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红曲菌(Monascus spp.)是我国重要的药食同源微生物,红曲色素(Monascus pigments,MPs)是其主要次级代谢产物之一。有研究表明,甘油可促进红曲菌产MPs,但作用机制不明。以丛毛红曲菌(Monascus pilosus)MS-1为实验菌株,考察甘油与葡萄糖或蔗糖复合对红曲菌产MPs的影响。在不含碳源的合成培养基中,将甘油与葡萄糖或蔗糖复合,采用分光光度法和高效液相色谱法等分析MPs的产量和组分、生物量及发酵液pH。当甘油与葡萄糖复合,添加甘油后发酵液pH、生物量无显著变化(P0.05),总色价显著降低(P0.05)。当2 g/L或40 g/L甘油与蔗糖复合,发酵液pH显著降低而生物量及总色价显著增加(P0.05)。当40 g/L甘油与蔗糖复合时,总色价是仅以蔗糖为碳源时的16.5倍,且MPs同系物数量明显增多(P0.05)。在合成培养基条件下,甘油促进红曲菌产MPs具有碳源种类的选择性。该结果可为研究甘油影响红曲菌产MPs的作用机制提供参考,为甘油用于MPs生产提供依据。 相似文献
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红曲菌次生代谢产物生物合成途径及相关基因的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
红曲菌(Monascus spp.)是我国重要的药食两用微生物资源之一,能够产生天然食品添加剂红曲色素、降血酯活性物质Monacolin K等有益次生代谢产物,但也能分泌真菌毒素桔霉素(Citrinin),红曲菌及其相关产品的安全性由此受到质疑.因此,如何促进红曲菌有益代谢产物的产生,减少或抑制桔霉素的产生成为广大科研工作者研究的重点方向.近年来,红曲菌的分子生物学研究有了较快的发展,红曲菌次生代谢产物生物合成及其调控的研究是热点.本文重点介绍红曲色素、Monacolin K和桔霉素生物合成途径及相关基因的研究进展,以期为有效调控红曲菌次生代谢产物的产生、提高红曲产品的安全性提供参考和借鉴. 相似文献
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培养红曲菌产生红曲色素,自古以来中国就用以酿酒,台湾也广泛用以造红酒,老红洒,红腐乳等。近年来。由于红曲菌生产的红曲色素无毒,所以,作为天然色素代替焦油合成红色素,越来越引人注目。 相似文献
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摘要:【目的】研究红色红曲菌(Monascus ruber) M7中控制红曲色素合成的聚酮合酶基因(pksPT)的功能。【方法】对M7 中pksPT进行了生物信息学分析;借助农杆菌介导的红曲菌转化技术敲除M7中pksPT,获得pksPT缺失突变体(ΔpksPT),比较M7和ΔpksPT菌落形态、产孢能力、生长速度、色素和桔霉素产量的差异。【结果】pksPT全长8687 bp,编码蛋白含有2690个氨基酸,属于非还原Ⅲ型聚酮合酶,包括β-酮酯酰基合成酶(KS)、酰基载体蛋白(ACP)、酰基转移酶(AT)和甲基转移酶(ME)四种结构域,组合形式为KS-AT-ACPACP-ME。ΔpksPT的分析结果显示,pksPT的敲除不影响其产分生孢子和闭囊壳的能力;ΔpksPT不能产生任何一种红曲色素;其生长速度明显快于野生菌株M7;桔霉素产量较M7 提高了2.8倍。【结论】pksPT是M7中控制红曲色素合成的关键基因,红曲色素的合成显著影响红曲菌产桔霉素能力和生长速度。 相似文献
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红曲是中国传统的食品发酵真菌,它产生的次级代谢产物有黄,橙,红等色素,一组抗高胆固醇剂,包括红曲菌素K(monacolin K),和降血压剂γ-氨基丁酸(GABA),和杀菌化合物,包括色素和桔霉素(citrinin)。 相似文献
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从中国科学院微生物研究所保藏红曲菌中,筛选得到一株高产红色素的红曲菌菌株(AS.3.4617)。经鉴定属于红色红曲菌(Monascus anka Sato).通过有机溶剂的萃取和两次硅胶柱层析,从该菌株中分离得到两种色素样品,高压液相色谱测定为纯色素样品。通过元素组成分析,核磁共振谱,快离子轰击,质谱和高分辨质谱分析确定,这两种色素与已知的六种红曲菌色素不同,为新发现的红曲菌色素,它们可能的分子式为:C_(25)H_(31)O_5N和C_(23)H_(27)O_5N。 相似文献
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红曲菌能产生多种有益的次级代谢产物,但红曲菌也产生一种对人和哺乳动物肝和肾有毒害的毒素,即桔霉素。因此控制毒素的产生是保障红曲产品安全性所必须的。故对桔霉素的合成途径及相关的基因做深入了解。6个桔霉素合成相关的基因成簇位于21 kb的DNA片段上。克隆了一个新基因(orf7基因),其位于该基因簇的外侧。采用基因敲除技术,构建红曲菌orf7基因缺失菌株。并采用紫外分光光度法检测orf7基因缺失菌株的红曲色素产量,HPLC法检测其桔霉素产量。orf7缺失菌株产红曲色素能力与出发菌株As3.4384相比没有变化;产桔霉素培养13~19 d,桔霉素的产量与出发菌株As3.4384相比增加了 142.4%。从而证实orf7基因与桔霉素代谢相关。 相似文献
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Qingpei Liu Nana Xie Yi He Li Wang Yanchun Shao Hongzhou Zhao Fusheng Chen 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2014,98(1):285-296
Monascus pigments (MPs) have been used as food colorants for several centuries in Asian countries. However, MP biosynthesis pathway is still a controversy, and only few related genes have been reported. In this study, the function of MpigE, a gene involved in MP biosynthesis in Monascus ruber M7, was analyzed. The results revealed that the disruption, complementation, and overexpression of MpigE in M. ruber M7 had very little effects on the growth and phenotypes except MPs. The MpigE deletion strain (?MpigE) just yielded four kinds of yellow MPs and very little red pigments, while the wild-type strain M. ruber M7 produced a MP complex mixture including three (orange, red, and yellow) categories of MP compounds. Two of the four yellow MPs produced by ?MpigE were the same as those yielded by M. ruber M7. The MpigE complementation strain (?MpigE::MpigE) recovered the ability to generate orange and red MPs as M. ruber M7. The MP types produced by the MpigE overexpression strain (M7::PtrpC-MpigE) were consistent with those of M. ruber M7, while the color value was about 1.3-fold as that of M. ruber M7 (3,129 U/g red kojic). For the production of citrinin, the disruption of MpigE almost had no influence on the strain, whereas the overexpression of MpigE made citrinin decrease drastically in YES fermentation. This work will make a contribution to the study on the biosynthesis pathway of MPs in M. ruber. 相似文献
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In China, Monascus spp., a traditional fungus used in fermentation, is used as a natural food additive. Monascus spp. can produce a secondary metabolite, monacolin K namely, which is proven to be a cholesterol-lowering and hypotensive agent. Hence, recently, many researchers have begun focusing on how to increase the production of monacolin K by Monascus purpureus. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the fungal elicitor and the mutagenesis of UV & LiCl on the amount of monacolin K produced by Monascus purpureus. The fugal elicitor, Sporobolomyces huaxiensis, was isolated from tea leaves and its filtrate was added into the culture filtrate of Monascus purpureus during growth to induct the production of monacolin K. The results showed that the highest amount of monacolin K produced by the liquid fermentation was 446.92 mg/mL, which was produced after the fungal elicitor was added to the culture filtrate of Monascus purpureus on the day 4; this amount was approximately 6 times greater than that of the control culture filtrate, whereas the highest amount of monacolin K produced by the mutated strain was 3 times greater than the control culture after the irradiation of UV light in the presence of 1.0 % LiCl in the medium. 相似文献
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对生物柴油废液作简单处理,利用红曲茵发酵生物柴油废液中副产物甘油生产红曲色素。通过响应面方法确定最佳发酵培养基为:甘油48.49g/L,蛋白胨3.12g/L,K2HPO4·3H202.01g/L,MgSO4 0.48g/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.04g/L,MnSO4·H2O 0.03g/L,玉米浆13mL/L,植物油10mL/L,起始pH为6。发酵结果表明:在接种量6%(v/v),转速140r/min,35℃的条件下发酵培养6d,红曲色素最高产量到达204U/mL。说明用生物柴油废液中的粗甘油为原料生产红曲色素是基本可行的。可望为生物柴油废液的资源化提供一条环境友好型的途径。 相似文献
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Monacolin K-enriched ganghwayakssuk (Artemisia princeps Pamp.) was developed by fermentation with Monascus sp. Among the 15 Monascus spp. isolated previously from Monascus fermentation products, Monascus pilosus KMU108 produced 2,219 mg/kg of monacolin K during ganghwayakssuk fermentation with no detectable citrinin. The optimum concentrations of ganghwayakssuk and glucose determined from the response surface methodology (RSM) design were 2.2% and 3.8%, respectively. By applying these conditions, the monacolin K productivity was increased to 3,007 mg/kg after 15 days of fermentation. On the other hand, other characteristics such as the total content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, and the antioxidant activity were relatively unchanged. Therefore, Monascusfermented ganghwayakssuk is an excellent biomaterial for the development of functional foods because of its high level of monacolin K, known to lower cholesterol levels. 相似文献
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红曲霉不同转化方法比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究红曲霉聚酮体途径,考察和比较了4种不同的转化方法以建立有效的红曲霉遗传转化系统。以潮霉素作为抗性筛选标记,pBC-Hygro作为转化载体,用基于原生质体的传统转化和电击转化、基于萌发孢子的电击转化以及REMI技术转化红曲霉。发现基于萌发孢子的电击转化由于转化率极低而不适于红曲霉转化。基于原生质体的传统转化和电击转化尽管每微克DNA分别能获得135个转化子和125个转化子,但因转化子稳定性差也适合红曲霉转化的转化。应用REMI技术,转化率提高约20倍,每微克DNA 2500个转化子,70%~75%的转化子的稳定,非常适合于红曲霉的转化。
相似文献
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Morphological change and enhanced pigment production of monascus when cocultured with saccharomyces cerevisiae or aspergillus oryzae 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
When a Monascus isolate, a producer of Monascus pigments, was cocultured with either Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Aspergillus oryzae in a solid sucrose medium, there were significant morphological changes in Monascus culture. Cocultures exhibited cell mass increases of 2 times and pigment yield increases of 30 to 40 times compared to monocultures of Monascus. However, enhanced cell growth, an increase in pigment production, and morphological change did not occur in coculture with Bacillus cereus. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was more effective at enhancing pigment production than Asp. oryzae. Enhanced cell growth and increased pigment production occurred only in conjunction with morphological changes. Culture filtrates of S. cerevisiae were also effective in inducing morphology change in Monascus, similar to culture broths of S. cerevisiae. The hydrolytic enzymes produced by S. cerevisiae, such as amylase, and chitinase, are thought to be the effectors. The commercial enzymes alpha-amylase and protease from Asp. oryzae both caused a morphological change in Monascus and were effective in enhancing pigment production. However, lysozyme, alpha-amylase and protease from Bacillus species, protease from Staphylococcus, and chitinase from Streptomyces were not effective. The hydrolytic enzymes which cause a morphological change of Monascus culture and enhancement of pigment production are thought to be capable of degrading Monascus cell walls. An approximate 10-fold increase in pigment production was observed in liquid cocultures with S. cerevisiae. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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Kevin N. Couper Tom Barnes Julius C. R. Hafalla Valery Combes Bernhard Ryffel Thomas Secher Georges E. Grau Eleanor M. Riley J. Brian de Souza 《PLoS pathogens》2010,6(1)
There is considerable debate as to the nature of the primary parasite-derived moieties that activate innate pro-inflammatory responses during malaria infection. Microparticles (MPs), which are produced by numerous cell types following vesiculation of the cellular membrane as a consequence of cell death or immune-activation, exert strong pro-inflammatory activity in other disease states. Here we demonstrate that MPs, derived from the plasma of malaria infected mice, but not naive mice, induce potent activation of macrophages in vitro as measured by CD40 up-regulation and TNF production. In vitro, these MPs induced significantly higher levels of macrophage activation than intact infected red blood cells. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that MPs contained significant amounts of parasite material indicating that they are derived primarily from infected red blood cells rather than platelets or endothelial cells. MP driven macrophage activation was completely abolished in the absence of MyD88 and TLR-4 signalling. Similar levels of immunogenic MPs were produced in WT and in TNF−/−, IFN-γ−/−, IL-12−/− and RAG-1−/− malaria-infected mice, but were not produced in mice injected with LPS, showing that inflammation is not required for the production of MPs during malaria infection. This study therefore establishes parasitized red blood cell-derived MPs as a major inducer of systemic inflammation during malaria infection, raising important questions about their role in severe disease and in the generation of adaptive immune responses. 相似文献
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Monascus pigments 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Monascus pigments (MPs) as natural food colorants have been widely utilized in food industries in the world, especially in China and Japan. Moreover, MPs possess a range of biological activities, such as anti-mutagenic and anticancer properties, antimicrobial activities, potential anti-obesity activities, and so on. So, in the past two decades, more and more attention has been paid to MPs. Up to now, more than 50 MPs have been identified and studied. However, there have been some reviews about red fermented rice and the secondary metabolites produced by Monascus, but no monograph or review of MPs has been published. This review covers the categories and structures, biosynthetic pathway, production, properties, detection methods, functions, and molecular biology of MPs. 相似文献
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