青藏高原东缘28种风毛菊属植物花粉形态研究

通过扫描电镜对青藏高原高寒草甸风毛菊属28种多年生草本植物的花粉进行了形态观察和比较,结果显示,该属植物花粉形态较为一致。花粉近球形或长球形,极面观三裂圆形,三孔沟,外壁表面具刺状突起。刺间纹饰可分为4种类型:穴状、颗粒状、网状—颗粒状和网状。花粉形态没有大的差异,但刺间表面纹饰、萌发沟的宽窄、刺的大小、分布密度和花粉大小在种间存在差异,可作为种的分类依据。花粉特征聚类分析结果表明,此28种风毛菊属植物花粉大致划分为明显的5个类群,所包含的种分别隶属于风毛菊属的四亚属:雪兔子亚属、雪莲亚属、附片亚属和风毛菊亚属。     

杜鹃花属植物花粉形态及其分类学意义

利用扫描电子显微镜对5个亚属20种杜鹃花属植物的花粉形态进行了观察和比较研究,其中大部分(16种)为首次报道。杜鹃花属花粉均为四合花粉,呈正四面体排列。四合体为圆角三角形,连接紧密。单粒花粉为球形或近球形,具三沟孔。在扫描电镜下,除了杜鹃亚属的百合杜鹃、羊踯躅亚属的羊踯躅以及马银花亚属的马银花组具有明显的纹饰特征之外,其它类群的形态特征相互重叠,不足以作为现有亚属的分类依据。花粉粒具不同的外壁纹饰,可为分类研究提供孢粉学方面的证据,但应慎重应用花粉形态对杜鹃花属植物特定种进行分类鉴定。     

蜘蛛抱蛋亚族的花粉形态

本文研究并报道了百合科蜘蛛抱蛋亚族的花粉形态,主要结论如下：1．开口箭属含两种花粉类型即：(1)单槽、椭圆形;(2)无萌发孔、球形。具单槽、椭圆形花粉的种类含单型性核型,花形较小,柱头小而花柱短,雄蕊高于柱头;无萌发孔、球形花粉的种类则为单型性核型,花形较大,柱头常高度膨大,雄蕊常着生在花被筒基部。2．万年青属花粉为椭圆形,具单槽;蜘蛛抱蛋属花粉则为球形,无萌发孔;开口箭属花粉一部分与万年青属相似,另一部分则与蜘蛛抱蛋属雷同。3．蜘蛛抱蛋亚族中最原始的花粉类型为单槽椭圆形,具孔状或网状外壁纹饰。球形,无萌发孔,外壁具皱波状、瘤状或芽孢状纹饰的花粉为派生类型。4．蜘蛛抱蛋亚族种下花粉形状、萌发孔类型和外壁纹饰基本稳定,可作为分种特征。     

山西霍山罂粟科植物花粉形态

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对山西霍山罂粟科白屈菜属白屈菜、紫堇属延胡索、角茴香属角茴香、秃疮花属秃疮花 4种的花粉形态进行了观察和比较研究 ,以上 4种花粉差异大。角茴香花粉粒近球形 ,具合沟 ;延胡索花粉粒长球形 ,表面纹饰较光滑 ;白屈菜花粉粒长球形或近球形 ;秃疮花花粉粒近球形。角茴香花粉表面纹饰为刺状纹和细网状纹的复合纹 ,白屈菜花粉表面纹饰为细网状纹和颗粒状纹的复合纹 ,秃疮花花粉表面纹饰为细颗粒状纹。延胡索、白屈菜、秃疮花花粉粒的萌发沟均为三沟 ,但沟的形态均不相同     

杜鹃花族花粉形态及其系统学意义

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对杜鹃属（Rhododendron L.）和仿杜鹃属（Menzie-sia Smith.)26种植物的花粉形态进行了观察和比较研究,其中大部分种为首次报道。杜鹃属和仿杜鹃属的花粉均为四合花粉,呈正四面体排列。四合体为圆角三角形,连接紧密。杜鹃属四合体平均直径在30.29-62.45μm之间,仿杜鹃属四合体直径为26.38-32.19μm,单粒花粉为球形或近球形,具三沟孔。在四合体上,相邻花粉粒上的沟相接,有时可见粘丝存在。杜鹃属和二鹃属花粉大小和花粉粒外壁纹饰均不同,具有明显的属间差异。在扫描电镜下,杜鹃属亚属内组（或亚组）之间花粉粒具有不同的外壁纹饰,可为分类学研究提供孢粉学方面的证据,具有重要的分类学意义。花粉分析在杜鹃属内不能作为分亚属的主要特征,但可用于某些种的分类学研究。     

山东菊科莴苣亚族植物花粉形态研究

应用光镜和扫描电镜对山东菊科莴苣亚族11属18种、1变种植物的花粉形态进行了观察研究。结果表明:莴苣亚族植物的花粉呈球形,具3~4沟孔,花粉表面具有网状纹饰,粗网眼15~21个,网脊上具1行刺,属于蒲公英(Taraxacum)型,与已报道的莴苣亚族其它属种的花粉形态相一致。通过莴苣亚族属间花粉形态的比较,认为花粉形态在属间分类上意义不大。     

12种十字花科植物花粉形态研究

采用扫描电子显微镜对十字花科8属12种植物的花粉形态特征进行了观察分析.其中8种为首次报道.观察结果表明:4族8属12种十字花科植物花粉形态的一般特征为:花粉粒长球形至超长球形;极面观三裂圆形,少数四裂圆形;外壁纹饰为网状或细网状纹饰;三沟,偶四沟.12种植物的花粉可划分为5种类型:(1)花粉粒长球形,网状纹饰,三沟;(2)花粉粒超长球形,网状纹饰,三沟;(3)花粉粒长球形,细网状纹饰,三沟;(4)花粉粒超长球形,细网状纹饰,三沟;(5)花粉粒长球形,三或四沟,网状纹饰.十字花科花粉形态特征在不同族间、不同属间以及同属不同种间均没有明显规律,在十字花科分类过程中,不宜单独以花粉形态特征作为依据.     

旌节花科与省沽油科花粉形态的研究

对旌节花科和省沽油科 4属 13种花粉进行了光镜和扫描电镜的观察 ,其中有些种是第一次观察或报道。这两个科的花粉为近球形到球形 ,3孔沟 (省沽油科银鹊树属TapisciaOliv花粉除外 ,为 3沟 )。它们的花粉大小和外壁纹饰有一定差异。旌节花科花粉相对较小 ,一般为 18～ 2 8 2× 17 5～ 2 6 5 μm ,外壁表面为穴状纹饰。省沽油科花粉较大 ,为 2 8～ 4 0× 2 8 5～4 0 5 μm (银鹊树属花粉只有 13 5～ 17 9× 12 5～ 18μm) ,外壁表面为细网状纹饰。这两个科的花粉特征在某种程度上具有一定的相似性 ,故就孢粉学而言它们具有颇为密切的关系     

土圞儿属和旋花豆属(豆科)的孢粉学研究

在扫描电子显微镜下,对豆科土儿属(Ap ios)和旋花豆属(Coch lianthus)7个种植物的花粉进行了观察.结果表明,2个属的花粉均为三孔沟,形状为三角球形或球形.土儿属的花粉可划分为2种类型:肉色土儿(A.carnea)的花粉外壁为典型的网状纹饰,其它种的花粉外壁较光滑,具颗粒状或短条纹状纹饰,研究结果不支持土儿属下亚属的划分;肉色土儿花粉外壁的网状纹饰式样可能反映了其在土儿属中处在较进化的位置.土儿属东亚分布种的花粉类型较为多样,原始和进化2种类型并存,表明东亚可能是土儿属的起源地和演化中心.旋花豆属的花粉特征和肉色土儿相似,说明两者之间的亲缘关系可能较近.     

中国淫羊藿属药用植物花粉特征及其分类学意义

淫羊藿属(Epimedium L.)植物多为常用药材,分类和药材鉴定较为困难。该文采用扫描电镜对中国产淫羊藿属31种药用植物花粉的形态、大小和表面纹饰等进行了比较观察。结果显示:(1)淫羊藿属植物花粉形态多为长球形,少数为球形,大小为(15.5~25.0)×(27.3~48.1)μm,极面观多为三裂圆形,具三孔沟。(2)花粉粒外壁表面纹饰有网状、条网状、条纹状等类型。(3)花粉粒外壁纹饰如网眼的形状、大小和网脊表面特征等在各物种间有一定差异。研究结果为淫羊藿属药材鉴定与植物分类提供了重要的参考。     

国产淫羊藿属花粉形态研究

本文用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国淫羊藿属Epimedium 14种花粉进行比较深入的研究,试图通过花粉形态的研究为该属的植物分类和原植物鉴定提供参考依据。     

Systematic importance of pollen morphological features of selected species from the genus Rosa (Rosaceae)

The aim of this study is verification of the taxonomic usefulness of the pollen grain features studied, based on pollen morphology of 32 wild species from all 4 subgenera and all 10 sections of the genus Rosa, mainly for delimitation of subgenera, sections, and species. The measurements and observations were carried out with both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Only correctly formed pollen grains (30 per specimen) were measured, and 960 pollen grains were examined in total. They were analyzed for 14 quantitative features of pollen grains and exine sculpturing and the following qualitative ones: outline, shape, and operculum structure. Our study revealed that the diagnostic features of pollen grains studied were: exine sculpture, length of polar axis, and pollen shape (P/E ratio). On the basis of the above characters, five species were isolated and the remaining ones were included in several groups isolated on the basis of exine sculpture types. The following three exine sculpture types occurred in the species studied: granular-verrucate (in R.?stellata), striate-psilate (in R.?multibracteata and R.?multiflora), and striate (the remaining species). R.?banksiae is characterized by small pollen grains, while R.?setigera has strongly elongated pollen with P/E ratio >1.5. Exine sculpture features considered to be diagnostic should be treated as auxiliary because they fail to differentiate individual species, although they can be helpful in distinguishing groups of species of similar exine sculpture. The arrangement of the species examined on a dendrogram only slightly corroborates division of the Rosa genus into subgenera and sections currently adopted in taxonomy (Rehder 1940). An interesting result was reported for the species studied from the Caninae (R.?agrestis, R.?canina, R.?dumalis, R.?jundzillii, and R.?rubiginosa) section which, despite hybrid nature, with the exception of R.?villosa, grouped in the same, most separated group of species.     

Pollen morphology of selected Central European species from subgenera Vignea and Carex (Carex,Cyperaceae) and its relation to taxonomy

This study analysed the taxonomic utility of selected features of pollen grains of 45 Central European species of subgenera Vignea and Carex of the genus Carex. Seven quantitative features were analysed: [length of polar axis (P), length of equatorial axis (E), exine thickness on the pole (Exp), exine thickness on the equator plane (Exe), P/E ratio and the relative thickness of exine (Exp/P and Exe/E ratio)] and outline, shape and exine sculpture. Among the biometrical features, the most important for Carex taxonomy (particularly at the level of subgenus) is the thickness of exine (Exp). Marked differences in the morphological structure of inflorescences at the subgenus level are reflected in the differences of pollen features. Results of our studies clearly show an explicit (and not previously described in the palynological literature) taxonomic division of the genus Carex on the basis of pollen biometrical features into two units corresponding exactly to the subgenera (Vignea and Carex). However, the features of pollen grains analysed did not contribute any essential taxonomic criteria at levels lower than subgenus (e.g. sections). An exception was for C. disticha, where it was observed that the poroid areas occurred in pairs, a new feature for sedges. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 164 , 422–439.     

Pollen morphology and phylogenetic relationships in neotropical Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae)

In order to provide new insights into phylogenetic relationships among the neotropical taxa of Phyllanthus , 28 illustrations are provided of the pollen grains of 22 selected species studied from 11 sections of the subgenera represented in the neotropics. Special attention has been given to subgenus Conami because of its variability in pollen morphology: of eight species illustrated, the apertures are diploporate colpi in three species and pores in five species; exine ornamentation is vermiculate in two species and pilate in the other six species. The six species in the neotropical sections Pityrocladus and Microglochidion (subgenus Emblica ) are characterized by prolate grains with an increased number of colpi (4–8). Of particular interest are species in which the pollen exine is clypeate (with exine shields); clypeate pollen grains are illustrated in two species of subgenus Xylophylla and in one species of section Cyclanthera that has unique exine shields with single central pila. The pollen of the one Brazilian phylloclade-bearing species illustrated (in section Choretropsis ) has 3-colporate grains with reticulate exine, typical for subgenus Phyllanthus , and very different from the clypeate grains of the West Indian phylloclade-bearing species in section Xylophylla . This pollen evidence clearly demonstrates homoplasy in the origin of phylloclades in Phyllanthus . Pollen morphological data suggest that the neotropical taxa of Phyllanthus have arisen following colonization from Africa (subgenus Kirganelia ) and Asia (subgenus Emblica ). © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 138 , 325–338.     

Pollen Morphology of Asarum in China

The present paper describes the pollen morphology of 27 species, 4 varieties and 1 form of Asarum from China. The pollen grains were all examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The apertures of pollen grains of Asarum are variable and so distinct as to allow the identification of individual subgenera and species. The exine ornamentation is compound and may be divided into two types: reticulate or cerebelloid under verrucae. The pollen grains of Subgen. Asarum and Subgen. Heterotropa are distinguishable, which supports the taxonomical subdivision based on the gross morphology. The differences in the pollen morphology between A. caulescens Maxim. and A. sieboldii Miq. in China and in Japan are discussed and some comparisons in the pollenmorphology between several species similar in the gross morphology are also made.     

Microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis and pollen morphology of Passiflora spp. (Passifloraceae)

Microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis and pollen morphology of six species of genus Passiflora L. belonging to three subgenera ( Passiflora , Dysosmia , Decaloba ) were studied with light and scanning microscopy; P. caerulea was also examined with transmission microscopy. The tapetum is secretory, microspore tetrads are tetrahedral and pollen grains are two-celled when shed. Small Ubisch bodies are attached to a peritapetal membrane; they are a product of tapetal activity and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ERr) appears to be involved in their origin. The pollen grains of all the species are subspheroidal, zonocolpate, geminicolpate. Each pair of colpi anastomoses at the poles. The exine is semitectate, reticulate, heterobrochate. The muri are simplibaculate, wavy. The lumina have clavate bacula of varying height. The colpus structure is similar to that of the lumina but generally with fewer and smaller bacula. Lumina size and amount of bacula inside the lumina vary between subgenera. The grains from subgenera Passiflora and Dysosmia differ from those of Decaloba in their size and number of colpi. The pollen and microsporangium morphology of the species of subgenera Passiflora and Dysosmia are more similar than those of subgenus Decaloba . The results are discussed in relation to the current taxonomic classification.  © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society of London , 2002, 139 , 383–394.     

The palynology of the genus Rondeletia L. (Rubiaceae-Cinchonoideae-Rondeletieae)

Pollen of 20 species of Rondeletia, covering three subgenera and seven sections or “species groups” of the genus, was studied using light and scanning microscopy. Rondeletia, characterized by binucleate mature pollen grains like numerous other Rubiaceae, was found to be eurypalynous. The pollen is isopolar and small-sized (average equatorial diameters 11.4–22.8 μm) and 3-colporate (rarely 4-colporate). In equatorial view, the pollen grains are mostly ± spheroidal (rarely suboblate); in polar view (ambitus), they are mainly circular or semiangular (intersemiangular in one species only). Three different exine types are distinguishable: exine with 1) tectum minutely perforate, perforations usually isodiametric, 2) tectum with comparatively large, not isodiametric perforations or 3) coarsely reticulate; supratectal sculpturing elements are lacking; the width of the perforations and lumina is either equal or different at the apo- and mesocolpia; in a few species rod-like luminal processes are present. Palynological features of most of the investigated taxa tend to overlap so that palynology is not very helpful in supporting the subgeneric division of Rondeletia. It was, however, noted that pollen morphology, to some extent, supports the sections of subgen. Arachnothrix. Palynologically, the subgen. Rogiera was found to be heterogeneous in that each of the three investigated species is characterized by a different exine type; one of these, R. strigosa, differs from all other Rondeletia species investigated in having a coarsely reticulate exine. R. odorata (subgen. Rondeletia) differs from all other investigated species in its intersemiangular pollen shape.     

半日花花粉形态种内变异及其花粉地理研究

用扫描电镜在个体水平上研究了产自两个地区的半日花花粉,并首次发现花粉种内变异与其地理分布之间的显著相关,半日花花粉形态在种内个体之间存在差异,以餐壁纹饰明显分为穿孔型和条纹型花粉;按形状和大小又可分为近球形较小和长球形较大花粉。外壁纹饰与形状、大小所得类型基本吻合。本种花粉,因所处地理环境的不同而外壁纹饰也有明显差异,条纹型花粉分布于新疆天山地区,而穿孔型花粉出现在内蒙古伊盟桌子山,并认为花粉外壁     

A Contribution to the Pollen Morphology of Camellia (Theaceae)

The pollen morphology and ultrastructure of 20 species of Camellia (Theaceae) representing the four subgenera were examined. The pollen is tricolporate, spherical to slightly oblate or prolate, with scabrate to rugulate exine sculpturing. The tectum is traversed by perforations that vary in diameter. Pollen wall structure is tectate-columellate, the columellae fused to a footlayer. Endexine is present in all of the taxa examined. The greatest variation was observed in pollen size.     

Taxonomic implications of pollen exine morphology in infrageneric classification of Scutellaria (Lamiaceae)

Scutellaria L. in Lamiaceae subfamily Scutellarioideae is a subcosmopolitan genus with about 360 species. According to the latest subgeneric classification, two subgenera are recognized: S. subgen. Scutellaria and S. subgen. Apeltanthus. We studied pollen grains from 29 species of Scutellaria belonging to both subgenera and from both the Old and the New World to evaluate their taxonomic importance for the infrageneric classification of the genus. Pollen grains were acetolysed and studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscope (LM). All examined pollen grains are isopolar, tricolpate, suboblate, oblate spheroidal, prolate spheroidal to subprolate. The exine is mainly bireticulate perforate, but with variations in lumina shape and size as well as perforation size and uniformity. Based on the exine sculpturing, two subtypes are recognized within the bireticulate pollen type. In subtype I the primary reticulum of the exine consists of angular muri; the lumen has an irregular polygonal shape and the perforations of the secondary reticulum are more or less uniform and of the same size. This pollen subtype was observed in species of subgenus Scutellaria, sectt. Scutellaria p.p., Anaspis, Perilomia and Salazaria. In subtype II the primary reticulum of the exine consists of a more or less curved murus; the lumen is rounded or obtusely angular and the secondary reticulum consists of one or more large central perforations surrounded by some smaller ones. This pollen subtype was observed in species of subgenus Scutellaria sectt. Scutellaria p.p., Salviifoliae and in all members of subgenus Apeltanthus. The results of this study reveal that the exine ornamentation is a diagnostic character useful for the infrageneric classification of Scutellaria.