The legacy of transnational lives: Beyond the first generation of Lebanese in Senegal

Definitions of transnationalism are modelled after first generation migrant communities in the west. Through presenting ethnographic detail on the Lebanese community in Senegal, this article applies the concept of transnationalism to the case of a historic South-South migrant community. Second and later generation ethnic groups maintain transnational ties through notions of self-identity and definitions by others, the importance given to the homeland, and political and religious ideologies. Race, geographic location, and changes in the structure of labour markets are factors that encourage continued ties with the country of origin. Furthermore, transnationalism cannot be limited only to sending and receiving countries. Colonial and former colonial powers can determine the destination of migrants, establish economic hierarchies, and offer a tertiary citizenship to transnational migrants in addition to the dual citizenship of country of origin and destination.     

Does French Islam Have Borders? Dilemmas of Domestication in a Global Religious Field

Although many accounts of transnational religious movements emphasize mobility and communication, equally important are efforts by both political actors and religious leaders to carve out distinctive national forms of religion. In this article I examine dilemmas faced by Muslims in France who seek both to remain part of the global Muslimcommunity and to satisfy French demands for conformity to political and cultural norms. I consider the history of immigration and the importance of French notions of laïcité but emphasize the structural problem of articulating a global religious field onto a self-consciously bounded French nation-state. I then draw on recent fieldwork in Paris to analyze two recent public events in which attempts by Muslim public intellectuals to develop an "Islam of France" are frustrated by internal, structural tensions concerning religious authority and political legitimacy, and not simply by a conflict between "Muslims" and "France."     

What factors account for black–white differences in anti-Muslim sentiment in the contemporary USA?

I use data from the 2004 General Social Survey (N=719) and multivariate analyses to: explore the effects of race on attitudes toward Muslims; evaluate the extent to which the racial differences were mediated by psychological and religious factors; and assess whether the race effects differed significantly by gender. The findings show that blacks report significantly more favourable feelings toward Muslims than whites. Those respondents who are female, more educated and Catholic also hold significantly higher scores on the 100-point scale assessing feelings toward Muslims. After controlling for religious and psychological factors, I find that the racial difference in feelings toward Muslims is increased, indicating that the race effect is suppressed by these factors. Moderation analysis reveals that white men hold the highest level of negative feelings toward Muslims, compared to women and black men. The findings suggest challenging the misconstrued perceptions of Muslims through education and endorsement of positive images.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫第二代裂殖子表面抗原基因（λMZ5—7）在大肠杆菌中的表达

将重组克隆质粒（PGEM－λMZ）用EooRⅠ酶切后,电泳回收目的的片段,克隆到经EooRⅠ酶切、CIAP处理的表达载体pET－28a中,转化大肠杆菌JM109感受态细胞,得到的转子化经PCR鉴定和酶切分析,筛选出符合正确阅读框的重组子,构建成重组表达质粒（PET－λMZ）,并在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）表达菌中成功地表达了含目的蛋白的融合蛋白,融合蛋白的分子量的34KDa,加入IPIG诱导6h后,蛋白表达接近最高 水平。表达产物经Ni-NTA亲和层析柱纯化,SDS－PAGE检测为要带。经Western-blotting杂交实验,纯化出的目的蛋白能与兔抗E．tenella第二代裂殖子抗血清发生反应,说明MZP蛋白是E．tenella第二代裂殖子抗原蛋白,具有一定的免疫原性,为进一步研究重组疫苗创造了一定的条件。     

Integrated versus stand-alone second generation ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse and trash

Ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials is often conceived considering independent, stand-alone production plants; in the Brazilian scenario, where part of the potential feedstock (sugarcane bagasse) for second generation ethanol production is already available at conventional first generation production plants, an integrated first and second generation production process seems to be the most obvious option. In this study stand-alone second generation ethanol production from surplus sugarcane bagasse and trash is compared with conventional first generation ethanol production from sugarcane and with integrated first and second generation; simulations were developed to represent the different technological scenarios, which provided data for economic and environmental analysis. Results show that the integrated first and second generation ethanol production process from sugarcane leads to better economic results when compared with the stand-alone plant, especially when advanced hydrolysis technologies and pentoses fermentation are included.     

生物活组织的背向二次谐波成像

光学二次谐波成像技术由于具有三维高分辨率、不需要荧光标记、对生物样品的杀伤效应小等特点,在生物医学研究上具有广阔的应用前景.在双光子荧光成像基础上,实现了适合对厚组织样品观测的背向光学二次谐波成像,探讨了背向二次谐波成像的特点和影响因素.通过对多种生物组织样品进行大量实验,发现胶原纤维和肌肉纤维均可以产生很强的背向二次谐波,并成功地将背向二次谐波成像技术应用于糖尿病患者皮肤的观测.背向二次谐波成像技术可望推广到病理检查等临床应用中.     

Ethno-religious minorities and labour market integration: generational advancement or decline?

Abstract

This paper examines the generational progress of ethnic minorities in Britain by analysing four labour market outcomes: economic inactivity, unemployment, access to salaried jobs and self-employment. An important contribution of this paper is the possibility to examine the impact of a range of cultural and social resources on employment outcomes, namely language fluency, co-ethnic spouse, co-ethnic employer, bridging and bonding social capital. Controlling for ethnic and religious identities, individual, social and human capital characteristics, it finds clear advantages of language proficiency in obtaining employment and salaried jobs. However, the second generation shows little advancement in all the outcomes examined and a particularly strong religious penalty is found among Muslim women. It concludes that persistent ethno-religious penalty experienced by the second generation poses a serious policy challenge and does little to strengthen our economy or in building a cohesive society.     

基层医疗机构对滴虫性、真菌性阴道炎最适检验方案的临床观察

目的通过不同的检测手段检测基层医院患者的阴道分泌物,了解滴虫性、真菌性阴道炎的检出率,从而探索基层医院最适的检验方案。方法采用回顾性分析,调取本基层医疗机构2010年1月至2013年12月在本院妇科门诊部就诊的900例女性患者,采取两种常用的阴道分泌物检测方法,即涂片镜检法（湿片法）和阴道分泌物p H值测定＋抗原检测（抗原法）,探索其滴虫性阴道炎和真菌性阴道炎的检出率。结果采用湿片法检测出滴虫性阴道炎阳性共144例,占总例数的16.00%;真菌性阴道炎阳性共207例,占总例数的23.00%;采用抗原法检测出滴虫性阴道炎阳性共179例,占总例数的19.89%;真菌性阴道炎阳性共253例,占总例数的28.11%。结论抗原法较湿片法敏感性和特异性好,结果客观易判读,两种方法差异有统计学意义,后者可作为基层医疗机构首选的阴道分泌物检测手段。