for different cluster formations are discussed.     

Genetic distances among the five tribal populations of Andhra, Pradesh, South India.

In this paper, data on genetic distances among five tribal populations ae given. Among the five tribes, Koya Dora, Raj Gond and Naikpod are autochthonous populations of the Deccan plateau whereas the other two groups, Pardhan and Lambadi are migrants. Kova Doras were sampled from five distant localities. Genetic markers typed are: A1A2B0, Rho(D) blood group systems glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, transferrin, haptoglobin, groupspecific component, haemoglobin, colour-vision deficiency and tastability to P. T. C. Using frequency data for the above nine genetic loci, genetic distances between the five endogamous tribes, and between the five groups of Koya Dora are calculated by adopting the statistical method of Edwards (1971). While genetic distances between Koya Dora, Raj Gond and Lambadi are minimal, the genetic distance between Pardhans and other tribal groups is maximum. Naikpods occupy an intermediate position. The closeness of Lambadi with Koya Dora and RAJ Gond can be regarded as coincidental. Interestingly, the differences in the genetic distance values between five Koya Dora groups are as great as the differences between the five endogamous tribal populations tested for the same loci. Genetic affinities of these tribal populations are discussed in relation to their ethnic origin migration and geographical isolation.