丁香假单胞菌冰核基因inaQ变速箱启动子结构与活性分析

序列比对与结构预测显示丁香假单胞菌(Pseudomonas syringae)野生型菌株MB03的冰核基因inaQ启动子为一种在细菌中罕见的变速箱型启动子。通过克隆长度为522bp的inaQ基因启动子区(P522)并与绿色荧光蛋白基因gfp构建融合基因P522gfp后,在恶臭假单胞菌AB92019菌株中进行表达分析。结果表明,包含结构模块A-Box和B-Box的P522在该菌株中具有启动子活性,且在寡营养条件和较低温度下具有更高的活性,是一种可调控启动子。     

以绿色荧光蛋白为报告基因的原核启动子检测体系构建

以质粒pMUTIN-GFP 扩增获得的目的gfp 基因为报告基因,将其克隆到大肠杆菌-枯草芽孢杆菌穿梭载体pBE2,构建成一个具有启动子活性检测功能的重组质粒pBE2-GFP .将组成型启动子P43和诱导型启动子Pspac克隆入pBE2-GFP ,得到重组表达载体pBE-GFP-P43和pBE-GFP-Pspac,转化至大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌.荧光显微镜检测GFP 蛋白的表达情况.结果 表明,2种不同类型的启动子均能在大肠杆菌BL21和枯草芽孢杆菌1A751中启动gfp 基因的表达.     

香菇印gpd-Le和ras-Le启动子的功能分析

利用从香菇菌丝体中克隆的启动子片段gpd-Le(613bp)和ras-Le(715bp)分别连接于报告基因gfp(绿色荧光蛋白基因)的上游,构建了启动子功能活性检测表达质粒pLg-gfp和pLr-gfp。采用PEG介导法把表达质粒pLg-gfp和pLr-gfp分别与辅助质粒pCc1001(含有trp1基因)共转化进色氨酸营养缺陷型的灰盖鬼伞粉孢子的原生质体中。经过选择培养基筛选、假定转化子的分子鉴定以及GFP荧光检测。结果表明:香菇gpd-Le启动子在灰盖鬼伞的菌丝中具有较强驱动外源gfp基因表达的活性,在荧光显微镜和共聚焦显微镜下观察到gfp基因表达的绿色荧光。而香菇ras-Le启动子没有检测到有驱动外源gfp基因表达的活性。     

以绿荧光蛋白基因为报告基因的广宿主启动子探针载体的构建和应用

将以绿荧光蛋白基因(gfp)的 cDNA为模板,用人工合成引物经PCR扩增获得的09kbDNA片段克隆到表达载体pET11C上构建成gfp表达载体pHN115。从pHN115上切下的不含启动子,但保留了SD序列的gfp基因经克隆载体SK(+)和pIJ2925亚克隆后再克隆到广谱稳定性质粒pTR102上构建成广谱、稳定、可视的启动子探针载体pHN127。并用它从费氏中华根瘤菌HN01的总DNA中成功地钓出组成型和诱导型表达的启动子。     

香蕉内生克雷伯氏菌KKWB-5强启动子片段的分离及鉴定

目的:旨在获得香蕉内生克雷伯氏菌KKWB-5的强启动子片段,以应用于香蕉内生工程菌的构建。方法: 利用以kan^r基因为报告基因的启动子探针载体pUCK在大肠杆菌Top10中克隆KKWB-5基因组DNA 的启动子片段;将筛选到的高抗Kan的质粒导入KKWB-5,分别于LB和香蕉杆浸汁培养基(BSM)平板上检测它们的抗Kan水平;选择在BSM上抗Kan水平最高的片段15,检测该片段的基因间隔区15P的启动子活性,最后以gfp为报告基因来验证片段15P的启动子活性。结果:有7个抗Kan 水平在2500μg/ml以上的Top10转化子;这7个质粒在导入KKWB-5后,它们在LB平板上的抗Kan 水平有不同程度的增加,但在BSM培养基上则大为减弱;片段15P具有启动kan^r 基因的活性,且与原片段15的抗Kan 水平相同;重组质粒pUCK-6-15Pgfp,以Top10和KKWB-5为宿主菌,在LB培养基上培养时,在荧光显微镜下均能发出绿色荧光;以KKWB-5为宿主菌,在BSM培养基上培养时,在荧光显微镜下也能发出绿色荧光。 结论:片段15不仅在Top10中具有较强的启动子活性,而且在其供体菌KKWB-5中具有更强的启动子活性,其基因间隔区15P为主要的启动子区域,在BSM培养基上也具有较好的启动子活性,该启动子片段15P可以应用于KKWB-5内生工程菌的构建。     

Corynebacterium glutamicum组成型启动子及核糖体结合位点的研究

谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum,C.glutamicum)是一种广泛用于工业生产的生物安全性菌株。本研究旨在丰富组成型启动子表达元件库,从C.glutamicum ATCC 13032中克隆了5种基因启动子,分别为锰超氧化物歧化酶基因启动子(psod)、延伸因子基因启动子(ptuf)、三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因启动子(pgap)、苹果酸合成酶基因启动子(pms)和二氢吡啶二羧酸合酶基因启动子(pa16)。通过构建工具质粒,以绿色荧光蛋白基因(gfp)为报告基因,研究了这5种基因启动子的启动活性。结果表明5种基因启动子的启动活性由高到低依次为pa16、psod、pms、ptuf和pgap,荧光强度分别为465 RFU/OD_(600)、420 RFU/OD_(600)、305 RFU/OD_(600)、200 RFU/OD_(600)和175 RFU/OD_(600)。此外,基于已构建的载体pa16gfp-p XMJ19,以卡那霉素为报告基因,构建了包含两个核糖体结合位点序列(CGAAAGGATTTTTTACCC及CAGGAGGACATACA)的psod和ptuf的验证质粒,为构建不同C.glutamicum工程菌提供了可选择性调控元件。     

蛹虫草hat启动子的克隆及功能分析

从蛹虫草中克隆出1个组蛋白乙酰转移酶(Histone acetyltransferase)基因的hat启动子,长度为1 509 bp,并对该启动子的序列进行详细分析。依据作用元件预测结果显示,hat启动子含有CAAT-box和TATA-box等典型的顺式作用元件,以及参与光响应的顺式作用元件G-box,参与水杨酸响应的顺式作用元件SARE等。将hat启动子连接于报告基因绿色荧光蛋白基因gfp (Green fluorescence gene)的上游,与gfp融合基因表达构建来鉴定启动子的活性。经过农杆菌转化,得到的疑似转化子进行PCR验证、gfp表达水平分析及荧光检测,结果表明：该启动子在蛹虫草菌丝中有较强的驱动GFP表达的能力,在荧光显微镜下可以观察到转化子具有强烈的绿色荧光。开展此研究为食用菌菌种改造提供启动子元件及建立高效的蛹虫草异源基因表达体系奠定基础。     

利用荧光蛋白研究产甘油假丝酵母胞浆3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶基因CgGPD启动子

[目的]克隆产甘油假丝酵母(Candida glycerinogenes)胞浆3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶基因CgGPD的启动子(PCggpd),并通过报告基因gfp的差异表达来研究葡萄糖浓度对PCggpd在酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)中的诱导特性.[方法]采用PCR扩增的方法分别从产甘油假丝酵母基因组和pCAMBIA1302载体中克隆出CgGPD的启动序列PCggpd和绿色荧光蛋白基因gfp.将两个基因同时构建到酿酒酵母表达载体pYX212-zeocin中,构建时将绿色荧光蛋白基因gfp置于CgGPD的启动序列下游,获得重组质粒pYX212-zeocin-PCggpd-gfp.通过电击转化酿酒酵母W303-lA.将重组酿酒酵母S.cerevisiae W303-1A-GFP置于不同葡萄糖浓度培养基中进行培养,利用荧光显微技术对其进行荧光检测.[结果]重组酿酒酵母能产生稳定的荧光,当葡萄糖浓度为2%时,重组酿酒酵母在YEPD培养基中产生较弱的荧光,随着葡萄糖浓度的升高,荧光强度有明显的增强.[结论]PCggpd属于环境胁迫诱导型启动子,高浓度的葡萄糖能诱导PCggpd启动绿色荧光蛋白的高水平表达,这对完善产甘油假丝酵母的遗传背景研究,阐明其高产甘油的机理具有重要意义.     

灰树花gpd-Gf启动子的功能分析

利用从灰树花菌丝体中克隆的gpd-Gf（615bp）启动子片段串联于报告基因gfp上游,构建启动子功能活性检测表达质粒pGg-gfp。采用PEG介导法把表达质粒pGg-gfp与辅助质粒pCc1001（含有trp1基因）共转化进色氨酸营养缺陷型的灰盖鬼伞粉孢子的原生质体中。经过选择培养基筛选、假定转化子的分子鉴定以及GFP荧光检测, 结果表明：灰树花gpd-Gf启动子在灰盖鬼伞菌丝中具有较强驱动gfp基因表达的活性,在荧光显微镜和共聚焦显微镜下可以观察到转化子菌丝发出的强烈荧光。     

螺旋藻耐盐相关基因启动子区功能分析

文章利用绿色荧光蛋白基因作为报告基因,研究2个螺旋藻耐盐相关基因启动子区域的功能。通过启动子预测软件预测螺旋藻耐盐相关基因5′端非翻译区的启动子结构,用Primer3.0程序在线设计引物,以pMD18-T载体和pUC18载体克隆螺旋藻启动子序列、gfp和卡那霉素抗性基因,将螺旋藻启动子-GFP基因-卡那霉素抗性基因(pro-gfp-kanr)三联DNA片段克隆至pKW1188载体,并将该重组质粒pKW1188::pro::gfp::kanr转化至受体菌集胞藻6803,激光共聚焦显微镜观察不同盐浓度培养条件下、不同时间段集胞藻表达GFP的情况。结果显示,通过不同盐浓度和不同时间的诱导,2个螺旋藻启动子在0.4~0.6 mol/L NaCl条件下,培养6~8 h表达的绿色荧光蛋白最多。文章成功构建了以绿色荧光蛋白为报告基因、卡那霉素抗性基因为选择标记、集胞藻6803作为外源基因表达受体,进行螺旋藻耐盐相关基因功能研究的平台;另外,从螺旋藻启动子能被盐诱导大量表达GFP的结果看,与启动子相关的螺旋藻基因很可能与螺旋藻的耐盐性相关。     

GFP用于单核细胞增生李斯特菌PrfA调控毒力基因actA转录表达的研究

PrfA是单核细胞增生李斯特菌(LM)中迄今为止发现的惟一个调控绝大多数毒力基因转录表达的蛋白因子.为了研究PrfA转录调控毒力基因表达的分子机制,将无启动子的绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因与毒力基因actA的启动子融合,连接到穿梭载体pLSV16质粒上,构建成表达融合载体pLSV16-PactA-gfp,然后将其电转化入LM野生株P14、PrfA高表达突变株P14a和prfA基因等位缺失突变株A42中表达.利用荧光显微镜和荧光酶标仪检测上述3株细菌中绿色荧光蛋白的不同表达强度,从而评价actA基因依赖于PrfA的转录活性强弱.结果显示,绿色荧光蛋白在P14a中发出的荧光强度最高,P14次之,A42最弱,两两比较均有显著差异(P＜0.01),表明毒力基因actA的转录水平高低与PrfA的活性成正相关,其转录表达依赖于PrfA的调控;该试验同时也显示GFP能方便、有效地用于研究PrfA调控LM不同毒力基因的转录表达水平.     

Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of spinach chloroplast

Picosecond fluorescent kinetics and time-resolved spectra of spinach chloroplast were measured at room temperature and low temperatures. The measurement is conducted with 530 nm excitation at an average intensity of 2 · 10¹⁴ photons/cm², pulse and at a pulse separation of 6 ns for the 100 pulses used. The 685 nm fluorescent kinetics was found to decay with two components, a fast component with a 56 ps lifetime, and a slow component with a 220 ps lifetime. The 730 nm fluorescent kinetics at room temperature is a single exponential decay with a 100 ps lifetime. The 730 nm fluorescence lifetime was found to increase by a factor of 6 when the temperature was lowered from room temperature to 90 K, while the 685 and 695 nm fluorescent kinetics were unchanged. The time-resolved spectra data obtained within 10 ps after excitation is consistent with the kinetic data reported here. A two-level fluorescence scheme is proposed to explain the kinetics. The effect of excitation with high light intensity and multiple pulses is discussed.     

Cryptofluorescent analogs of cobalamin coenzymes: synthesis and characterization.

Upper-axial (beta-position) ligand analogs of the B12 coenzymes 5'-deoxy-5'-adenosylcob(III)alamin and methylcob(III)alamin have been synthesized by reaction of the 5'-chloro-5'-deoxy derivatives of fluorescent nucleosides (1,N6-ethenoadenosine, formycin, 2-amino-nebularine, and 2,6-diaminonebularine) and a fluorescent alkyl halide (dansylamidopropyl chloride) with cob(I)alamin. These analogs were nonfluorescent, but fluorescent products could be generated by photolysis or cyanolysis of the carbon-cobalt bonds. Under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, the major fluorescent photolysis products of 1,N6-ethenoadenosylcob(III)alamin were 1,N6-etheno-5',8-cyclic-5'-deoxyadenosine, and the 5'-aldehyde of 1,N6-ethenoadenosine, respectively. The cryptofluorescent property of these analogs was utilized to follow the kinetics of aerobic photolysis. First-order rate constants determined by this method were comparable to those obtained spectrophotometrically [via appearance of of aquacob(III)alamin]. Pseudo-first-order rate constants determined fluorometrically for the cyanolysis (at 25 degrees C) of 1,N6-ethenoadenosylcob(III)alamin, 2,6-diaminonebularinylcob(III)alamin, 2-aminonebularinylcob(III)alamin and formycinylcob(III)alamin were 5.8 X 10(-2), 2 X 10(-2), 1.8 X 10(-2), and 3 X 10(-5) min-1, respectively; values in good agreement were obtained spectrophotometrically (via appearance of dicyanocobalamin). Dansylamidopropylcob(III)alamin was stable in the presence of cyanide. The nucleoside alpha-ribazole is fluorescent in the free state but nonfluorescent when present as the lower axial (alpha-position) ligand in cobalamin coenzymes. Thus fluorescence of ligands in both the alpha- and beta-positions of cobalamins is quenched, probably as a result of intramolecular energy transfer between the ligands and the nonfluorescent corrinoid.     

Estimation of the degradation of endocytosed material by flow cytofluorometry using two neoglycoproteins containing different numbers of fluorescein molecules

The fluorescence properties of fluorescein bound to protein are used to quantitate by flow cytofluorometry the degradation of fluorescein-labeled alpha-glucosylated serum albumin (fluorescein-labeled neoglycoprotein) after endocytosis by the membrane lectin of Lewis lung carcinoma cells (3LL cells). The quantum yield of fluorescein bound to a protein decreases when the number of fluorescein residues per protein molecule increases; however, after proteolytic digestion the mean fluorescence intensity of a fluorescein molecule is constant and equal to that of free fluorescein. The extent of the degradation of the endocytosed neoglycoprotein was determined with a flow cytofluorometer by using two neoglycoproteins containing either a small or a large number of fluorescein residues per neoglycoprotein molecule. At 4 degrees C, 3LL cells bind 750,000 molecules of fluorescein-labeled alpha-glucosylated serum albumin with an apparent binding constant of 2 X 10(6) 1 X mole-1. At 37 degrees C, after 4 hr incubation 2.2 X 10(6) molecules of fluorescent alpha-glucosylated serum albumin were cell-associated, and of these at least one third were degraded.     

K14和CMV启动子驱动裸鼠体内HPV16 E6/E7基因表达的差异

人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）是一种无包膜的环状闭合双链DNA病毒,具有严格的嗜人组织的特性．为探讨不同启动子驱动HPV E6/E7癌蛋白在裸鼠体内不同组织的表达效率,构建了带有角蛋白(K14)启动子和带有巨细胞病毒（CMV）启动子的E6/E7腺病毒载体（pAd-K14-E6/E7和pAd-CMV-E6/E7）,pAd-K14-E6/E7和pAd-CMV-6/E7、以及作为对照的重组腺病毒空载体pAdtrack- K14和pAd-CMV同源重组后,分别在293细胞中包装,收集重组病毒Ad-K14-E6/E7 、Ad-CMV-E6/E7、Adtrack-K14和Ad-CMV,通过尾缘静脉注射到随机分组的裸鼠体内,并每d向裸鼠腹腔注射0.05 mg雌激素．采用RT-PCR和Western 免疫印迹检测不同实验组E6/E7 mRNA 和蛋白表达水平,免疫组化法检测P53和Bcl-2蛋白表达．结果显示,注射病毒Ad-K14-E6/E7（实验组1）裸鼠子宫体中E6/E7 mRNA、E6蛋白质、P53和Bcl-2蛋白高表达,而其它组织中低表达;注射病毒Ad-CMV-E6/E7（实验组2）裸鼠各组织E6/E7　mRNA、E6蛋白质、P53和Bcl-2蛋白均低表达．研究表明,在裸鼠体内角蛋白K14启动子可以调控E6/E7在子宫体中表达,CMV启动子未能诱导E6/E7在子宫体中表达．     

Identification and characterization of P GCW14 : a novel, strong constitutive promoter of Pichia pastoris

The available promoters in the Pichia pastoris expression platform are still limited. We selected and identified a novel strong constitutive promoter, P _GCW14 , and tested its promoter activity using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a reporter. Potential promoter regions of P _GCW14 were cloned upstream of the EGFP gene and promoter activity was analyzed by measuring fluorescence intensity. P _GCW14 exhibited significantly stronger promoter activity than the classic strong constitutive promoters P _TEF1 and P _GAP under various carbon sources, suggesting that P _GCW14 is a strong and constitutive promoter. Hence, P _GCW14 can be used as a promoter for high-level expression of heterologous proteins.     

Fluorescence labeling of a single sulfhydryl group in human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and characterization of the labeled inhibitor

A single cysteine residue present in human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was labeled with a fluorescent sulfhydryl reagent, N-iodoacetyl-N'-(5-sulfo-1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine. The resulting fluorescent inhibitor retained nearly full inhibitory activity and formed complexes with bovine chymotrypsin, porcine pancreatic elastase, and bovine trypsin as revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Association rate constants for the interactions of the labeled inhibitor with the proteinases were determined to be 1.5 (+/- 0.4) X 10(6), 3.3 (+/- 0.3) X 10(5), and 1.4 (+/- 0.3) X 10(5) M-1 X s-1 for chymotrypsin, elastase, and trypsin, respectively. These values were found to be only slightly lower than those of the unlabeled inhibitor. Fluorescence emission spectra of the labeled inhibitor in the absence and presence of each proteinase were also examined, and little difference was observed between them.