A taxonomic revision of the pipunculid fly genus Chalarus Walker, with particular reference to the European fauna

Twenty-one species of Chalarus Walker are described from Europe, 11 of them new. The puparial remains of 15 species are described. Type material of all previously described Chalarus species except C. velutinus (Macquart, 1835) was examined. The status of C. holosericeus (Meigen, 1824) is revised, and exiguus (Haliday, 1833) is confirmed as a valid species. Lectotypes are designated for C. holosericeus and C. spurius (Fallén, 1816). Five species-groups are tentatively proposed. Separate keys to females and males are given. The status of Chalarus species described from outside Europe is discussed, and two of these, C. kamijoi Morakote, in Morakote & Hirashima (1990) and C. konishii Morakote, in Morakote & Hirashima (1990), are synonymized with fimbriatus Coe and exiguus (Haliday) respectively. The functional significance of some taxonomic characters, particularly of the eyes and ovipositor, is discussed.     

Ostracodes from the Tuloi and Karasu formations (Ordovician) of northeastern Gorny Altai

Ostracodes from the Tuloi (Floian, Dapingian and the lower Darriwilian) and Karasu (Darriwilian and Sandbian) formations of the northeastern Gorny Altai are discussed and several ostracode localities are briefly described. Two new species Soanella tuloica sp. nov. and Maraphonia caliginosa sp. nov. are described and figured. The previously described forms are only illustrated.     

隙蛛亚科五种蜘蛛重新描述(蜘蛛目,暗蛛科)

对5种隙蛛亚科蜘蛛进行了重新描述：梯板隙蛛Coelotes microps Schenkel,1963;回弯隙蛛Coelotes palinitropus Zhu ＆ Wang,1994;螺形龙角蛛Draconarius gyriniformis（Wang＆Zbu,1991）;三分龙角蛛Draconarius triatus（Zhu＆Wang,1994）,comb．nov．和西藏龙角蛛Draconarius tibetensis Wang,2003。回弯隙蛛、西藏龙角蛛两种蜘蛛的雌性及梯板隙蛛、螺形龙角蛛、三分龙角蛛三种蜘蛛的雄性均系首次报道。三分龙角蛛是从隙蛛属Coelotes移来的新组合。     

Anthobothrium galeorhini n. sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) a parasite of Galeorhinus galeus (Triakidae) from the Argentine coast

Anthobothrium galeorhini n. sp. (Eucestoda: Phyllobothriidae) collected from the spiral intestine of Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) at the Puerto Madryn (Atlantic coastal region) is described. The new species differs from A. cornucopia as described by Euzet (1959) by the size of body, bothridia, gravid proglottids and eggs; by the neck length and by the different number of testes and proglottids. The size of bothridia and the gravid proglottids, the cirrus length and the number of testes allow differentiating the species here proposed from A. laciniatum Linton, 1890 as described by Euzel (1959). The body and cirrus sac size, the bothridia shape and the number of testes separate the species here described from A. parvum Stossich, 1895 as described by Yamaguti (1952). The anatomic differences between the cestode described by Arandas Rego (1977) and located laxonomycally under the name Anthobothrium laciniatum are listed and the systematic position of the cestode is discussed. Species parasitic of skates listed in scientific literature must be taxonomically reaccommodated, since their characteristics are not consistent with the diagnosis of Anthobothrium.     

Type Specimens and identity of the described species of Conus II. The species described by Solander, Chemnitz, Born, and Lightfoot between 1766 and 1786

Twenty-three species of Conus were described by authors other than Linnaeus between 1766 and 1786. Of these, 3 are Eocene species from England described by Solander in Brander (1766), and the remainder are Recent. Chemnitz (1777) described one valid species. Of the 10 species described by Born (1778), 7 are valid, 2 are junior synonyms of Linnaean species, and 1 is a nomen dubium. Solander in [Lightfoot] (1786) described 5 species, of which 3 are valid and 2 are junior synonyms of Linnaean species. Lightfoot (1786) described 4 species, of which 1 is valid and 3 are junior synonyms of Linnaean species.
Holotypes of 7 species and lectotypes of 3 species exist, and representatives of lecto-types of 10 species have been selected. All of these types are illustrated photographically.
Between 1758 and 1786, 60 species of Conus were described, of which 45 are now considered valid. Of these, 42 are Recent.     

Advances in the Taxonomy of Spiders in Miocene Amber from the Dominican Republic (Arthropoda: Araneae)

Trachelas poinari sp. nov. (Corinnidae), Miagrammopes sp. indet. (Uloboridae) and the first indisputable fossil Lycosidae (gen. et sp. indet.) are newly identified and described in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic. The following are junior synonyms: Nops segmentatus Wunderlich, 1988 of N. lobatus Wunderlich, 1988 (Caponiidae); Azilia muellenmeisteri Wunderlich, 1988 of A. hispaniolensis Wunderlich, 1988 (Tetragnathidae); and Lyssomanes galianoae Reiskind, 1989 of L. pristinus Wunderlich, 1986 (Salticidae). The specimens described as Nops sp. (Caponiidae), Selenops beynai Schawaller, 1984, S. sp. 1, and S. sp. 2 (Selenopidae) by Wunderlich (1988) are unrecognizable as distinct species. The following new combinations are presented: gen. indet. clypeatus (Wunderlich, 1988) (= Anelosimus clypeatus ) (Theridiidae); Meioneta bigibber (Wunderlich, 1988) (= Agyneta bigibber ), M. fastigata (Wunderlich, 1988) (= Agyneta fastigata ), M. separata (Wunderlich, 1988) (= Agyneta separata ) (Linyphiidae); Enacrosoma verrucosa (Wunderlich, 1988) (= Cyclosa verrucosa ) (Araneidae); Pseudosparianthis pfeiferi (Wunderlich, 1988) (= Tentabunda pfeiferi ) (Sparassidae). Theridion wunderlichi nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for T. ovale Wunderlich, 1988 (nom. preocc.). The previously unknown male of Styposis pholcoides Wunderlich, 1988 (Theridiidae) is described. Additional features of Argyrodes crassipatellaris Wunderlich, 1988 (Theridiidae) are described; this species is transferred from the trigonum to the cancellatus species group. Nine specimens belonging to six previously described species, and six juvenile Selenops sp. (including one exuvium) are newly identified. These are the first fossil records of Trachelas, Enacrosoma and Pseudosparianthis, giving them stratigraphic ranges of 15–20 my; the genera Anelosimus, Cyclosa and Agyneta are unknown in the fossil record.     

伊朗腺水螨总科三新种记述(蜱螨亚纲,水螨群)

记述了采集自伊朗的腺水螨总科Lebertioidea 3新种:光足腺水螨Lebertia(Pseudolebertia)abseta sp.nov.,羽足尼罗螨Nilotonia(Dartia)pinnata sp.nov.,双羽激流水螨Torrenticola(Monoatractides)diploseta sp.nov.光足腺水螨Lebertia(Pseudolebertia)abseta sp.nov.P-Ⅱ羽状腹毛和无游泳毛的各足等形态特征可与其它种类明显区别;羽足尼罗螨Nilotonia(Dartia)pinnata sp.nov.鉴别性特征为O1的位置,P-Ⅱ羽状毛的数量和结构等;双羽激流水螨Torrenticola(Monoatractides)diploseta sp.nov.其P-Ⅱ具2腹毛,其中较为粗壮1毛羽状,此外P-Ⅱ和P-Ⅲ具数量不等的羽状毛等特征可与其他种类区别.同时文中对上述3新种的腺毛和眼毛的体位特征作了详细描述.     

Design and synthesis of piperidine farnesyltransferase inhibitors with reduced glucuronidation potential

The design and synthesis of a novel piperidine series of farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitors with reduced potential for metabolic glucuronidation are described. The various substitution and exchange of the phenyl group at the C-2 position of the previously described 2-(4-hydroxy)phenyl-3-nitropiperidine 1a (FTase IC(50)=5.4nM) resulted in metabolically stable compounds with potent FTase inhibition (14a IC(50)=4.3nM, 20a IC(50)=3.0nM, and 50a IC(50)=16nM). Molecular modeling studies of these compounds complexed with FTase and farnesyl pyrophosphate are also described.     

Secondary metabolites of slime molds (myxomycetes)

The compounds reported from the slime molds (myxomycetes) species are described. Almost 100 natural compounds including their chemical structures and biological activities are described in this review article. Only metabolites with a well-defined structure are included.     

中国多毛腺水螨亚属两新种记述(蜱螨亚纲,水螨群,腺水螨科)

记述了中国腺水螨科Lebertiidae腺水螨属Lebertia腺水螨亚属Pilolebertia两新种拟刷毛腺水螨Lebertia(Pilole-bertia)pseudociliata sp.nov.和蓖齿毛腺水螨Lebertia( Pilolebertia)pectinata sp.nov.前者体壁具细致刻纹,E1具2毛状表皮突,P-Ⅱ腹毛长以及EpⅣ侧缘弧形等特征将之与其他种明显区分开;后者体壁具细致刻纹和具缘毛的P-Ⅱ腹毛可以将之与其他种类明显区分.文中对其腺毛和眼毛的体位特征做了详细描述.     

Shallow water rissoiform gastropods from Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic Ocean, with records of species from Gough Island

Shallow water rissoiform gastropods collected by the Norwegian Scientific Expedition (1937-1938) to Tristan da Cunha are described. The fauna consists of Powellisefia cf. philomelae (Watson) (Rissoidae), three new species of Eatoniella, E. trochiformisa, E. lineuta , and E. tristanensis (Eatoniellidae). two new species of Onoba, O. crassicordara and O. tristanensis (Rissoidae) and Rissoella cf. irma (Bartsch) (Rissoellidae). A small collection from Cough Island is also described, containing three species referred to Onoha , one of which is described as new. O. merelinoides , and a species of Eutoniella. The biogeographie relationships of the fauna are briefly discussed.     

The central morphology of the giant interneurons and their spatial relationship with the thoracic motorneurons in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Insecta)

Three groups of giant fibers are found in the cockroach ventral nerve cord. A latero-dorsal group (dorsal GIs), a latero-ventral group (ventral GIs) and a medio-ventral group. The morphology of all three groups of fibers within the thoracic ganglia is described. The morphology of the dorsal and ventral GI pathways in the abdominal and suboesophageal ganglia is also described. The projection patterns of the neurons in each ganglion are remarkably similar which suggests a common function. When motorneurons 5rl (depressor) and 6Br4 (levator) are stained simultaneously with the dorsal and ventral GI groups, some branches from both motor and giant neurons converge. The branching of the remaining medio-ventral group of fibers and their proximity to areas receiving motorneuronal input suggests that these are the small diameter axons described by Dagan and Parnas (1970).     

A Redescription of Adult Phyllodistomum umblae (Fabricius) (Digenea, Gorgoderidae) from Salvelinus alpinus (L.) in Norway

Phyllodistomum umblae (Fabricius, 1780), originally described on the basis of specimens recovered from the ureter of Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus in Drangedalen, Norway, is here redescribed with both light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) from material obtained from the type host and type locality. This species has been overlooked in general text-books of this century, e.g. those of Dawes and Yamaguti, but was discussed by Nybelin in a paper in 1926 in which he suggested its conspecificity with P. conostomum Olsson. The dimensions, shapes, position and arrangement of the internal structures and selected size ratios are described and illustrated with LM-pictures. The SEM-investigation reveals the tegumental microstructure, and special emphasis is given to the arrangement of papillae. The body papillae comprise: (a) constant numbers in a constant bilateral arrangement; (b) a variable number in an orientated bilateral concentration called rows; (c) regional concentrations; (d) randomly distributed ones. This system and its variability are described and figured. Four types of papillae, and their distribution as seen by SEM, are described. These results are compared with the results from other SEM–investigations on gorgoderids.     

Synthesis and properties of (6,7-dimethoxy-4-coumaryl)alanine: a fluorescent peptide label.

The synthesis of racemic and l-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-coumaryl)alanine (Dmca) is described and some spectral and physicochemical properties are reported. The utility of Dmca as a highly sensitive and specific label for the quantitative detection of synthetic peptides in HPLC and in minimal essential media (MEM) is also described.     

The structures of some peptides from bee venom

The sequences are given of two peptides (secapin and melittin F) whose isolation from the venom of the common European honey bee (Apis mellifera) has previously been described [Gauldie et al. (1976) Eur. J. Biochem. 61, 369--376]. Some structural studies on the known peptide 401 (MCD peptide) are described. The positions of the two disulphide bridges in peptide 401 have been determined by (an essentially) novel method.     

Linkage analysis of five new genetic markers of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Five new autosomal recessive genes are described in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). These genetic markers are associated into three linkage groups. The matte (mt) gene is linked to the previously described mandarin red (ma) gene, and the white puparium (wp) gene is linked to the white eye (we) and amethyst (am) loci. The third designated linkage group has the yellow eye (ye) marker. The we/we homozygote is epistatic to ye/ye, and each is epistatic to am/am and ma/ma.     

Linear rank tests for interval-censored data with application to PCB levels in adipose tissue of transformer repair workers

Linear rank statistics are described for testing for differences between groups when the data are interval-censored. The statistics are closely related to those described by Prentice (1978, Biometrika 65, 167-179) for right-censored data. Problems in calculating the statistics are discussed and several approaches to computation including estimation of the efficient rank scores are described. Results from a small simulation study are presented. The methods are applied to data from a study relating tissue levels of PCBs to occupational exposure.     

The type specimens and identity of the Siberian species described in the genus Lithobius by Anton Stuxberg in 1876 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha)

The nine Siberian species described by Stuxberg in the genus Lithobius are redescribed from the original material. It is concluded that six of these species (ostiacorum, princeps, sulcipes, nordenskioldii, fugax and vagabundus) are valid and that three (scrobiculatus, formicarum and captivus) are junior synonyms. Three further species, one of them new, have been found among Stuxberg's Siberian specimens and are described.     

Management of disease control and epidemics in AI in Denmark

The author's presentation constituted a survey of the control of contagious diseases at Danish AI stations. The control is performed in accordance with EU regulations and requires documented freedom from Aujeszky's disease, Classical Swine Fever and Brucellosis (based on blood testing) before transfer to quarantine sections and to AI stations. The Danish regulations regarding Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) are described for both sero-positive and sero-negative stations. At some stations, all boars are vaccinated against both American PRRS (Ingelvac PRRS vet.) and European PRRS (Progressis vet.), and are subsequently sero-positive for PRRS. The period from vaccination until the time that semen can be used is described, and the reason for its length is explained. Furthermore, the process applied when distinguishing Yersinia from Brucellosis reactions is described. The purpose of this control is to prevent Yersinia-positive herds that supply boars from compromising supplies from Yersinia-negative herds through cross-reactions with Brucellosis. The vaccinations required before transfer to isolation and AI stations (Glasser's disease, pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, erysipelas and PPV) as well as vaccinations done regularly at the AI stations (erysipelas and PPV) are described. Finally, a survey is presented of other diseases found at Danish AI stations (primarily pneumonia and leg problems) and their medical treatment.