共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Sub-Antarctic Marion Island has had a permanent research station for 50 years and the islands Wandering Albatrosses have been intensively studied for 20 years. The reactions of breeding birds to approaches by a human on foot were recorded. Three response variables were calculated: intensity of vocal reaction (IVR), intensity of non-vocal reaction (INR) and overall response index (ORI). At 5 m from the nest, twice as many birds stood and/or vocalised as at 15 m. Nearest neighbour distance, age and gender did not explain individual variability of responses. Study colony birds had higher IVR scores than non-study colony birds; birds at colonies closest to the station had the highest ORI scores. A better breeding record was associated with lower IVR and ORI scores, but a causative relationship remains to be demonstrated. A minimum viewing distance of 25 m is recommended for breeding Wandering Albatrosses.
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Marienne S. de VilliersEmail: Fax: +27-21-6503434 |
John CooperEmail: |
Peter G. RyanEmail: |
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The recent contribution by Jarmila Kukalová-Peck on Hennigian phylogenetics and hexapod limb evolution is critically evaluated.
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Michael S. Engel (Corresponding author)Email: |
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The aim of the present review was to critically evaluate the documented evidence regarding the efficacy of biofeedback for
the two most prevalent headache conditions––migraine and tension-type headache. Drawing upon two recently published meta-analyses,
data from 150 outcome studies, including randomized controlled trials as well as uncontrolled quasi-experimental designs,
were screened. Of these, 94 studies were selected for inclusion according to predefined criteria. Meta-analytic integrations
were carried out separately for the two conditions of interest. The main results were medium-to-large mean effect sizes for
biofeedback in adult migraine and tension-type headache patients. Treatment effects remained stable over an average follow-up
period of 14 months, both in completer and intention-to-treat analyses. Headache frequency was the primary outcome variable
and showed the largest improvements. Further significant effects were shown for perceived self-efficacy, symptoms of anxiety
and depression, and medication consumption. Reduced muscle tension in pain related areas was observed in electromyographic
feedback for tension-type headache. Biofeedback was more effective than waiting list and headache monitoring conditions in
all cases, while electromyographic feedback for tension-type headache showed additional significant effects over placebo and
relaxation therapies. Levels of efficacy (migraine: efficacious, level 4; tension-type headache: efficacious and specific, level 5) and recommendations for future research are provided.
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Frank AndrasikEmail: |
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Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Biology & philosophy》2007,22(3):429-437
Jablonka and Lamb's claim that evolutionary biology is undergoing a ‘revolution’ is queried. But the very concept of revolutionary
change has uncertain application to a field organized in the manner of contemporary biology. The explanatory primacy of sequence
properties is also discussed.
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Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
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Terry Harmer 《Cluster computing》2007,10(3):277-285
Gridcast is an R&D project investigating grid ideas and technologies in the broadcasting technical infrastructure. In this
paper I discuss the business and technical issues in building infrastructures to support broadcasters and outline the structure
of the Gridcast grid-based service oriented architecture for broadcasting playout support.
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Terry HarmerEmail: |
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Philip Richard Sullivan 《Biology & philosophy》2009,24(1):65-79
This paper demonstrates that the human visual system, the primary sensory conduit for primates, processes ambient energy in
a way that obligatorily constructs the objects that we ineluctably perceive. And since our perceptual apparatus processes
information only in terms of objects (along with the properties and movements of objects), we are limited in our ability to comprehend ‘what
is’ when we move beyond our ordinary world of midsize objects—as, for example, when we address the micro microworld of quantum
physics.
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Philip Richard SullivanEmail: |
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A key point in the analysis of dynamical models of biological systems is to handle systems of relatively high dimensions.
In the present paper we propose a method to hierarchically organize a certain type of piecewise affine (PWA) differential
systems. This specific class of systems has been extensively studied for the past few years, as it provides a good framework
to model gene regulatory networks. The method, shown on several examples, allows a qualitative analysis of the asymptotic
behavior of a PWA system, decomposing it into several smaller subsystems. This technique, based on the well-known strongly
connected components decomposition, is not new. However, its adaptation to the non-smooth PWA differential equations turns
out to be quite relevant because of the strong discrete structure underlying these equations. Its biological relevance is
shown on a 7-dimensional PWA system modeling the gene network responsible for the carbon starvation response in Escherichia coli.
相似文献
Laurent Tournier (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jean-Luc GouzéEmail: |
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John J. Furedy 《Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback》2009,34(3):149-160
In this interpretative paper, I consider four sets of methodological issues that may be relevant to improving the concealed
information test (CIT) as an instrument of applied differential psychophysiology. The first set has to do with psychophysiological
measurement in the CIT (e.g., specific sensitivity testing in lab vs. field). Secondly, I consider the relationships between
the psychological process of deception and the CIT. Thirdly, I consider the problem of laboratory-to-field generalization
of the CIT, a consideration that includes a discussion of whether the lab/field differences are merely quantitative or actually
qualitative. Finally, I discuss theories concerning the hypothetical mechanisms underlying the CIT, and argue that while the
purely cognitive, Sokolovian, orienting response (OR) account is widely accepted as the sole mechanism, there is evidence
to suggest that not just motivational, but even emotional mechanisms are also relevant.
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John J. FuredyEmail: URL: www.psych.utoronto.ca/~furedy |
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To our knowledge, this paper is the first record/report of a juvenile light-coloured Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) at Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island in January 1998, determining that it was an albino individual. Based on available literature,
three cases of albino seals have been reported exclusively for Harbour seal pups, and no albino has been reported for Antarctic
pagophilic true seals. Therefore, this is the first confirmed case of albinism in Antarctic pagophilic true seals species,
indicating that this phenomenon is indeed of a rare occurrence.
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Daniel TorresEmail: |
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Gérard Battail 《Biosemiotics》2008,1(2):221-238
This paper is intended to complement our previous works on the necessary existence of error-correcting codes endowing genomes
with the ability of being regenerated, not merely copied. It sketchily recalls some fundamental definitions and results of
information theory and error-correcting codes; provides an overview of our research; shows that the disjunction of replication
and regeneration enlightens the divide between germinal and somatic cells; suggests that some phenomena referred to as epigenetic
may possibly find an explanation within the framework of error-correcting codes; points out some difficulties, especially
those related to sexual reproduction; criticizes the template-replication paradigm, and prompts geneticists to become familiar
with information theory.
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Gérard BattailEmail: |
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Roger Sansom 《Biology & philosophy》2008,23(4):475-491
I show that gene regulation networks are qualitatively consistent and therefore sufficiently similar to linearly seperable
connectionist networks to warrant that the connectionist framework be applied to gene regulation. On this view, natural selection
designs gene regulation networks to overcome the difficulty of development. I offer some general lessons about their evolvability
that can be learned by examining the generic features of connectionist networks.
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Roger SansomEmail: |
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Causal Explanation of Indonesian Forest Fires: Concepts, Applications, and Research Priorities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andrew P. Vayda 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2006,34(5):615-635
Problems with studies, claims, and assumptions that have been made about the causes of fires in Indonesia's tropical moist forests are identified, and the kinds of concepts, methods, prioritizing, and data needed to resolve the problems are discussed. Separate sections are devoted to studying ignitions, studying fire susceptibility and fire behavior, and using the goal of causal explanation to guide interdisciplinary research.
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Andrew P. VaydaEmail: |
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There are many applications where a timely response to an important event is needed. Often such response can require significant
computation and possibly communication, and it can be very challenging to complete it within the time-frame the response is
needed. At the same time, there could be application-specific flexibility in the computation that may be desired.
This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a middleware that can support such applications. Each of
the services in our target applications could have one or more service parameters, which can be modified, within the pre-specified
ranges, by the middleware. The middleware enables the time-critical event handling to achieve the maximum benefit, as per
the user-defined benefit function, while satisfying the time constraint. Our middleware is also based on the existing Grid
infrastructure and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) concepts. We have evaluated our middleware and its support for adaptation
using a volume rendering application and a Great Lake forecasting application. The evaluation shows that our adaptation is
effective, and has a very low overhead.
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Gagan AgrawalEmail: |
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Anonymous communications in the Internet 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Arjan Durresi 《Cluster computing》2007,10(1):57-66
With the growth and acceptance of the Internet, there has been increased interest in maintaining anonymity in the network.
By using traffic analysis, it is possible to infer who is talking to whom over the Internet. We present a novel approach to
hide the senders and the receivers of messages. Routes are chosen and frames traverse these routes. Each frame consists of
a token and a node can send a message through a frame only when the corresponding token is free. The advantage of our protocol
is that it poses limited bandwidth overhead when there is at least some traffic, while posing minimal bandwidth overhead when
there is no traffic at all.
相似文献
Arjan DurresiEmail: |
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Norman Morrison Dan Bearden Jacob G. Bundy Tim Collette Felicity Currie Matthew P. Davey Nathan S. Haigh David Hancock Oliver A. H. Jones Simone Rochfort Susanna-Assunta Sansone Dalibor Štys Quincy Teng Dawn Field Mark R. Viant 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2007,3(3):203-210