短短小芽孢杆菌启动子筛选载体的构建

为了筛选短短小芽孢杆菌强启动子元件,应用PCR技术从枯草杆菌168中分离出α-淀粉酶基因,用其作为报告基因与质粒pUB110和pKF3一起构建了启动子筛选载体pKB/A.将短短小芽孢杆菌细胞壁蛋白基因启动子引入该载体构建成重组质粒pKB/PA,电穿孔法转化短短小芽孢杆菌50后发现α-淀粉酶以活性形式分泌表达.结果表明短短小芽孢杆菌启动子筛选载体构建成功.     

α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的整合型表达

α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶在啤酒生产中能加快啤酒成熟,有重要的应用价值。本研究将枯草芽孢杆菌启动子P43克隆到质粒pUC19-ALDC中的α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因之前,得到重组质粒pUC19-P43-ALDC。重组质粒pUC19-P43-ALDC与质粒pMLK83-BN同源重组,筛选得到枯草芽孢杆菌整合质粒pMLK83-ALDC。用此整合质粒转化枯草芽孢杆菌1A751,挑选出新霉素抗性且无淀粉酶活性的重组菌株。此菌株用LB培养基在37℃、220r/min摇瓶培养过夜,测得α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶活力为15.6U/mL,说明整合的α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因能够在重组菌株中稳定传代和表达。本研究首次在枯草芽孢杆菌中用整合型的方式重组表达了α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶,提出了一种有潜力的生产α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶的新方法。     

同源重组法构建枯草芽孢杆菌转酮酶缺失突变菌株

采用同源重组法高效构建枯草芽孢杆菌转酮酶(tkt)缺失突变株。以大肠杆菌(E.coliDH5α)质粒pBlUSKM为框架,构建出基于枯草杆菌(B.S104)tkt基因位点的整合载体pb-Trs-n,将此载体重组到Bacillus subtilis104中,从新霉素抗性平板上挑取转化子,整合载体pb-Trs-n的测序结果与Kunst.F报道的tkt基因高度同源(98.9%)。同源重组后,B.S104染色体上的tkt基因(2 004bp)部分与载体pb-Trs-n的neo基因(1 197bp)发生了同源交换,确定了该转化子为枯草芽孢杆菌转酮酶缺失突变株(tkt-,neo),该方法构建枯草芽孢杆菌转酮酶(tkt)缺失突变株是可行的,为D-核糖工程菌的研究奠定了基础。     

Cry1Ac基因载体构建及其在枯草芽孢杆菌中的杀虫活性表达

根据苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis HD-73基因Cry1Ac和枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis木糖诱导型启动子PxylR序列, 分别设计2对特异引物Cry1Ac F/R和Pxy F/R,扩增获得了完整的启动子PxylR和Cry1Ac基因序列,进一步以上述产物混合物为模板,以Pxy F/Cry1Ac R作引物进行重迭PCR,获得了载体PxylR-Cry1Ac,经SphⅠ和BamHⅠ完全酶切后,将PxylR-Cry1Ac插入大肠杆菌-苏云金芽孢杆菌穿梭载体pHT315,重组表达质粒pCry1Ac315转化枯草芽孢杆菌感受态细胞。工程菌株质粒酶切电泳分析、SDS-PAGE电泳分析和杀虫生物活性测定结果证实了Cry1Ac基因的导入及其在枯草芽孢杆菌JAAS01D中的有效表达。     

大肠杆菌-枯草芽孢杆菌穿梭质粒的构建及碱性蛋白酶的表达

构建了一个可以在大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌中复制,并可以在枯草芽孢杆菌中表达外源蛋白的穿梭表达载体pBE2R.该穿梭表达载体是以pBE2为基本骨架,引入来自pWB980质粒的P43强启动子,并在其下游引入嗜碱芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶信号肽和前肽构建而成.试验结果表明,该穿梭表达载体pBE2R可以在大肠杆DH5α和枯草芽孢杆菌WB600中稳定存在,并可以使外源蛋白在枯草芽孢杆菌进行分泌表达,同时也为碱性蛋白酶定向改造提供了高通量筛选平台.     

β-半乳糖苷酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的分泌表达

为检测本课题组构建的枯草芽孢杆菌分泌表达载体pGPST中启动子和信号肽的活性,将β-半乳糖苷酶基因插入表达载体的多克隆位点,构建含有β-半乳糖苷酶基因的重组质粒pGPST-lacZ,重组质粒转化枯草芽孢杆菌,分别测定液体培养基中上清液和菌体沉淀中β-半乳糖苷酶的活性。培养上清液中的酶活在22h达到峰值,约为26mU/mL,之后开始下降;菌体沉淀中的酶活在14h最高,达6mU/mL,而阴性对照pGPST没有检测到酶活性。结果表明分泌型表达载体中的启动子和信号肽具有较好的活性,能实现异源基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的分泌表达。本试验为该表达载体的进一步研究和应用提供重要的数据资料,也为外源基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达提供参考资料。该载体将在研究外源基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中表达发挥重要作用。     

耐碱性木聚糖酶基因在巨大芽孢杆菌中的表达及其酶学性质

摘要：【目的】从耐碱性木聚糖酶高产短小芽孢杆菌中克隆得到带有自身启动子的木聚糖酶基因,将其在巨大芽孢杆菌中进行表达,并对表达产物进行性质分析。【方法】将克隆得到的木聚糖酶基因xynA以及带有自身启动子序列的结构基因, 构建在芽孢杆菌表达载体pWH1520和改造后的载体pWG03中,得到重组质粒pWTEJX和pWGXYN,分别转化到巨大芽孢杆菌BM70中,获得重组巨大芽孢杆菌BMJXH9和BMGpp12;经过诱导产酶培养,均得到分泌表达。【结论】重组巨大芽孢杆菌BMGpp12比BMJXH9产酶活力提高了三倍     

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌启动子克隆载体pFDC4和表达型载体pFDC11的构建

以pPL703的衍生质粒pPGV5为载体,从嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌CU21总DNA的Sau 3A酶切产物中得到1个0.54kb的启动子片段,它能促进载体上的无启动子的cat-86基因在嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌中表达。这一片段以正、反向插入pPGV5载体,都能使重组质粒转化CU21原生质体的效率提高10~(?)至10(?)倍。Southern杂交实验表明,这一启动子片段与Imanaka等报道的来自CU21中的隐蔽性质粒pBS02的能提高转化效率的1.6kb Eco RI片段是同源的。利用所得到的0.54kb Sau 3A片段构建了新的启动子克隆载体pFDC4和表达型载体pFDC11,二者都能以很高的效率转化CU21原生质体。     

以绿色荧光蛋白为报告基因的原核启动子检测体系构建

以质粒pMUTIN-GFP 扩增获得的目的gfp 基因为报告基因,将其克隆到大肠杆菌-枯草芽孢杆菌穿梭载体pBE2,构建成一个具有启动子活性检测功能的重组质粒pBE2-GFP .将组成型启动子P43和诱导型启动子Pspac克隆入pBE2-GFP ,得到重组表达载体pBE-GFP-P43和pBE-GFP-Pspac,转化至大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌.荧光显微镜检测GFP 蛋白的表达情况.结果 表明,2种不同类型的启动子均能在大肠杆菌BL21和枯草芽孢杆菌1A751中启动gfp 基因的表达.     

外源基因在苏云金杆菌染色体上的定点整合及表达

[目的]研究构建稳定表达外源基因、无抗性标记基因的苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis简称Bt)工程菌的方法.在构建Bt工程菌时,高拷贝外源质粒的转入导致Bt芽孢数量减少,芽孢形成期延滞,影响Bt菌株的杀虫活力.而且,外源质粒在Bt中的稳定性较差,外源基因容易丢失.将基因整合人染色体是一种构建遗传性状稳定、杀虫活力高的Bt工程菌的有效方法.[方法]本研究采用PCR技术,分两段扩增定位于Bt无晶体突变株XBU001染色体上的trigger factor基因片段作为同源臂,克隆入温度敏感型载体pKSV7,构建了定点整合载体pKTF12.并利用pKTF12质粒将crylAc基因定点整合入XBU001染色体上.[结果]利用载体pKTF12将crylAc定点插入triggerfactor位点,对宿主菌XBU001的正常生长没有影响.重组菌株KCTF12中的crylAc基因能够稳定遗传、表达并形成菱形晶体.与携带高拷贝外源质粒的Bt菌株HTX42相比较,KCTF12具有芽孢数量增多、芽孢形成期提前的优势.[结论]定点整合法是一种构建稳定表达外源基因、无抗性标记基因Bt工程菌的有效方法.     

Increased production of Bacillus keratinase by chromosomal integration of multiple copies of the kerA gene

To increase the production of keratinase, stable strains of Bacillus licheniformis carrying multiple keratinase gene copies in the chromosome were developed. Integrative vectors carrying kerA with or without P43-promoter were constructed and subcloned into B. licheniformis T399D and Bacillus subtilis DB104. In T399D, multiple copies of kerA integration into the chromosome were identified and determined by Southern blot. The optimal integration of kerA was found in the range of 3-5 copies. Higher integration of gene copies (>5) caused reduced processing and secretion of the extracellular keratinase. In DB104, kerA was cloned in the plasmid, not integrated into the chromosome. The strong constitutive promoter P43 not only increased the keratinase production in plasmid-based expression in DB104 but also improved the enzyme yield of the integrants of T399D. New strains were able to enhance cell growth and enzyme yield at higher concentrations of medium substrate. When they were grown in either soy or feather medium, the keratinase activity was stable and improved by about 4-6 times.     

A new method for integration and stable DNA amplification in poorly transformable bacilli

Abstract We have developed a strategy for the integration and stable amplification of DNA sequences in the chromosome of poorly transformable bacilli, which avoids the presence of a functional plasmid replication system in the integrated DNA. The parental vector for integration contains two plus origins of replication from pUB110 in the same orientation on a single plasmid. Due to the direct repeats, such plasmids produce two individual progeny vectors, one of which is dependent on the other for replication, as it lacks a functional rep gene. We have used such a progeny vector system to integrate and amplify DNA on the chromosome of Bacillus licheniformis , and show that the structure is stable in the absence of selective pressure.     

Protein secretion in Bacillus subtilis as influenced by the combination of signal sequence and the following mature portion

Abstract We have constructed secretion vector plasmids that have the signal sequence of the Bacillus licheniformis penicillinase gene ( penP ) or the Bacillus stearothermophilus α-amylase gene ( amyT ). We have also constructed penP, amyT and hsa (human salivary α-amylase gene) cartridges. Each of these cartridges was cloned on secretion vectors in Bacillus subtilis , and enzyme production was examined. When amyT vector was used, nearly the same efficiency of enzyme secretion was observed for amyT and penP cartridges. When penP vector was used, enzyme secretion for amyT decreased to about 3% of that for penP cartridges. The eukaryotic gene hsa was hardly expressed in any secretion vectors in B. subtilis .     

坚强芽胞杆菌主要分泌蛋白的鉴定及其分泌性序列

[目的]坚强芽胞杆菌是一种在自然界普遍存在的益生菌,在对虾养殖中应用较为广泛.为了研究其分泌性蛋白从而为分泌性载体的构建提供理论依据,本文对坚强芽胞杆菌的主要分泌蛋白进行质谱鉴定及分泌性序列的分析.[方法]从本实验室分离保存的1株来自对虾肠道的坚强芽胞杆菌(Bacillus firmus)培养液中获取了分泌性蛋白,进行SDS-PAGE,并对表达量较高的3条蛋白区带进行MALDI-TOF/TOF质谱鉴定及克隆测序,进行生物信息学分析.[结果]鉴定出的蛋白分别是坚强芽胞杆菌几丁质酶(chitinase)、坚强芽胞杆菌肠毒素A(enterotoxin A)和坚强芽胞杆菌BCG9842蛋白(hypothetical protein BCG9842).经在线软件SignaIP 3.0分析,确定chitinase、enterotoxin和BCG9842均存在不同的分泌性信号肽序列bf-43、bf-37和bf-16,通过在线软件PSORT分析表明,bf-43定位于细胞的外膜上,bf-37和bf-16定位于细胞的胞外.[结论]本研究鉴定出了坚强芽胞杆菌的3个主要分泌性蛋白,分析筛选出了3条分泌性序列,为分泌性载体的构建提供理论依据.     

Construction of a bifunctional genetically labelled plasmid for Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis

A small cryptic plasmid of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was labelled in vitro with two genetic markers. One of the recombinant plasmids was mapped and transformed in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis. This and similar shuttle plasmids could be very useful as vectors for the investigation of the toxin genes in their own host.Abbreviations BTI Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis - MDal megadaltons     

枯草杆菌表达系统的研究进展

枯草杆菌由于具有非致病性、分泌蛋白能力强的特性的良好的发酵基础,是目前原核表达系统中分泌表达外源蛋白较理想的宿主。本阐述枯草杆菌基因表达的一般特点、表达载体、表达类型以及分泌表达存在的问题。     

New shuttle vectors for ectopic insertion of genes into Bacillus subtilis

We have constructed shuttle vectors for integration of genes via double homologous recombination into three ectopic sites on the chromosome of Bacillus subtilis. The sites of integration are the pyrD, gltA, and sacA genes located at 139 degrees, 172 degrees, and 333 degrees, respectively, on the chromosome. Integration of the vectors into the target genes leads to antibiotic resistance as well as different metabolic phenotypes. B. subtilis strains with integrations of the empty vectors were able to sporulate at rates comparable to wild type cells. Similar levels of expression were obtained from constitutive lacZ fusions integrated at the different sites.     

Vectors that facilitate the replacement of transcriptional lacZ fusions in Streptococcus mutans and Bacillus subtilis with fusions to gfp or gusA

Plasmid vectors have been constructed for Streptococcus mutans and Bacillus subtilis that make possible rapid replacement of the widely used reporter gene lacZ (encoding beta-galactosidase) with either gfp (encoding green fluorescent protein) or gusA (encoding beta-glucuronidase). The lacZ-->gfp replacement vectors greatly facilitate the analysis of the spatial location of gene expression in biofilms of S. mutans and in sporulating B. subtilis. The lacZ-->gusA replacement vectors facilitate the comparison of two promoters within the same organism. A vector is also described that enables gusA to be replaced with gfp in B. subtilis.     

Construction of plasmid-based expression vectors for Bacillus subtilis exhibiting full structural stability

A series of plasmid-based expression vectors have been constructed allowing stable intracellular expression of recombinant proteins in Bacillus subtilis strains. These expression vectors are based on the recently described Escherichia coli-B. subtilis shuttle vector pMTLBS72 which replicates as theta circles. Besides the weak constitutive promoter P(lepA), we inserted three different controllable promoters: P(gsiB) which can be induced by heat and acid shock, and by ethanol, P(xylA) and P(spac) which respond to the addition of xylose and IPTG, respectively. The versatility of these expression vectors was demonstrated by fusing their promoters to a reporter gene and by overexpression of the HtpG protein with three of them. All recombinant vectors exhibited full structural stability.