大白鼠弓状核内生长抑素mRNA分布的原位杂交组化研究

本文用原位杂交组织化学技术对大鼠下丘脑弓状核内生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ（ＳＯＭｍＲＮＡ）的分布进行研究。发现生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ主要分布于弓状核的神经元胞体及近端树突内。含ＳＯＭｍＲＮＡ的神经元可分为浓染大细胞及淡染小细胞两种类型。结果表明弓状核内某些神经元可以合成生长抑素。     

促肾上腺皮质激素对慢痛大鼠脊髓生长抑素、c-fos表达及痛反应的影响

本研究应用免疫组化、原位杂交和痛级均数测定法,探讨鞘内注射促肾上腺皮质激素（ＡＣＴＨ）对甲醛引起大鼠脊髓内生长抑素（Ｓｏｍ）、ｃｆｏｓ表达及痛反应的影响。结果表明,足底注射甲醛可使大鼠脊髓内ｃｆｏｓ样免疫反应（ＦＬＩ）、Ｓｏｍ样免疫反应（ＳｏｍＬＩ）、ＦＬＩ／ＳｏｍＬＩ及前Ｓｏｍ原ｍＲＮＡ（ＰＰＳｍＲＮＡ）神经元数目显著增多以及痛级均数（ＰＩＲ）显著升高。而鞘内注射ＡＣＴＨ可显著抑制甲醛引起的大鼠脊髓内ＦＬＩ、ＳｏｍＬＩ、ＦＬＩ／ＳｏｍＬＩ及ＰＰＳｍＲＮＡ增多和ＰＩＲ升高效应。鞘内预先注射赛庚啶可阻断ＡＣＴＨ的抑制效应,而荷包牡丹碱、纳洛酮则无影响。结果提示,５羟色胺受体可能参与ＡＣＴＨ抑制甲醛引起的痛反应。     

生长抑素mRNA与神经肽Y，催产素在大鼠前脑内的分布及其共存现象──地高辛标记c－RNA探针原位杂交与免疫组化联合法

本实验应用地高辛标记ｃＲＮＡ探针原位杂交组化和免疫组化联合法在同一切片上先后显示了生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ神经元和催产素神经元,生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ神经元和神经肽Ｙ神经元。结果表明生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ及神经肽Ｙ广泛地共存于大鼠的大脑新皮质,尾壳核,以及海马等处的神经元中。所有位于大脑新皮质,尾壳核处的神经肽Ｙ神经元均含有生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ,部分位于海马的神经肽Ｙ神经元含有生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ,而所有位于下丘脑弓状核,室周核的神经肽Ｙ神经元均不含有生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ;生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ与催产素虽然共同分布于下丘脑许多核区,但未见共存于同一神经元。本文对地高辛标记ｃＲＮＡ探针原位杂交组化以及它与免疫组化联合法的技术问题进行了讨论。     

表皮生长因子,生长抑素对人早孕胎盘hCG分泌及其因表达的影响

观察了表皮生长因子,生长抑素对体外培养的人早孕绒毛膜促性腺激素分泌及ｈＣＧβ－ｍＲＮＡ含量的影响,发现ＥＧＦ可明显刺激绒毛分泌ｈＣＧ,显著增加ｈＣＧ β－ｍＲＮＡ含量。生长抑素虽然对绒毛ｈＣＧ分泌及ｈＣＧβｍ－ＲＮＡ含量无明显影响,但可抑制ＥＧＦ,ＧｎＲＨ的ｈＣＧ分泌及ｈＣＧβ－ｍＲＮＡ。提示ＥＧＦ,ＳＳ在妊娠早期参与了ｈＣＧ分泌的调节。     

地高辛标记反意RNA探针检测脑组织切片生长抑素mRNA

本实验采用含大鼠生长抑素基因的ｐＳＰ６５ｃＤＮＡ质位通过转化至噬菌体内大量扩增,经提取,纯化后,用限制性内切酶进行酶切使质枝线性化,并将其作为模板,用地高辛（ＤｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎＤｉｇ）作为标记物,体外转录合成生长抑素反意ＲＮＡ（ｃＲＮＡ）探针。实验动物选用ｗｉｓｔａｒ新生大鼠。冰冻切片,端、间脑切片经杂交前用Ｄｉｇ－ＵＴＰ标记的ｃＲＮＡ探针杂交,杂交后用抗Ｄｉｇ－碱性磷酸酶复合物进行酶联免疫反应。Ｘ－磷酸盐－ＮＢＴ显色。结果显示新生大鼠脑内生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ神经元着紫蓝色。杂交反应物集中于核周的胞浆及短小的突起内。胞核不着色。胞体轮廓清晰,周围背底浅淡。结果表明Ｄｉｇ标记ｃＲＮＡ探针不仅具备非同位素标记探针的优点而且能快速和准确检测组织细胞内ｍＲＮＡ的表达。     

表皮生长因子，生长抑素对人早孕胎盘hCG分泌及基因表达的影响

观察了表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）,生长抑素（ＳＳ）对体外培养的人早孕绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｈＣＧ）分泌及ｈＣＧβ－ｍＲＮＡ含量的影响。发现ＥＧＦ可明显刺激绒毛分泌ｈＣＧ,显著增加ｈＣＧβ－ｍＲＮＡ含量,生长抑素虽然对绒毛ｈＣＧ分泌及ｈＣＧ　β－ｍＲＮＡ含量无明显影响,但可抑制ＥＧＦ,ＧｎＲＨ刺激的ｈＣＧ分泌及ｈＣＧβ－ｍＲＮＡ水平。提示ＥＧＦ,ＳＳ在妊娠早期参与了ｈＣＧ分泌的调节。     

青霉素诱发癫痫及耳穴电针后大鼠前脑生长抑素mRNA的变化

应用地高辛标记的生长抑素（ＳＳ）ＲＮＡ探针原位杂交法观察大鼠在青霉素诱发的癫痫及耳穴电针抑制癫痫发作后有关的脑区中ＳＳｍＲＮＡ含量的变化。结果显示,青霉素致痫后２４小时梨状皮质、额叶皮质、扣带回、隔外侧核、杏仁基底核海马ＣＡ１－ＣＡ４区和齿状回颗粒细胞层、多形层等脑区ＳＳｍＲＮＡ的表达显著增加,与正常对照组比较Ｐ＜００５。耳穴电针抑痫（８０１００ＨＺ,６ｍＡ）后额叶皮质、杏仁基底核、海马齿状回、前梨状皮质ＳＳｍＲＮＡ的表达明显减少,Ｐ＜００５。提示前脑结核中的生长抑素与青霉素致痫和耳针抑痫有关。     

氯氨酮和L-NAME抑制模拟高原低氧大鼠下丘脑NOS和生长抑素mRNA的表达

用高原低氧模型及原位杂交、ＮＡＤＰＨ－ｄ组织化学法,探讨氯氨酮和Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ对急性高原低氧大鼠下丘脑一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）和生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ（ＳＳ ｍＲＮＡ）表达的影响。结果表明,急性高原低氧引起下丘脑ＮＯＳ和ＳＳ ｍＲＮＡ过度表达,如先用ＮＭＤＡ受体拮抗剂氯氨酮和ＮＯＳ抑制剂Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ预处理,ＮＯＳ和ＳＳ ｍＲＮＡ的表达均明显被抑制。结果提示,ＮＭＤＡ受体参与了急生高原低氧引起的下丘脑ＮＯＳ和     

秋水仙素对大鼠前脑生长抑素mRNA表达的影响

本实验用地高辛标记生长抑素（ＳＯＭ）反意。ＲＮＡ探针原位杂交组织化学研究了秋水仙素对大鼠前脑ＳＯＭｍＲＮＡ表达的影响。结果表明秋水仙素对前脑各核区ＳＯＭｍＲＮＡ的表达有明显的影响。结果表明秋水仙素对前脑各核区ＳＤＭｍＲＮＡ的表达有明显的核区特异性：大脑新皮质各区,隔核和脚内核中ＳＯＭｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元数目及含量增加;海马复合体和下丘脑室周核和弓状核中ＳＯＭｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元数目及含量下降;嗅脑,尾壳核和丘脑等核区的则无明显变化、秋水仙素对ＳＯＭｍＲＮＡ表达的核区特异性对正确分析秋水仙素条件下获得的神经肽或神经递质的定位资料具有重要的指导意义。     

兴奋性氨基酸加强高原低氧大鼠下丘脑前生长抑素原mRNA的表达

目的和方法：应用大鼠高原低氧模型及原位杂交技术和氨基酸测定法,研究下丘脑前生长抑素原（ＰＰＳ）ｍＲＮＡ表达和谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）、天门冬氨酸（Ａｓｐ）含量的变化。结果：高原低氧组大鼠下丘脑Ｇｌｕ和Ａｓｐ的含量明显增多,室周核、室旁核、弓状核ＰＰＳ－ｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元数目显著增加;而ＮＭＤＡ受体拮抗抗剂氯铵酮,虽然对Ｇｌｕ和Ａｓｐ含量无明显影响,但可使高原低氧大鼠下丘脑ＰＰＳ－ｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元数目减少     

ENZYMIC ACTIVITIES IN DISSOCIATED NEURONS DIFFERENTIATED IN CULTURES IN VITRO

Abstract— The appearance of the enzymes succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase in cultures of dissociated spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia and cerebellum removed at different stages of development have been studied. The neurons differentiated in vitro have morphological and cytochemical characteristics similar to those of the normally developing neurons. On the basis of the results obtained, it is argued that in this experimental model the histogenetic determination of the neuroblasts at the time of the explant may start and bring to an end the morphological and biochemical differentiation of the various types of neurons even under conditions extremely different from those of normal development.     

被子植物多胚苗的研究进展

本文综述了被子植物多胚苗的研究进展。在被子植物中多胚苗材料的种类很多,而只有特定起源的多胚苗材料在作物杂种优势固定中才具有比较大的实用价值。关于被子植物多胚苗的发生机理目前还没形成统一的定论。单倍性、二倍性和多倍性多胚苗在作物育种上具有各自不同的意义。     

VARIATION IN DEVELOPMENTAL CONSTRAINTS IN SIGMODON

Developmental constraints can be interpreted as factors of developmental origin responsible for covariation among measured variables. Several hypotheses have been proposed to link the possession of such constraints to subsequent evolution. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we compare developmental factors across selected taxa of cotton rats, genus Sigmodon. Three factors explain well the covariation among orofacial measurements: (1) responses to body size variation, (1) coordinated growth of traits of the occluding-tooth complex, and (3) responses to musculoskeletal interactions. Sigmodon taxa share these factors, but differ in the variance-covariance matrix of factors, and the unique variances of individual traits. Patterns of covariation among measurements of the neurocranial complex reflect responses to body size variation, and perhaps also responses to fetal brain growth. While there are no significant differences across taxa in factorpattern, variance-covariance matrix of factors, or unique variance of measured neurocranial variables, the neurocranium is only weakly constrained. We doubt that even the relatively stronger developmental constraints on the orofacial complex would prevent evolutionary divergence because differences in the variances and covariances of factors, and in levels of unique variance of individual traits can provide different opportunities for selection to act in different Sigmodon taxa.