Isoptericola rhizophila sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil

A Gram-positive, yellow pigmented strain, BKS 3-46^T was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Ficus benghalensis (banyan tree) in Bhitarkanika mangrove forest, in the Indian state of Odisha, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic study. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain was determined and the sequence analysis showed that strain BKS 3-46^T should be assigned to the genus Isoptericola. The chemotaxonomic data supported this taxonomic placement i.e. presence of menaquinone MK-9(H₄); major fatty acids anteiso C_15:0 and iso-C_15:0; and phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as major polar lipids. Further phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence confirmed that the strain BKS 3-46^T belongs to the genus Isoptericola and is closely related to Isoptericola halotolerans MTCC 11265^T (98.6 %) followed by Isoptericola nanjingensis MTCC 11633^T (98.4 %) and Isoptericola chiayiensis MTCC 11634^T (98.1 %). However, the DNA–DNA hybridization values obtained between strain BKS 3-46^T and other related strains were well below the threshold that is required for the proposal of a novel species. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 70.4 mol%. The phenotypic and genotypic data showed that the strain BKS 3-46^T merits the recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Isoptericola. It is proposed that the isolate should be classified in the genus Isoptericola as a novel species, Isoptericola rhizophila sp. nov. The type strain is BKS 3-46^T (=MTCC 11080^T=JCM 19252^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces gamaensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete with antifungal activity isolated from soil in Gama,Chad

During an investigation exploring potential sources of novel species and natural products, a novel actinomycete with antifungal activity, designated strain NEAU-Gz11^T, was isolated from a soil sample, which was collected from Gama, Chad. The isolate was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of members of the genus Streptomyces. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain NEAU-Gz11^T belongs to the genus Streptomyces with high sequence similarity to Streptomyces hiroshimensis JCM 4098^T (98.0 %). Similarities to other type strains of the genus Streptomyces were lower than 98.0 %. However, the physiological and biochemical characteristics and low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness could differentiate the isolate genotypically and phenotypically from S. hiroshimensis JCM 4098^T. Therefore, the strain is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces gamaensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-Gz11^T (=CGMCC 4.7304^T=DSM 101531^T).     

Winogradskyella undariae sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from a brown algae reservoir

A novel bacterial strain, designated WS-MY5^T, capable of degrading a variety of polysaccharides was isolated from a brown algae (Undaria pinnatifida) reservoir at Wando in the South Sea, South Korea. Strain WS-MY5^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain WS-MY5^T falls within the clade comprising Winogradskyella species, clustering with the type strains of Winogradskyella pacifica, Winogradskyella arenosi, Winogradskyella rapida and Winogradskyella thalassocola, with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.3–98.8 %. It exhibited sequence similarity values of 93.0–96.2 % to the type strains of the other recognized Winogradskyella species. Strain WS-MY5^T was found to contain MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0 3-OH, iso-C_17:0 3-OH and iso-C_15:1 G as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain WS-MY5^T were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids. The DNA G+C content of strain WS-MY5^T was determined to be 33.2 mol% and its DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of W. pacifica, W. arenosi, W. rapida and W. thalassocola were in the range 16–28 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, enabled strain WS-MY5^T to be differentiated from the recognized Winogradskyella species. On the basis of the data presented here, strain WS-MY5^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Winogradskyella, for which the name Winogradskyella undariae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WS-MY5^T (=KCTC 32261^T=CCUG 63832^T).     

Description of Dietzia lutea sp. nov., isolated from a desert soil in Egypt

An actinobacterial strain YIM 80766^T was isolated from a soil sample collected from the eastern desert of Egypt, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. The organism was found to have a range of chemical and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Dietzia. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain YIM 80766^T and the other type strains of recognized members of the genus Dietzia were 97.0–98.9%. However, DNA–DNA hybridization values and phenotypic characteristics revealed that the strain differed from the currently recognized species of the genus Dietzia. Therefore, strain YIM 80766^T represents a novel species of the genus Dietzia, for which the name Dietzia lutea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 80766^T (=KCTC 19232^T=DSM 45074^T=CCTCC AA 207008^T). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain YIM 80766^T has been deposited in GenBank under the accession number EU821598.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharopolyspora lacisalsi</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel halophilic actinomycete isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang,China

A novel actinomycete strain, designated TRM 40133^T, was isolated from a hypersaline habitat of Tarim basin in Xinjiang Province, north-west China. Its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on an almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed that it formed a well-seperated sub-branch within the radiation of the genus Saccharopolyspora. The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found between the strain TRM 40133^T and Saccharopolyspora qijiaojingensis YIM 91168^T (96.5%). The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolate are typical for the genus Saccharopolyspora. It contained meso-DAP as the diagnostic diamino acid. Whole cell hydrolysate contained arabinose, xylose, ribose and glucose. The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. The main menaquinone was MK-9(H₆) and MK-9(H₄). No mycolic acid was detected. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C_16:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.2 mol%. In addition, the strain TRM 40133^T had a phenotypic profile that readily distinguished it from the recognized representatives of the genus Saccharopolyspora. The strain TRM 40133^T therefore represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora lacisalsi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TRM 40133^T (=KCTC 19987^T =CCTCC AA 2010012^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces luozhongensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete with antifungal activity and antibacterial activity

A novel actinomycete strain, designated TRM 49605^T, was isolated from a desert soil sample from Lop Nur, Xinjiang, north-west China, and characterised using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain exhibited antifungal activity against the following strains: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium citrinum, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis; Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus; and no antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated strain TRM 49605^T to the genus Streptomyces. Strain TRM 49605^T shows high sequence similarities to Streptomyces roseolilacinus NBRC 12815^T (98.62 %), Streptomyces flavovariabilis NRRL B-16367^T (98.45 %) and Streptomyces variegatus NRRL B-16380^T (98.45 %). Whole cell hydrolysates of strain TRM 49605^T were found to contain ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and galactose, glucose, xylose and mannose as the major whole cell sugars. The major fatty acids in strain TRM 49605^T were identified as iso C_16:0, anteiso C_15:0, C_16:0 and Summed Feature 5 as defined by MIDI. The main menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H₄), MK-9(H₆), MK-9(H₈) and MK-10(H₆). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.2 %. The DNA–DNA relatedness between strain TRM 49605^T and the phylogenetically related strain S. roseolilacinus NBRC 12815^T was 60.12 ± 0.06 %, which is lower than the 70 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain TRM 49605^T (=CCTCC AA2015026^T = KCTC 39666^T) should be designated as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces luozhongensis sp. nov. is proposed.     

Paenibacillus beijingensis sp. nov., a novel nitrogen-fixing species isolated from jujube garden soil

A novel Gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile, spore-forming, nitrogen-fixing bacterium, designated strain 7188^T, was isolated from jujube rhizosphere soil in Beijing, China. The strain grew at 4–40 °C and pH 6–12, with an optimum of 30 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain 7188^T is a member of the genus Paenibacillus. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain 7188^T and the type strains of all recognized members of the genus Paenibacillus were below 96 %. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_17:0 and C_16:0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C content of strain 7188^T was 60.3 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unknown aminophospholipids. The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan is meso-diaminopimelic acid. On the basis of these results, strain 7188^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus beijingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 7188^T (=ACCC 03082^T = DSM 24997^T).     

Polaribacter reichenbachii sp. nov.: A New Marine Bacterium Associated with the Green Alga Ulva fenestrata

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 6Alg 8^T, was isolated from the common Pacific green alga Ulva fenestrata. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the novel strain within the genus Polaribacter, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, the phylum Bacteroidetes, with sequence similarities of 97.6 % to Polaribacter dokdonensis DSW-5^T and 92.8–96.1 % to other recognized Polaribacter species. The prevalent fatty acids of strain 6Alg 8^T were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:1, iso-C_15:0 2-OH, C_15:0 and C_15:1ω6. The polar lipid profile consisted of the major lipids phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids and one unknown lipid. The DNA G+C content of the type strain is 31.6 mol%. The new isolate and the type strains of recognized species of the genus Polaribacter were readily distinguished based on a number of phenotypic characteristics. A combination of the genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the algal isolate represents a novel species of the genus Polaribacter, for which the name Polaribacter reichenbachii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 6Alg 8^T (= KCTC 23969^T = KMM 6386^T = LMG 26443^T).     

Halococcus sediminicola sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a marine sediment

A novel, red-pigmented and coccoid haloarchaeon, designated strain CBA1101^T, was isolated from a marine sediment. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CBA1101^T is most closely related to the genus Halococcus in the family Halobacteriaceae. Strain CBA1101^T had a highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.4 % with Halococcus dombrowskii DSM 14522^T, followed by 93.7–98.3 % with sequences of other type strains in the genus Halococcus. The RNA polymerase subunit B′ gene sequence similarity of strain CBA1101^T with that of Halococcus qingdaonensis JCM 13587^T is 89.5 % and lower with those of other members of the genus Halococcus. Strain CBA1101^T was observed to grow at 25–40 °C, pH 6.0–9.0 and in the presence of 15–30 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 35–40 °C, pH 7.0 and with 20 % NaCl. The cells of strain CBA1101^T are Gram-negative and did not lyse in distilled water. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylglyerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, sulfated diglycosyl diether, unidentified phospholipids and unidentified glycolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined 66.0 mol%. The DNA–DNA hybridization experiment showed that there was less than 40 % relatedness between strain CBA1101^T and the reference species in the genus Halococcus. Based on this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strain CBA1101^T is considered to represent a new species in the genus Halococcus, for which the name Halococcus sediminicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBA1101^T (=JCM 18965^T = CECT 8275^T).     

Flavobacterium aquaticum sp. nov., a member of the Bacteroidetes isolated from a freshwater reservoir

A novel bacterial strain, designated ARSA-111^T, was isolated from a freshwater reservoir in Cheonan, Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that the isolate belonged to the genus Flavobacterium of phylum Bacteroidetes. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain ARSA-111^T showed a high degree of sequence similarity to those of Flavobacteium cheonanense KACC 14972^T (97.3%), F. aquatile JCM 20475^T (97.1%), and other type strains of the genus Flavobacterium (< 97.0%). The phylogenetic tree and network analysis (i.e. median-joining) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ARSA-111^T is most closely related to F. aquatile JCM 20475^T. DNA-DNA hybridization experiment revealed 70% of genomic relatedness among strain ARSA-111^T, F. aquatile JCM 20475^T and F. cheonanense KACC 14972^T. The isolate had iso-C_15:1, iso-C_15:0, and iso-C_15:0 3-OH as predominant cellular fatty acids and MK-6 as a predominant menaquinone. The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 35.6 mol%. On the basis of these data, strain ARSA-111^T is considered to be a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium aquaticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain ARSA-111^T (=KACC 14973^T =KCTC 23185^T = JCM 17070^T).     

Actinopolyspora dayingensis sp. nov., a novel halophilic actinomycete isolated from a hypersaline lake

A novel halophilic, filamentous actinomycete, designated TRM 4064^T, was isolated from a hypersaline habitat in Sichuan Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on an almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain TRM 4064^T showed that it was most closely related to Actinopolyspora mortivallis (99.1 % sequence similarity). The sequence similarities between strain TRM 4064^T and other Actinopolyspora species with validly-published names were <97.0 %. However, it had relatively low mean values for DNA–DNA relatedness with the A. mortivallis DSM 44261^T (23.2 %). Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 13 % (w/v) NaCl. The whole-cell sugar pattern consists of xylose, glucose, ribose and arabinose. The predominant menaquinones are MK-10(H₄) (38.2 %), MK-9(H₄) (25.1 %), MK-9(H₂) (28.6 %) and MK-8(H₄) (7.3 %). The major fatty acids are anteiso-C_17:0 (36.9 %) and iso-C_17:0 (19.3 %). The diagnostic phospholipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and two unknown phospholipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the type strain is 66.3 mol%. Strain TRM 4064^T therefore represents a novel species of the genus Actinopolyspora, for which the name Actinopolyspora dayingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TRM 4064^T (= KCTC 19979^T = CCTCC AA 2010010^T).     

Flavobacterium ahnfeltiae sp. nov., a new marine polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from a Pacific red alga

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 10Alg 130^T, that displayed the ability to destroy polysaccharides of red and brown algae, was isolated from the red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the novel strain within the genus Flavobacterium, the type genus of the family Flavobacteriaceae, the phylum Bacteroidetes, with sequence similarities of 96.2 and 95.7 % to Flavobacterium jumunjiense KCTC 23618^T and Flavobacterium ponti CCUG 58402^T, and 95.3–92.5 % to other recognized Flavobacterium species. The prevalent fatty acids of strain 10Alg 130^T were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0 3-OH, iso-C_17:0 3-OH, C_15:0 and iso-C_17:1ω9c. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids and three unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 34.3 mol%. The new isolate and the type strains of recognized species of the genus Flavobacterium could strongly be distinguished by a number of phenotypic characteristics. A combination of the genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the algal isolate represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium ahnfeltiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 10Alg 130^T (=KCTC 32467^T = KMM 6686^T).     

Tenacibaculum caenipelagi sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from tidal flat sediment

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-flagellated, gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated HJ-26M^T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment in the Korean peninsula. It grew optimally at 25–30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain fell within the clade comprising Tenacibaculum species, clustering coherently with the type strains of Tenacibaculum lutimaris and Tenacibaculum aestuarii. Strain HJ-26M^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.4 and 98.2 % to T. lutimaris TF-26^T and T. aestuarii SMK-4^T, respectively, and of 94.9–97.4 % to the type strains of the other Tenacibaculum species. Strain HJ-26M^T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:0 and iso-C_17:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strain HJ-26M^T was 34.5 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of T. lutimaris and T. aestuarii were 19 and 23 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain HJ-26M^T is separate from other Tenacibaculum species. On the basis of the data presented, strain HJ-26M^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculum caenipelagi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HJ-26M^T (= KCTC 32323^T = CECT 8283^T).     

Paenibacillus taohuashanense sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from rhizosphere soil of the root of Caragana kansuensis Pojark

A nitrogen-fixing bacterium, designated strain gs65^T, was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Caragana kansuensis Pojark. Phylogenetic analysis based on a fragment of the nifH gene and the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain gs65^T is a member of the genus Paenibacillus. High levels of 16S rRNA gene similarity were found between strain gs65^T and Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188^T (97.5 %), Paenibacillus odorifer ATCC BAA-93^T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus durus DSM 1735^T (97.0 %) and Paenibacillus sophorae DSM23020^T (96.9 %). Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain gs65^T and the type strains of other recognized members of the genus Paenibacillus were below 97.0 %. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain gs65^T and P. borealis DSM 13188^T, P. odorifer ATCC BAA-93^T (97.3 %), P. durus DSM 1735^T and P. sophorae DSM23020^T were 35.9, 38.0, 34.2 and 35.5 % respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain gs65^T was determined to be 51.6 mol%. The major fatty acids were found to be iso-C_14:0, anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_16:0. On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and levels of DNA–DNA hybridization, strain gs65^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus taohuashanense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is gs65^T (=CGMCC 1.12175^T = DSM 25809^T).     

Paracoccus pacificus sp. nov., isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean

A Gram-stain negative, short rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated F14^T, was isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism supported that it belongs to the genus Paracoccus. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity between strain F14^T and other type strains of recognized members of the genus Paracoccus were 93.6–96.5 %. Growth of strain F14^T was observed at 4–40 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C), pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 0–7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1–2 %). The major cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω6c and/or C_18:1 ω7c). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipid pattern indicated the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and three unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was 61.4 mol%. On the basis of polyphasic characterization, strain F14^T represents a novel species, for which the name Paracoccus pacificus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F14^T (=CGMCC 1.12755^T=LMG 28106^T=MCCC 1A09947^T).     

Actinopolyspora saharensis sp. nov., a novel halophilic actinomycete isolated from a Saharan soil of Algeria

A novel halophilic actinomycete, strain H32^T, was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected in El-Oued province, south Algeria. The isolate was characterized by means of polyphasic taxonomy. Optimal growth was determined to occur at 28–32 °C, pH 6.0–7.0 and in the presence of 15–25 % (w/v) NaCl. The strain was observed to produce abundant aerial mycelium, which formed long chains of rod-shaped spores at maturity, and fragmented substrate mycelium. The cell wall was determined to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and the characteristic whole-cell sugars were arabinose and galactose. The predominant menaquinones were found to be MK-10(H₄) and MK-9(H₄). The predominant cellular fatty acids were determined to be anteiso C_17:0, iso-C_15:0 and iso-C_16:0. The diagnostic phospholipid detected was phosphatidylcholine. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that this strain formed a distinct phyletic line within the radiation of the genus Actinopolyspora. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain H32^T was most closely related to ‘Actinopolyspora algeriensis’ DSM 45476^T (98.8 %) and Actinopolyspora halophila DSM 43834^T (98.5 %). Furthermore, the result of DNA–DNA hybridization between strain H32^T and the type strains ‘A. algeriensis’ DSM 45476^T, A. halophila DSM 43834^T and Actinopolyspora mortivallis DSM 44261^T demonstrated that this isolate represents a different genomic species in the genus Actinopolyspora. Moreover, the physiological and biochemical data allowed the differentiation of strain H32^T from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Therefore, it is proposed that strain H32^T represents a novel species of the genus Actinopolyspora, for which the name Actinopolyspora saharensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H32^T (=DSM 45459^T=CCUG 62966^T).     

Loktanella soesokkakensis sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the North Pacific Ocean and a freshwater spring

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated DSSK1-5^T, was isolated from the junction between the North Pacific Ocean and a freshwater spring at Jeju island, South Korea. Strain DSSK1-5^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DSSK1-5^T fell within the clade comprising Loktanella species, clustering consistently with the type strains of Loktanella hongkongensis and Loktanella cinnabarina, with which it exhibited 98.9 and 98.4 % sequence similarity values, respectively. Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other recognized Loktanella species were 94.0–96.2 %. Strain DSSK1-5^T was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain DSSK1-5^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain DSSK1-5^T was determined to be 67.6 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with L. hongkongensis JCM 12479^T and L. cinnabarina JCM 18161^T were 19 and 23 %, respectively. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DSSK1-5^T is separated from other Loktanella species. On the basis of the data presented, strain DSSK1-5^T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Loktanella, for which the name Loktanella soesokkakensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DSSK1-5^T (= KCTC 32425^T = CECT 8367^T).