基于渗透压调控的纽莫康定B_0发酵动力学

以海洋丝状真菌Glarea lozoyensis Q45为研究对象,研究不同渗透压条件下Glarea lozoyensis Q45的生长、底物甘露醇消耗以及纽莫康定B_0的生产特性。基于Logistics方程、Luedeking-Piret方程和Luedeking-Piret-Like方程,得到了描述纽莫康定B_0发酵模型的动力学参数。基于发酵动力学模型,提出了在菌体生长稳定期添加1.61 g/L Na Cl的调控策略。在该策略下,纽莫康定B_0的产量达到1.75 g/L,比初始条件的结果提高24.6%。     

不同冷冻保藏条件对Glarea lozoyensis生长及产纽莫康定B_0能力的影响

棘白菌素类化合物纽莫康定B_0生产菌株Glarea lozoyensis,在其连续传代和发酵过程中都观察到菌株的变异,给科研、生产带来极大困扰。因此,采用低温冷冻保藏对G.lozoyensis Q1进行长期保存。采用单因素实验法研究了低温保护剂类型、保藏温度以及低温保护剂浓度对G.lozoyensis Q1菌体形态和发酵性能的影响。以作用于全细胞的80 g/L甘油和作用于细胞壁外的200 g/L PEG-6000作为低温保护剂,在-80℃保藏3个月后,纽莫康定B_0产量达到1.6 g/L,与保藏前基本一致。并且,当菌体保藏过后菌丝形态能维持一定褶皱的实验组产量均能保持在1 g/L以上,当表面趋于光滑时产量急剧下降,仅为初始的25%左右。结果表明,以甘油及PEG-6000作为冷冻保护剂,在-80℃条件下可实现G.lozoyensis Q1长期保藏。     

抗肿瘤银杏内生真菌Aspergillus oryzae YX-5发酵 培养基的优化

【目的】对一株具有抗肿瘤活性的银杏内生真菌Aspergillus oryzae YX-5的发酵培养基进行优化。【方法】以发酵后的菌体干重、粗提物质量和粗提物抗肿瘤活性为指标,通过单因素实验选出合适的碳源和氮源,再以选出的碳源、氮源以及K2HPO4、MgSO4·7H2O、KCl共5个因素进行正交实验,确定出最适宜的发酵培养基配方。【结果】YX-5的最佳发酵培养基配方为葡萄糖45 g/L,蛋白胨8 g/L,K2HPO4 0.5 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g/L,KCl 1 g/L,FeSO40.01 g/L。优化后菌体干重、代谢物的产量和抗肿瘤活性分别提高了41.88%、226.52%和19.31%。【结论】通过对米曲霉菌(Aspergillus oryzae)YX-5的发酵培养基进行优化,明显提高了粗提物产量和抗肿瘤活性,这对后期规模化发酵中减小发酵规模和降低工作量十分有利。     

利用响应面法优化固氮类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus sp.1–49的发酵培养基（英文）北大核心CSCD

【目的】固氮类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus sp.1–49是本实验室分离的具有潜在生物肥料价值的微生物菌剂。该菌在常见的培养基中不能高效生长(OD_(600)≤1)。本文拟优化发酵培养基成分以获得最大菌体生物量。【方法】运用响应面分析中的因素筛选实验设计和最陡爬坡实验以及中心复合设计法,对菌株的发酵培养基进行了响应面优化。【结果】利用响应面优化法最终确定了菌株最佳培养基:蔗糖36.22g/L,Tryptone 5.31 g/L,Yeast Extract 10.92 g/L,Mg SO_4 0.51 g/L,Na Cl 3.5 g/L,Na_2Mo O_4 0.02 g/L,FeS O_4 0.02 g/L。通过摇瓶发酵后菌体OD600=10.280,达到预测值的94.6%。【结论】利用响应面法成功地对Paenibacillus sp.1-49的发酵培养基进行了优化,为该菌株和其他类芽孢杆菌的大规模发酵提供了参考。     

利用响应面法优化固氮类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus sp.1–49的发酵培养基（英文）

【目的】固氮类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus sp.1–49是本实验室分离的具有潜在生物肥料价值的微生物菌剂。该菌在常见的培养基中不能高效生长(OD_(600)≤1)。本文拟优化发酵培养基成分以获得最大菌体生物量。【方法】运用响应面分析中的因素筛选实验设计和最陡爬坡实验以及中心复合设计法,对菌株的发酵培养基进行了响应面优化。【结果】利用响应面优化法最终确定了菌株最佳培养基:蔗糖36.22g/L,Tryptone 5.31 g/L,Yeast Extract 10.92 g/L,Mg SO_4 0.51 g/L,Na Cl 3.5 g/L,Na_2Mo O_4 0.02 g/L,FeS O_4 0.02 g/L。通过摇瓶发酵后菌体OD600=10.280,达到预测值的94.6%。【结论】利用响应面法成功地对Paenibacillus sp.1-49的发酵培养基进行了优化,为该菌株和其他类芽孢杆菌的大规模发酵提供了参考。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌PC2产抑菌物质培养基及发酵条件优化

【目的】优化解淀粉芽胞杆菌PC2产抑菌活性物质发酵培养基及发酵条件。【方法】以马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基为基础,依据发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌圈的单因素试验结果,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化发酵培养基,二次通用旋转组合设计,频率分析法优化发酵条件。【结果】影响发酵液抑菌活性的培养基主要组分为马铃薯、蔗糖和L-谷氨酸钠,最优发酵培养基配方为:马铃薯188.0 g/L,蔗糖22.0 g/L,L-谷氨酸钠1.80 g/L,培养基成本为0.81元/L;最佳发酵条件为:接种量6%、发酵温度30°C、装液量40 mL/250 mL、摇床转速185 r/min、发酵时间24 h、初始pH 7.0。优化后发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌圈直径为30.82 mm,较优化前的18.22 mm增加了12.60 mm。【结论】优化后的培养基和发酵条件提高了解淀粉芽胞杆菌PC2发酵液的抑菌活性,为该菌株的工业化生产应用提供了依据。     

利用响应面法优化α-糖苷酶抑制剂发酵培养基

【目的】采用响应面法对戈壁三素链霉菌PW409发酵合成α-糖苷酶抑制剂的培养基进行优化。【方法】采用Plackett-Burman法筛选影响α-糖苷酶抑制剂产生的关键因素,用最陡爬坡试验逼近关键因素的最大响应区域,采用Box-Behnken设计以及响应面分析法,得到各因素的最佳浓度,通过液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)对发酵液中α-糖苷酶抑制剂进行定量分析。【结果】发酵培养基中可溶性淀粉、KNO3和K2HPO4的浓度对α-糖苷酶抑制剂的产量影响较大。优化后的培养基组成为:可溶性淀粉9.01 g/L,KNO3 11.0 g/L,K2HPO4 0.32 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 0.50 g/L,FeSO4.7H2O 0.01 g/L,pH 7.5。【结论】在此优化条件下,链霉菌PW409发酵液对麦芽糖苷酶的半数抑制浓度IC50为22 mg/L,抑制活性较优化前提高了近10倍。发酵液中的1-脱氧野尻霉素含量可达7.84 mg/L,较优化前提高了668倍,米格列醇的含量可达0.94 mg/L,较优化前提高了10倍。     

豆血红蛋白在毕赤酵母中的表达条件优化

【背景】豆血红蛋白可赋予素肉制品类似牛肉的红褐色质地,已被美国食品药物监督管理局批准作为人造素肉的着色剂,近年来受到广泛关注。【目的】优化毕赤酵母产豆血红蛋白的培养条件,提高毕赤酵母产豆血红蛋白的产量。【方法】首先通过单因素试验研究蛋白胨种类、大豆蛋白胨浓度、铁盐种类及血红素浓度在诱导阶段对毕赤酵母产豆血红蛋白的影响;然后通过Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选出对豆血红蛋白产量影响最大的3个因素,再通过最陡爬坡法确定3个因素的变化范围,对3个因素进行响应面分析;最后根据响应面结果进行摇瓶发酵和发酵罐高密度发酵。【结果】单因素试验发现：用4%大豆蛋白胨作为主要氮源、甲醇诱导浓度为1.5%、血红素浓度为5μmol/L时发酵效果较好,经过响应面优化后得到蛋白胨浓度为51.48 g/L、pH 5.66、培养基装液量35.84mL/250mL是最优发酵条件。在此优化条件下,LegH摇瓶发酵产量为0.191 mg/mL,与预测值(0.183 mg/mL)比较接近。采用5 L发酵罐进行高密度发酵,LegH产量最高达到0.384 mg/mL。【结论】优化了毕赤酵母表达豆血红蛋白的发酵条件,获得...     

内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌CC09产Iturin A摇瓶发酵条件优化

【目的】提高内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌CC09发酵产抗菌脂肽Iturin A的产量。【方法】首先采用单因子实验研究了碳源、氮源、NaCl浓度、pH、温度、转速和装液量等因子对CC09产Iturin A能力的影响,然后对其中显著性因子:氮源浓度、pH、温度及装液量4个因素进行正交实验,进一步优化发酵条件。【结果】优化培养基组成及发酵条件可以提高CC09菌株的生长速度及产Iturin A的量,其中可溶性淀粉以及一定比例的蛋白胨和酵母粉是CC09菌株产Iturin A的良好碳源和氮源;培养温度、装液量、培养液pH等也对CC09菌株产Iturin A有显著影响。优化后的培养基成分:可溶性淀粉(碳源)5 g/L、比例为3:1的胰蛋白胨酵母粉混合氮源15 g/L、NaCl 1 g/L;最佳培养条件:pH 6.0、28°C、摇床转速120 r/min、培养瓶装液量20%。【结论】在此条件下,Iturin A的产量可达到690 mg/L,较优化前的138 mg/L提高了4倍。     

应用响应面法优化发酵培养基提高达托霉素产量

【背景】达托霉素来自玫瑰孢链霉菌NRRL 11379的发酵产物,是重要的临床用抗生素。其原始产生菌发酵周期长,影响达托霉素的生产效率。本实验室前期在天蓝色链霉菌中重构了达托霉素的生物合成途径,有效地缩短了发酵周期,但重组菌株K10中达托霉素发酵产量很低,制约了后续的研究和开发。【目的】利用响应面法优化产达托霉素的重组菌天蓝色链霉菌K10的发酵培养基组分,获得达托霉素高产的发酵培养基配方。【方法】采用单因素实验、Plackett-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验和响应面法设计优化达托霉素发酵培养基,使用Design Expert 8.0对实验数据进行分析。【结果】培养基各成分中影响达托霉素产量的3个主要因素是糊精、酵母提取物和酪蛋白,其最佳浓度分别为25.11、2.20和2.00 g/L。在此条件下,达托霉素产量达到15.30 mg/L,较原始培养基产量提高了2.17倍。【结论】实验获得了达托霉素产量明显提高的天蓝色链霉菌K10发酵培养基配方,为达托霉素的后续研究提供可靠支撑。     

Genome sequence of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis: the first genome sequence of a species from the Helotiaceae family

The anamorphic fungus Glarea lozoyensis mutant strain 74030 is an overproducer of pneumocandin B(0), which is chemically converted into Cancidas, a potent antibiotic against clinically important fungal pathogens. Pneumocandins are acylated, cyclic hexapeptides with unusual hydroxylated amino acids. With the Glarea lozoyensis genome, the first species from the large polyphyletic family Helotiaceae has been sequenced.     

Scale up of a viscous fungal fermentation: application of scale-up criteria with regime analysis and operating boundary conditions

The scale up of the novel, pharmaceutically important pneumocandin (B(0)), from the filamentous fungus Glarea lozoyensis was successfully completed from pilot scale (0.07, 0.8, and 19 m(3)) to production scale (57 m(3)). This was accomplished, despite dissimilar reactor geometry, employing a combination of scale-up criteria, process sensitivity studies, and regime analysis using characteristic time constants for both oxygen mass transfer and bulk mixing. Dissolved oxygen tension, separated from the influence of agitation by gas blending at the 0.07 m(3)-scale, had a marked influence on the concentrations of pneumocandin analogs with different levels of hydroxylation, and these concentrations were used as an indicator of bulk mixing upon scale up. The profound impact of dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) (low and high levels) on analog formation dictated the use of constant DOT, at 80% air saturation, as a scale-up criterion. As a result k(L)a, Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and hence the OTR were held constant, which were effectively conserved across the scales, while the use of other criterion such as P(g)/V(L), or mixing time were less effective. Production scale (57 m(3)) mixing times were found to be faster than those at 19 m(3) due to a difference in liquid height/tank diameter ratio (H(L)/D(T)). Regime analysis at 19 and 57 m(3) for bulk mixing (t(c)) and oxygen transfer (1/k(L)a) showed that oxygen transfer was the rate-limiting step for this highly shear thinning fermentation, providing additional support for the choice of scale-up criterion.     

Pilot-scale process sensitivity studies for the scaleup of a fungal fermentation for the production of pneumocandins

The filamentous fungus Glarea lozoyensis produces a novel, pharmaceutically important pneumocandin (B(0)) that is used to synthesize a lipopeptide which demonstrates cidal activity against clinically relevant pathogens. A range of unwanted pneumocandin analogs are also produced by the organism. To maintain the unwanted impurities to acceptable levels upon scaleup, a good understanding of the impact of chemical and physical environment on the cell physiology is required, which benefits downstream processing. Pilot-scale studies were performed to determine the impact of dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and carbon dioxide on the process. Experiments included multiple fermenters (up to seven) at 0.07 and 0.8 m(3) scale using single source medium sterilization and inoculum. Gas blending was used to separate effects of dissolved oxygen from agitation. The process was significantly influenced by dissolved oxygen level. The critical dissolved oxygen tension (C(crit)) for growth was below 2% air saturation. The C(crit) for production of pneumocandin B(0) was 20% air saturation, with a significant reduction of the specific production rate below this value. In contrast, low dissolved oxygen levels produced a substantial increase of pneumocandins B(1), B(5), and E(0), while high dissolved oxygen levels produced a disproportionate increase of D(5). This sensivity to dissolved oxygen was independent of agitation within a power range of 2-15 kW/m(3). Broth viscosity was impacted below 10% dissolved oxygen, suggesting an effect on morphology. The process was shown to be sensitive to temperature but relatively insensitive to pH and carbon dioxide (in the exhaust gas) within the ranges studied. This scaledown analysis explained phenomena seen at pilot scale and helped define operating boundary conditions for successful scale up to 19 m(3).     

Rheological characterization of a fungal fermentation for the production of pneumocandins

The filamentous fungus Glarea lozoyensis produces a novel, pharmaceutically important pneumocandin (B₀) that is used to synthesize a polypeptide, which demonstrates fungicidal activity against clinically relevant pathogens. The scale-up of the pneumocandin fermentation requires an understanding of the rheological properties of the broth and the factors that influence flow behavior. A systematic approach for characterizing the rheological properties using a standard methodology is presented here. An appropriate rheometer was chosen and the effects of shear rate ramping, broth handling, creep and yield testing were examined. The fed-batch fermentation used a soluble production medium that allowed the relationship between biomass and rheological properties to be studied up to the 19-m³ scale. The morphologically heterogeneous broth demonstrated time-dependent shear thinning behavior with thixotropy and a yield stress. The flow curves were described by the power law model, with flow behavior of 0.35-0.4 and consistency index up to 10 Pa.sⁿ. The use of a cup and bob rheometer was preferable to alternative techniques, including turbine and spindle systems defined by Mitschka's technique. The consistency index and flow behavior were shown to have a non-linear relationship with biomass concentrations up to 140 g/L. The consistency index continually increased with biomass during the fermentation, while the flow behavior initially decreased rapidly and then remained at low values for the remainder of the batch cultivation. The consistency index and yield stress were influenced by temperature, osmotic pressure, and pH, while the flow behavior remained independent of these factors.     

生物破乳剂产生菌混合培养及其发酵条件的优化

【目的】对菌株L1和XH1的混合发酵条件进行优化,为混合菌发酵生物破乳剂的实际生产和应用提供理论依据。【方法】利用响应面实验(RSM)的中心组合旋转设计方法(CCRD)针对混合菌的发酵条件进行优化,通过对模型乳状液进行破乳实验,以排油率作为发酵液破乳效能的评价标准。【结果】经模型的分析与验证,确定最佳发酵条件为：种子液比例(L1:XH1)为3:2,葡萄糖投加时间为第4天,投加葡萄糖后再培养21 h,液体石蜡含量3.6% (体积比)。【结论】与破乳菌XH1和L1单独培养相比,经混合培养后获得复合生物破乳剂具有投加量少、破乳接触时间短的优势。同时双株破乳菌复配培养有效地提高了培养基中主要营养物质的利用率,减少了对底物的浪费。     

Novel proline hydroxylase activities in the pneumocandin-producing fungus Glarea lozoyensis responsible for the formation of trans 3- and trans 4-hydroxyproline

Novel proline 3-hydroxylase (P3H) and proline 4-hydroxylase (P4H) activities that convert free l-proline to both trans 3- and trans 4-hydroxy- l-proline were detected in protein extracts of the anamorphic fungus Glarea lozoyensis. The enzymatic conversion of l-proline to trans 3- and trans 4-hydroxy- l-proline was strictly dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate, ascorbate, and dithiothreitol. Ferrous iron was required for optimal P3H and P4H activity. These substrate and co-factor requirements indicate these enzyme activities belong to the class of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. Both P3H and P4H were inhibited by zinc and other trace metals. The addition of proline to the fermentation medium resulted in an increase in the specific activity of P4H and a decrease in the synthesis of pneumocandin C(0). Additionally, the synthesis of trans 3- and trans 4-hydroxy- l-proline in vivo was affected differently by the proline concentration in the medium. This result suggested that two enzymes may be responsible for the regio- and stereospecific hydroxylation of l-proline.     

Novel osmotic stress control strategy for improved pneumocandin B0 production in Glarea lozoyensis combined with a mechanistic analysis at the transcriptome level

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Pneumocandin B0, the precursor of the antifungal drug caspofungin, is a secondary metabolite of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. In this study, we investigated...     

Protoplast mutant selection of Glarea Lozoyensis and statistical optimization of medium for pneumocandin B0 yield-up

A combination of microbial strain improvement and statistical optimization is investigated to maximize pneumocandin B₀ production from Glarea lozoyensis ATCC 74030. Atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) was used to enhance G. lozoyensis ATCC 74030 in pneumocandin B₀ yield. Mutant strain G. lozoyensis Q1 exhibited 1.39-fold increase in pneumocandin B₀ production to 1134 mg/L when compared with the parent strain (810 mg/L). Further, the optimized medium provided another 1.65-fold in final pneumocandin B₀ concentration to 1873 mg/L compared to the original medium. The results of this study indicated the combined application of a classical mutation and medium optimization can improve effectively pneumocandin B₀ production from G. lozoyensis and could be a tool to improve other secondary metabolites production by fungal strains.     

响应面法优化细菌EHB01对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的溶藻条件

【背景】水体富营养化导致的蓝藻水华对淡水资源造成了严重污染。利用环境友好型的溶藻菌可有效控制蓝藻的生长,是防治蓝藻水华形成的有效途径之一。【目的】优化溶藻细菌EHB01对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的溶藻条件,以期为治理蓝藻水华污染提供高效的溶藻菌制剂。【方法】采用单因素试验对溶藻的发酵液浓度、温度、光照以及C:N和N:P进行分析,并对溶藻细菌EHB01发酵液的碳源、氮源和p H进行优化。基于单因素试验,选用中心组合试验设计(central composite design,CCD)确定关键因子的最佳数量水平,并以Desig-Expert 8.0.5进行回归分析,通过响应面分析获得溶藻效果最佳的参数。【结果】发酵液浓度对溶藻率的影响表现为持续上升;温度对溶藻率表现为先上升后下降;而光照、C:N和N:P均对细菌EHB01发酵液溶藻率的影响表现为先降低后上升的趋势。溶藻细菌EHB01发酵液所需的最佳碳源为蔗糖,氮源为硝酸钾,pH为7.5,优化条件下溶藻率达86.97%,与优化之前相比提高了21.72%。【结论】采用响应面法优化得出溶藻细菌EHB01发酵液最优的培养条件,且模型拟合效果较好,可为溶藻菌制剂工业化发酵提供有效依据。