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1.
雄性日本沼虾个体发育的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
对未经室内和经室内养殖的雄性日本沼虾进行了研究。,发现随虾体长的增长,共相对螯足长不断增大,鳌足的颜色由清亮变为土黄色,更大的个体螯足可变为墨绿色或蓝色,性腺体重指数也发生变化。结果表明,日本沼虾雄虾在其个体发育中形成三个不同的形态型:小螯足型、中螯足型和大螯足型。  相似文献   

2.
通径分析在脊尾白虾育种形态性状选择中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
选择胶州湾134只野生脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda),对其体长、全长、头胸甲长及体重等24项性状进行测量,采用相关分析和通径分析的方法,分析了形态性状对体重的影响效果,并构建形态性状与体重的多元回归方程.结果表明,各形态性状与体重的相关系数均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01);全长、头胸甲宽、头胸甲高、第一腹长、第二腹高、第三腹宽对体重的通径系数达到显著水平(P<0.05);所选形态性状与体重的复相关指数R2=0.954;多元回归分析建立了全长、头胸甲宽、头胸甲高、第一腹长、第二腹高、第三腹宽对体重的回归方程Y=-2.783+0.014X1+0.130X4+0.095X13+0.126X5+0.045X6+0.149X11.试验结果为脊尾白虾良种选育研究提供了理想的测度指标.  相似文献   

3.
瓦氏黄颡鱼年龄与生长的研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
根据在长江中游嘉鱼至新滩口江段采集的瓦氏黄颡鱼标本,对其年龄与生长进行了研究。以脊椎骨为年龄鉴定材料,胸鳍棘和耳石作为对照材料。透射光下,脊椎骨上较宽的暗带和较窄的亮带相间排列成同心圆环,一个暗带和一个亮带构成一个年轮。2—7月形成新年轮,脊椎骨上不存在幼轮。雌、雄鱼的脊椎骨半径与体长呈显著的正相关,回归方程分别为:L_♀=6.95 131.46R-10.12R~2,L_♂=18.06 113.64R-1.70R~2。体长与体重的关系方程分别为:W_♀=1.85×10~(-5)L~(2.98),W_♂=1.69×10~(-5)L~(2.55)。雌鱼为等速生长,雄鱼为异速生长。雌、雄鱼的生长存在差异,1龄后雄鱼生长明显快于雌鱼。雌、雄鱼适宜的生长方程分别为:♀:L_t=300.88e~(-1.67e~(-0.42t)),W_t=511.77e~(-4.98e~(-0.38t)),♂:L_t=415.15e~(-1.96e~(-0.33t)),W_t=777.53e~(-4.92e~(-0.32t))。雌鱼体长、体重生长的拐点年龄分别为1.22龄和4.22龄,雄鱼分别为2.04龄和4.98龄。  相似文献   

4.
2017年7月—2018年5月,于西藏自治区昂仁县浪错采集268尾兰格湖裸鲤Gymnocypris chui开展种群年龄结构和生长特征研究。结果显示:雌、雄鱼体长与体质量的关系式分别为W♀=2.03×10-2L2.822(n=134,R2=0.969)、W♂=2.52×10-2L2.738(n=105,R2=0.966)。通过观察微耳石,发现样本由1~23龄组成;采用VonBertalanffy生长方程拟合雌、雄鱼体长、体质量生长方程:Lt♀=34.239[1-e-0.136(t+0.11)]、Wt♀=434.42[1-e-0.136(t+0.11)]2.822;Lt♂=32.201[1-e-0.136(t+0.287)]、Wt♂=338.8[1-e-0.136(t+0.287)]2.738;拐点年龄分别为7.52龄和7.12龄,对应体长分别为22.12cm和20.45cm,体质量分别为126.59g和97.71g。初步研究表明,兰格湖裸鲤生长慢、体型小,种群被破坏后不易恢复,亟待开展资源评估及保护工作。  相似文献   

5.
为探究不同社会地位的亚成体克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)对利益的分配,以及对社会环境改变(体型较大的入侵同类)各自做出的行为反应,本文统计已确立等级序列的成对同性别螯虾对隐蔽所的占有情况,并视频拍摄同性别螯虾入侵时,入侵者及不同地位的原居者的格斗行为,分析格斗次数、格斗时间、首次攻击及被首次攻击对象多个参数。在隐蔽所占有实验中,71%为优势者占有隐蔽所,7%为从属者占有,共同占有或没有占有的各11%。在入侵-反入侵实验中,雄性入侵者对2只原居虾之间的攻击选择无显著差异,雌性入侵者首次攻击显著选择与原优势者格斗;雄性原居者中优势者对入侵者和原从属者的攻击无显著差异,雌性优势者则显著选择与入侵者格斗;雄性原居者中从属者显著选择与入侵者格斗,雌性从属者对入侵者和原优势者的攻击无显著差异。上述结果表明,优势者优先占有资源;雌雄螯虾在入侵和面临入侵时有各自不同的策略;不同地位的螯虾在反入侵时行为反应也各有不同。  相似文献   

6.
北江侧条光唇鱼的年龄与生长特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
于2007年7月至2009年6月间,在北江中上游地区采集了358尾侧条光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus parallens)样本,以鳞片作为年龄鉴定材料,对其年龄与生长特征进行了研究。侧条光唇鱼鳞片上年轮结构清晰,前区主要为疏密型,而侧区主要为切割型;鳞片的边缘生长率显示,其年轮的主要形成期为2~3月份。样本中的雌性由1+~5+龄5个龄组组成,优势龄组为1+~3+龄;而雄性由1+~4+龄4个龄组组成,优势龄组为1+~2+龄。雌鱼的体长(L,cm)范围为5.7~14.8 cm,集中于7.0~13.0 cm之间;体重(W,g)范围为4.75~108.40 g,集中于10.00~30.00 g之间。雄鱼的体长范围为5.7~12.6 cm,集中于7.0~11.0 cm之间;体重范围为4.40~61.50 g,主要集中于10.00~20.00 g之间。体长与体重的关系为W=0.017L3.167、W♀=0.017L3.198、W♂=0.023L3.025,协方差分析表明,雌、雄个体在体长与体重关系上,差异显著。体长(L,cm)与鳞径(R,mm)呈线性关系,L♀=3.126R+1.869、L♂=2.875R+2.152。拟合出Von Bertalanffy生长参数,雌性L∞=17.143 5 cm,k=0.270 5,W∞=150.347 4 g,t0=﹣0.614 6龄;雄性L∞=17.236 5 cm,k=0.226 9,W∞=126.468 6 g,t0=﹣0.921 5龄。雌鱼体重生长的拐点年龄为3.68龄,拐点体长约为11.8 cm,体重约为45.26 g;雄鱼的拐点年龄为3.96龄,拐点体长约为11.5 cm,体重约为37.60 g。作为渔业对策,建议起捕年龄3龄以上或体长10 cm以上的个体。  相似文献   

7.
检测了端黑萤(Abscondita chinensis)和边褐端黑萤(Abscondita terminalis)繁殖期个体大小和形态特征的两性异形以及雌性繁殖输出。两因素方差分析表明,端黑萤的全长显著小于边褐端黑萤的全长,雌性个体显著大于雄性个体。以全长为协变量的两因素协方差分析显示,端黑萤的前胸背板宽、鞘翅长、复眼宽、胸长、腹宽、发光器面积及体重均显著小于边褐端黑萤,而腹长显著大于边褐端黑萤,触角长物种间差异不显著;雌性的前胸背板宽、腹长、腹宽及体重均显著大于雄性,而鞘翅长、复眼宽、胸长、触角长、发光器面积均显著小于雄性;物种和性别的交互作用对前胸背板宽、复眼宽、腹长、触角长及发光器面积影响显著,对其余的鞘翅长、胸长、腹宽及体重影响不显著。端黑萤和边褐端黑萤的两性异形指数分别为0.144和0.091。9个形态特征变量的主成分分析(Eigenvalue ≥ 1)发现,前2个主成分共解释56.8%的变异;复眼宽和发光器面积在第一主成分有较高的负负载系数,腹长有较高的正负载系数(解释31.3%变异);前胸背板宽和鞘翅长在第二主成分有较高的负负载系数(解释25.5%变异)。端黑萤和边褐端黑萤的平均窝卵数分别为28.9粒和18粒。线性回归显示,端黑萤和边褐端黑萤的窝卵数均与母体的全长及体重呈显著的正相关。单因素方差分析表明,特定全长的端黑萤的窝卵数显著大于边褐端黑萤。端黑萤和边褐端黑萤均属于雌性偏大的两性异形,是生育力选择、能量分配和运动综合影响的结果。雌萤腹腔容量等关键局部特征的增大是对生育力选择的适应,且生育力大小与两性异形差异程度成正相关。  相似文献   

8.
认识鱼类的生活史特征及其对生态环境变化的响应,是鱼类物种保护与资源合理利用的基础。于2009年5月至2010年4月研究了黄山地区徽水河中宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)的年龄、生长和繁殖。共采集标本352尾,雌雄性比为0.49∶1,与1∶1差异显著。以鳞片为年龄鉴定材料,雌、雄个体的最大寿命均为3龄;年轮主要形成于3月份。全长和体重呈幂函数关系,两性间无显著性差异,关系式表达为W=6×10–6L3.10;全长和鳞径呈线性关系,且两性间差异显著,关系式分别表达为L♀=29.58R+38.84和L♂=33.17R+34.99;2龄个体的退算全长在雌、雄两性间无显著性差异。繁殖时间为4—7月份;2龄时达50%初次性成熟,其个体全长为98.22(雌)和105.69 mm(雄);绝对繁殖力为(758±362)卵粒,相对繁殖力为(77.38±22.15)卵粒/g。同已有的少量研究资料相比较,徽水河宽鳍鱲的年龄结构较北京地区种群的相对简单,个体生长较同为黄山地区的浦溪河种群相对快速,这种生活史特征差异可能是生态环境空间异质性的作用结果,但有关宽鳍鱲各生活史特征之间的权衡及其对生态环境的响应还有待于进一步研究。  相似文献   

9.
浙江沿海岛屿很多,小形甲壳动物很易繁殖,其中瓷蟹类多生活于潮间带或浅海,常攀附于礁石、海绵、苔藓虫或其他物体上,是制作蟹酱的原料。它属于节肢动物门Arthopoda甲壳纲Crustacea十足目Decapoda歪尾派Anomura铠甲虾总科Galatheidea瓷蟹科Porcellani dae。自1957年至1987年春季多次去普陀、朱家尖、蚂蚁岛等舟山群岛及洞头诸岛采集,有四种是浙江沿海的新纪录。现简述如下:1.美丽岩瓷蟹Petrolisthes speciosus(Dana,1858)(图1)头胸甲长11毫米,宽12毫米。两螯足满布突粒,腕节上缘有数齿,下缘有锯齿。第2—4步足多毛及细粒,长节上下缘有锯…  相似文献   

10.
张登成  熊文  陶捐  陈毅峰 《生态学报》2016,36(2):508-517
基于2012年4月—2013年3月在武汉地区两样点调查的西部食蚊鱼数据,运用FAO开发的长度频率数据分析软件FiSATⅡ对西部食蚊鱼的生长、死亡系数以及种群补充模式进行了估算。西部食蚊鱼全长范围为8.30-44.86mm,其中优势全长为16-26 mm,占总数的69.17%;雌雄性别为2.63:1,与1:1存在显著性差异;鳞片观察发现仅存在0~+、1~+两个年龄组;雌雄样本全长与体重的关系式分别为W=4.686×10~(-6)L~(3.299)(R~2=0.953),W=1.008×10~(-5)L~(2.989)(R~2=0.903);von Bertalanffy生长方程各参数为:雌性样本极限全长L_∞=45.20 mm,生长系数k=0.52 a~(-1),起始生长年龄t_0=-0.47a,雄性样本极限全长L_∞=33.60 mm,生长系数k=0.53 a~(-1),起始生长年龄t_0=-0.50 a;雌性样本和雄性样本的自然死亡系数M分别为1.64 a~(-1)、1.81 a~(-1),而总死亡系数Z分别为2.29 a~(-1)、2.37 a~(-1);种群补充模式表明,每年4-9月份为西部食蚊鱼的主要补充期。西部食蚊野生种群表现出了寿命短、生长速度快、自然死亡率高、种群补充时间长等特征,表明该物种是一种典型的r对策物种。据此我们提出了针对性的防控措施:阻止其引入,尽早发现并根除该物种。  相似文献   

11.
Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.  相似文献   

12.
The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.  相似文献   

13.
This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.  相似文献   

14.
The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γj in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γj are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO3 (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li+ are: Cs+ (1.38), Rb+ (1.32), K+ (1.31), Na+ (1.16), TMA+ (0.53), TEA+ (0.45), TBA+ (0.03), Cl (0.19), glutamate (0.04), and NO3− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.  相似文献   

15.
A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.  相似文献   

16.
17.
The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.  相似文献   

18.
We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.  相似文献   

19.
The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.  相似文献   

20.
The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.  相似文献   

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