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园艺植物分子育种相关生物信息资源及其应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
园艺植物分子育种中,生物信息技术是一项新技术.GenBank、EMBL、DDBJ、Swiss-Prot等数据库及其序列查询系统、序列比对软件和序列提交软件是园艺植物分子育种中的重要生物信息资源.本文综述了这些生物信息资源,以及它们在克隆新基因、预测新序列功能、鉴定种质资源和进行系谱分析等方面的应用. 相似文献
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园艺植物分子育种中, 生物信息技术是一项新技术。GenBank、EMBL、DDBJ、Swiss-Prot等数据库及其序列查询系统、序列比对软件和序列提交软件是园艺植物分子育种中的重要生物信息资源。本文综述了这些生物信息资源, 以及它们在克隆新基因、预测新序列功能、鉴定种质资源和进行系谱分析等方面的应用。 相似文献
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关联分析在作物种质资源分子评价中的应用 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
发掘优异基因资源是作物种质资源分子评价的重要部分,对作物育种尤其是分子育种具有非常重要的实践意义。基于连锁不平衡(LD)的关联分析是基因发掘也是等位基因发掘的有效途径。本文系统介绍了关联分析的基本理论、策略、特点及应用现状,并探讨了其在作物种质资源新(等位)基因发掘中的发展趋势及展望。可以预见,与传统QTL作图及功能基因组学相整合的关联分析必将大大加快我国作物种质资源的研究进程,实现我国种质资源优势向基因资源优势的转变。 相似文献
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William J. Foley Allen McIlwee Ivan Lawler Lem Aragones Andrew P. Woolnough Nils Berding 《Oecologia》1998,116(3):293-305
Many ecological studies rely heavily on chemical analysis of plant and animal tissues. Often, there is limited time and money
to perform all the required analyses and this can result in less than ideal sampling schemes and poor levels of replication.
Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) can relieve these constraints because it can provide quick, non-destructive
and quantitative analyses of an enormous range of organic constituents of plant and animal tissues. Near infrared spectra
depend on the number and type of CH, NH and OH bonds in the material being analyzed. The spectral features are then combined with reliable compositional or functional
analyses of the material in a predictive statistical model. This model is then used to predict the composition of new or unknown
samples. NIRS can be used to analyze some specific elements (indirectly – e.g., N as protein) or well-defined compounds (e.g.,
starch) or more complex, poorly defined attributes of substances (e.g., fiber, animal food intake) have also been successfully
modeled with NIRS technology. The accuracy and precision of the reference values for the calibration data set in part determines
the quality of the predictions made by NIRS. However, NIRS analyses are often more precise than standard laboratory assays.
The use of NIRS is not restricted to the simple determination of quantities of known compounds, but can also be used to discriminate
between complex mixtures and to identify important compounds affecting attributes of interest. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
is widely accepted for compositional and functional analyses in agriculture and manufacturing but its utility has not yet
been recognized by the majority of ecologists conducting similar analyses. This paper aims to stimulate interest in NIRS and
to illustrate some of the enormous variety of uses to which it can be put. We emphasize that care must be taken in the calibration
stage to prevent propagation of poor analytical work through NIRS, but, used properly, NIRS offers ecologists enormous analytical
power.
Received: 10 October 1997 / Accepted: 12 May 1998 相似文献
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In this review, the different applications of flow cytometry in plant breeding are highlighted. Four main breeding related
purposes can be distinguished for flow cytometry: (i) Characterisation of available plant material, including screening of
possible parent plants for breeding programs as well as evaluation of population biodiversity; (ii) Offspring screening after
interspecific, interploidy or aberrant crosses; (iii) Ploidy level determination after haploidization and polyploidization
treatments and (iv) Particle sorting, that allows separation of plant cells based on morphological or fluorescent characteristics.
An overview and discussion of these various applications indicates that flow cytometry is a relatively quick, cheap and reliable
tool for many breeding related objectives. 相似文献
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Junjie Zhang Shuqi Li Mengfei Lin Endian Yang 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2018,82(5):768-774
The drumstick tree has traditionally been used as foodstuff and fodder in several countries. Due to its high nutritional value and good biomass production, interest in this plant has increased in recent years. It has therefore become important to rapidly and accurately evaluate drumstick quality. In this study, we addressed the optimization of Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to analyze crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, iron (Fe), and potassium (K) in a variety of drumstick accessions (N = 111) representing different populations, cultivation programs, and climates. Partial least-squares regression with internal cross-validation was used to evaluate the models and identify possible spectral outliers. The calibration statistics for these fodder-related chemical components suggest that NIRS can predict these parameters in a wide range of drumstick types with high accuracy. The NIRS calibration models developed in this study will be useful in predicting drumstick forage quality for these five quality parameters. 相似文献
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Proposed links between biodiversity and ecosystem processes have generated intense interest in the linkage between aboveground
net primary productivity (ANPP) and soil C storage. Quantity and quality of ANPP largely depend on plant functional groups
and management practices. In a context of environmental change (that is, land-use and climate) long-term studies of ANPP and
functional groups are gaining interest. However, rapid determination of ANPP and functional groups are often limited in time
and money, resulting in less than ideal sampling schemes and replications. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) can
relieve constraints of labor intensive hand-sorting by providing quick, non-destructive, and quantitative analyses of a range
of organic constituents (for example, plant tissues). Here, we investigated the potential of a NIRS method to rapidly predict
harvested green aboveground biomass, the proportion of dead material, and simple functional plant traits, necessary to determine
ANPP and related ecosystem properties. The issue was investigated for two independent grassland experiments of contrasted
long-term field management (high vs. low grazing and N fertilization). Our results show that NIRS analyses are well suited
to determine ANPP (12 and 19% error of prediction) and simple plant traits (error 9%) of contrasted treatment of two independent
multi-species grasslands. Moreover, we show that calibration may be simplified when compared to commonly used protocols, which
offers ecologists enormous analytical power. 相似文献
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Rob Dirks Kees van Dun C. Bastiaan de Snoo Mark van den Berg Cilia L. C. Lelivelt William Voermans Leo Woudenberg Jack P. C. de Wit Kees Reinink Johan W. Schut Eveline van der Zeeuw Aat Vogelaar Gerald Freymark Evert W. Gutteling Marina N. Keppel Paul van Drongelen Matthieu Kieny Philippe Ellul Alisher Touraev Hong Ma Hans de Jong Erik Wijnker 《Plant biotechnology journal》2009,7(9):837-845
Reverse breeding (RB) is a novel plant breeding technique designed to directly produce parental lines for any heterozygous plant, one of the most sought after goals in plant breeding. RB generates perfectly complementing homozygous parental lines through engineered meiosis. The method is based on reducing genetic recombination in the selected heterozygote by eliminating meiotic crossing over. Male or female spores obtained from such plants contain combinations of non-recombinant parental chromosomes which can be cultured in vitro to generate homozygous doubled haploid plants (DHs). From these DHs, complementary parents can be selected and used to reconstitute the heterozygote in perpetuity . Since the fixation of unknown heterozygous genotypes is impossible in traditional plant breeding, RB could fundamentally change future plant breeding. In this review, we discuss various other applications of RB, including breeding per chromosome. 相似文献
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Despite its importance for the understanding of element cycles in ecosystems, organic matter (OM) quality has remained an elusive property that is difficult to measure. In this study, two new approaches, both of which taking into account the complete biochemical composition of the organic material during the decomposition process, have been combined to solve this problem. First, following the continuous-quality theory where quality is defined as a measure of substrate availability to the decomposers, initial litter OM qualities of a range of plant species from two experiments on litter decomposition were estimated and resulted in highly accurate fits of observed mass loss during decomposition. Applying the same theory, qualities of the litters at all stages of decomposition were then calculated. By comparison, the initial qualities of the same litters were estimated from conventional chemical fractions and resulted in much lower accurate fits. Second, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), a highly precise physical method of characterising biochemical composition of OM, was used to obtain a unique spectral signature of each sample. Calibrations were performed between spectral data and calculated qualities on the first half of the sample set and the calibration equations were applied to the second half of the sample set. Results show that theoretical litter OM quality can be calibrated and predicted precisely using NIRS. OM quality, defined according to a theoretical concept of substrate availability to decomposers, then contains and summarises all the relevant biochemical information. We demonstrate how the combination of NIRS and theory allows us to accurately measure OM quality. Measurement of OM quality provides an access to a fundamental property of organic matter and opens up new possibilities for studying element cycles in ecosystems. 相似文献
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Use of near infrared spectroscopy in online-monitoring of feeding substrate quality in anaerobic digestion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In order to keep the anaerobic process stably and uniformly producing biogas it needs to be supplied with either an even amount of substrate of stable quality or varying amounts according to variations in quality. Feeding amounts are usually adjusted manually as a reaction to changing rates of biogas production. Continuous information about the actual substrate quality is not available and feedstuff analyses are costly. Aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of near infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) online monitoring of substrate quality in order to find ways towards more exact control of biogas plant feeding. A NIRS sensor system was designed, constructed and calibrated for continuous monitoring of (RMSECV in brackets) dry matter (DM) (0.75 %fresh matter (FM)), volatile solids (0.74 %FM), crude fat (0.09 %FM), crude protein (0.22 %FM), crude fiber (1.50 %DM) and nitrogen-free extracts (0.93 %FM) of maize silage. 相似文献
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《Small Ruminant Research》2006,61(1):1-11
This review aims to evaluate the contribution of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor nutrition in small ruminants, with particular emphasis on the use of feed spectra and fecal spectra. NIRS provides satisfactory accuracy in the analysis of the chemical constituents of feeds for small ruminants, e.g., crude protein and cell wall composition, and is sometimes better than in vitro procedures for predicting in vivo digestibility and the available energy in feeds. In addition, in vitro digestibility can be accurately estimated by NIRS. The effective rumen degradability of protein could potentially be accurately predicted by NIRS, which would eliminate the need for rumen-fistulated animals. Good accuracy in the prediction of tannins has been reported for narrow, single-species applications, as well as for broad arrays of browse species. The identification of NIR segments corresponding to undigested entities has potential to help in providing spectral markers of digestibility. Fecal output can easily be evaluated, using the NIRS-aided analysis of polyethylene glycol (PEG) administered as external indigestible marker. Analysis of NIR spectra of the feces enables the accurate prediction of the chemical characteristics of the feed (dry matter digestibility and crude protein, cell wall attributes, PEG-binding tannins) in stall-fed and grazing animals, and to some extent, of the botanical composition of diets at pasture. Thus, fecal NIRS methodology holds the potential to provide nutritional diagnoses for farmers raising small ruminant. 相似文献
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Lloren Cabrera-Bosquet Jos Crossa Jarislav von Zitzewitz María Dolors Serret Jos Luis Araus 《植物学报(英文版)》2012,54(5):312-320
Genomic selection (GS) and high-throughput phenotyping have recently been captivating the interest of the crop breeding com-munity from both the public and private sectors world-wide.Both approaches promise to revolutionize the prediction of complex traits,including growth,yield and adaptation to stress.Whereas high-throughput phenotyping may help to improve understanding of crop physiology,most powerful techniques for high-throughput field phenotyping are empirical rather than analytical and compa-rable to genomic selection.Despite the fact that the two method-ological approaches represent the extremes of what is understood as the breeding process (phenotype versus genome),they both consider the targeted traits (e.g.grain yield,growth,phenology,plant adaptation to stress) as a black box instead of dissecting them as a set of secondary traits (i.e.physiological) putatively related to the target trait.Both GS and high-throughput phenotyping have in common their empirical approach enabling breeders to use genome profile or phenotype without understanding the underlying biology.This short review discusses the main aspects of both approaches and focuses on the case of genomic selection of maize flowering traits and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and plant spectral reflectance as high-throughput field phenotyping methods for complex traits such as crop growth and yield. 相似文献
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Anishkumar P. K. Kumar Peter C. McKeown Adnane Boualem Peter Ryder Galina Brychkova Abdelhafid Bendahmane Abhimanyu Sarkar Manash Chatterjee Charles Spillane 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2017,37(2):14
TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) by Sequencing (TbyS) refers to the application of high-throughput sequencing technologies to mutagenised TILLING populations as a tool for functional genomics. TbyS can be used to identify and characterise induced variation in genes (controlling traits of interest) within large mutant populations, and is a powerful approach for the study and harnessing of genetic variation in crop breeding programmes. The extension of existing TILLING platforms by TbyS will accelerate crop functional genomics studies, in concert with the rapid increase in genome editing capabilities and the number and quality of sequenced crop plant genomes. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the growth of TbyS and its potential applications to crop molecular breeding. 相似文献