共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 595 毫秒
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辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)是一种破坏性极强的蔬菜作物病原菌,会使植物患疫病,已对农业生产造成巨大的经济损失。微生物次级代谢产物可通过破坏细胞膜通透性、干扰蛋白质合成以及诱导植物产生抗性等机制来抑制辣椒疫霉,在防治辣椒疫霉和其他植物病原菌中发挥着重要作用。微生物源次级代谢产物如吩嗪-1-羧酸是我国自主创制的绿色杀菌剂申嗪霉素(shenqinmycin)的主要成分,对包括辣椒疫病在内的多种植物病害有良好的防治效果。因此,微生物次级代谢产物的应用是生物防治中控制植物病害的有效手段,也是实现农业绿色发展的有效策略。本文以微生物类型(细菌、放线菌和真菌)为主线,简要综述了近二十年来94种具有抗辣椒疫霉活性的微生物次级代谢产物的来源、抗菌效果和部分次级代谢产物的抗菌机理,以期为微生物源次级代谢产物抗辣椒疫霉的研究与开发提供参考。 相似文献
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贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)是生防芽孢杆菌中的重要代表,作为微生物农药的核心菌种,已被广泛应用于作物病害生物防治。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌具有植物内生性,其生防作用机制主要包括产生次级代谢产物对抗植物病原物;改善宿主植物根际微生物群落,促进宿主营养和生长;激发宿主植物产生防御反应,诱导植物获得系统抗性。其中,产生次级代谢产物是其最重要的生防作用机制。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌含有多个编码生物合成次级代谢产物的基因簇,其中包括编码聚酮化合物合酶(PKS)和非核糖体肽合成酶(NRPS)的基因簇,同时存在核糖体途径合成次级代谢产物基因簇。通过非核糖体途径可产生脂肽类化合物、聚酮类化合物、二肽和铁载体;通过核糖体途径产生小菌素、细菌素、羊毛硫抗生素。这些具有生物活性的次级代谢产物成为了天然新药和候选抗生素的储存库,对于解析生防菌作用机制具有重要意义。本文综述了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的命名与更迭,产生次级代谢产物的类型、合成与调控基因以及靶标病原菌,以期为生防菌株的改良和生物农药的研发提供参考。 相似文献
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涠洲岛火山口生态环境特殊,蕴藏着丰富且独具特色的微生物资源。关于涠洲岛火山口海洋真菌来源的次级代谢产物鲜有报道。本研究采用两种培养基从涠洲岛火山口海洋植物中分离真菌,对菌株的代谢产物进行分离纯化,并通过波谱等方法鉴定化合物结构。从4种涠洲岛火山口附近的海洋植物样本中分离真菌共31株,从菌株青霉菌Penicillium sp. TX-M1-3和Penicillium sp. LW-2-1的发酵物中纯化获得2个主要次级代谢产物,并鉴定为核丛青霉素和弯孢霉菌素。活性评价表明核丛青霉素对NPC1L1蛋白具有一定的抑制作用,暗示其在治疗心血管疾病方面的潜力。本结果拓展了涠洲岛火山口微生物资源及其次生代谢产物方面的研究,为该地区微生物与其次生代谢产物的研究提供了相关基础。 相似文献
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白藜芦醇合成酶基因在基因工程中的应用及功能研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
白藜芦醇合成酶(Resveratrol synthase,RS)是白藜芦醇(Resveratrol,Res)合成途径中的关键酶。以往研究报道,RS基因已在多种植物和微生物中进行了转化和表达,并在植物的代谢及调控等方面发挥生物学作用。文中主要围绕RS基因对植物的转化,及异源表达后植物体内代谢产物的变化,转RS基因对植物抗病原菌活性、抗自由基活性和生长发育的影响,以及利用RS基因在微生物中生产Res的相关进展进行了综述。并对RS基因在生物工程方面的应用前景进行展望。 相似文献
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众所周知,固着生长的植物经常受到环境中各种生物和非生物胁迫的威胁。所以在漫长的进化过程中,植物必须将多样的环境信号整合到其发育过程中,以实现适应性形态的发生和代谢途径的精确调控,最终使植物完成整个生长周期。研究显示,苯丙烷代谢作为植物重要的次级代谢途径之一,其代谢产物,例如木质素、孢粉素、花青素和有机酸等,在调控植物适应性生长的过程中发挥着重要功能。特别是在药用植物中,苯丙烷代谢还与众多药用活性成分的合成息息相关,几乎所有包含苯丙烷骨架的天然药效成分均由苯丙烷代谢途径直接或间接合成,例如黄酮类、萜类和酚类等。此外,经苯丙烷代谢途径产生的一些次级代谢产物还能由植物根系外泌到周际土壤中,通过改变根系微生物的菌群生态,而影响植物生长和抵抗生物或非生物胁迫的能力。同时,苯丙烷代谢介导的这种植物-微生物互作也与药用植物的道地品质密不可分。本文综述了近年来植物苯丙烷代谢途径的最新研究进展,重点对该代谢途径中代谢产物的生理功能及表达调控机制进行了介绍,以期更深入地理解药用植物苯丙烷代谢与药材性状之间的潜在关系,旨在指导优良中草药的遗传育种,以进一步促进我国中医药事业的蓬勃发展。 相似文献
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真菌诱导子对植物次生代谢物的影响及应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,真菌诱导子在诱导植物次生代谢物生产上已成为一大热点。概述真菌诱导子调节植物次生代谢物的作用机理、影响次生代谢物生产的因素及其在次生代谢物生产上的应用。 相似文献
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E.B. Lillehoj 《Journal of theoretical biology》1982,97(2):325-332
This presentation develops a theory of the evolutionary origin and ecological implications of toxic microbial secondary metabolites. The theory is based on a model system that outlines cause—effect associations between pertinent biotypes in the aflatoxin contamination of developing maize kernels. The model suggests that the aflatoxin-producing fungi are natural digestive tract inhabitants of a number of insect species that feed on developing kernels. During feeding, the insect larvae introduce fungal propagules and provide infection sites on damaged kernels. The fungal association with insects exhibits extraordinary variability, ranging from symbiotic to pathogenic. Elaboration of aflatoxin by the fungus facilitates the pathogenic process in host insects. The theory contends that genetic information for secondary microbial metabolites evolved during ecosystem disequilibria. During periods of ecological stability, mechanisms evolved for repression of toxic secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The theory broadly suggests that contemporary agricultural activities presents the requisite milieu for production or toxic microbial secondary metabolites. 相似文献
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Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signal molecule in stress responses. Accumulation of secondary metabolites often occurs
in plants subjected to stresses including various elicitors or signal molecules. NO has been reported to play important roles
in elicitor-induced secondary metabolite production in tissue and cell cultures of medicinal plants. Better understanding
of NO role in the biosynthesis of such metabolites is very important for optimizing the commercial production of those pharmaceutically
significant secondary metabolites. This paper summarizes progress made on several aspects of NO signal leading to the production
of plant secondary metabolites, including various abiotic and biotic elicitors that induce NO production, elicitor-triggered
NO generation cascades, the impact of NO on growth development and programmed cell death in medicinal plants, and NO-mediated
regulation of the biosynthetic pathways of such metabolites. Cross-talks among NO signaling and reactive oxygen species, salicylic
acid, and jasmonic acid are discussed. Some perspectives on the application of NO donors for induction of the secondary metabolite
accumulation in plant cultures are also presented. 相似文献
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在目前已知的具有生物活性的微生物次级代谢物中约有50%是由丝状真菌产生的,其中包括人们所熟知的青霉素、环孢菌素A以及洛伐他汀等。鉴于丝状真菌次级代谢物在农业、医药和工业上的重要价值,它们的生物合成及其分子调控一直备受关注。丝状真菌次级代谢物的生物合成是一个复杂的过程,一般涉及多步酶学反应,该过程往往受到不同水平的调控。深入了解丝状真菌次级代谢的分子调控机制,可以为其产量的提高、新骨架化合物的发掘以及隐性次级代谢物的激活奠定重要的理论基础。本文以丝状真菌次级代谢分子调控为主线,重点介绍近40年来我国科研工作者在该领域取得的研究进展,并对这一领域未来的发展进行展望。 相似文献
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Several microbial secondary metabolites function as essential chemical signals for induction of cellular differentiation in the producing organisms. The role of A-factor and its analogues such as essential autoregulators in actinomycetes is discussed and a review is given of fungal metabolites with hormonal activities. Divergent secondary metabolites with the capability to induce cellular differentiation in other organisms are also discussed as to their possible involvement in a symbiotic relationship in the ecosystem. 相似文献
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刺激剂(elicitor)在植物细胞培养中被用来作为提高次生代谢物产量的手段。文中概括介绍了微生物、寡聚糖、蛋白质、第二信使及其他物质作为刺激剂在植物细胞培养中的应用及其研究成果。 相似文献
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诱导子促进植物次生代谢产物生产的研究进展 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
本文简要介绍了诱导子的分类和应用概况,讨论了诱导子的筛选、作用机制、作用效果等研究热点问题,同时简要介绍了诱导子之间的互作关系以及诱导子对植物生理生化反应的影响。 相似文献
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Fiorito Serena Collevecchio Chiara Epifano Francesco Genovese Salvatore Palumbo Lucia 《Phytochemistry Reviews》2023,22(1):73-84
Phytochemistry Reviews - Oxyprenylated secondary metabolites of plant, fungal, and microbial origin have emerged as biologically active natural compounds with a great potential for the next future.... 相似文献
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Fungi are used in many industrial processes, such as the production of enzymes, vitamins, polysaccharides, polyhydric alcohols, pigments, lipids, and glycolipids. Some of these products are produced commercially while others are potentially valuable in biotechnology. Fungal secondary metabolites are extremely important to our health and nutrition and have tremendous economic impact. In addition to the multiple reaction sequences of fermentations, fungi are extremely useful in carrying out biotransformation processes. These are becoming essential to the fine-chemical industry in the production of single-isomer intermediates. Recombinant DNA technology, which includes yeasts and other fungi as hosts, has markedly increased markets for microbial enzymes. Molecular manipulations have been added to mutational techniques as a means of increasing titers and yields of microbial processes and in the discovery of new drugs. Today, fungal biology is a major participant in global industry. Moreover, the best is yet to come as genomes of additional species are sequenced at some level (cDNA, complete genomes, expressed sequence tags) and gene and protein arrays become available. 相似文献