Cavernous nerve reconstruction to preserve erectile function following non-nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy: a prospective study

Erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy for treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer remains a problem that deters many men from seeking surgical treatment. Sparing the cavernous nerves has been popularized as a method of preserving potency, but men with locally advanced disease may be at increased risk for positive margins with this technique. In this study, sural nerve grafting of the cavernous nerve bundles, to preserve postoperative potency while potentially maximizing cancer control, was examined. Thirty men were enrolled in this prospective phase I study and underwent non-nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy performed by one of two protocol surgeons. Preoperative erectile function was assessed both objectively, using a RigiScan (Timm Medical Technologies, Inc., Eden Prairie, Minn.), and subjectively. The cavernous nerves were identified and resected during the operation with the use of an intraoperative mapping device (CaverMap; Alliant Medical Technologies, Norwood, Mass.). Bilateral autologous sural nerve grafting to the cavernous nerve stumps was performed by one of two protocol plastic surgeons. Postoperative erectile dysfunction therapy, using intracorporeal injection, a vacuum pump, and/or oral sildenafil therapy, was instituted 6 weeks after the operation. Spontaneous erectile activity was subjectively and objectively measured every 3 months after the operation. Follow-up periods ranged from 13 to 33 months (mean, 23 months). Overall, 18 of 30 patients (60 percent) demonstrated both objective and subjective evidence of spontaneous erectile activity. Of those 18 men, 13 (72 percent) were able to have intercourse (seven unassisted and six with the aid of sildenafil). No disease or biochemical recurrences have been noted in this group of patients with locally advanced disease. In conclusion, autologous sural nerve grafting after non-nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy is an effective means of preserving spontaneous erectile activity after the operation while maximizing cancer control potential.     

Open versus laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

Expert laparoscopic surgeons have demonstrated that laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with or without robotic assistance can be performed with excellent results. There is no evidence that laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with or without robotic assistance offers any clinically relevant advantage over open radical prostatectomy. Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with or without robotic assistance requires a significant learning curve, is a longer surgical procedure, carries greater costs, and requires an expanded operating room team. The literature suggests that laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is associated with more intraoperative complications and higher positive surgical margins. The lesser amount of postoperative bleeding associated with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is not clinically relevant. Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is not associated with less pain and does not facilitate earlier urinary catheter removal. The best way to improve overall outcomes after radical prostatectomy is to direct patients to expert open or laparoscopic surgeons.     

Widespread N18 in median nerve SEP is preserved in a pontine lesion

Widespread N18 potential to median nerve stimulation was preserved in a patient who had profound unilateral disturbance of deep sensation and a lesion of the pontine medial lemniscus confirmed by MRI. It was concluded from this result that at least a significant part of the N18 potential was generated caudal to the pontine level or at higher levels via extralemniscal pathways. Careful review of studies in man with intraoperative recordings seemed to support that the N18 potential already exists at the medullary level. We suggested that the potential generated at the cuneate nucleus which was described in cats may correspond to part of the N18 potential.     

Sonic Hedgehog Protein Is Decreased and Penile Morphology Is Altered in Prostatectomy and Diabetic Patients

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a debilitating medical condition and current treatments are ineffective in patients with cavernous nerve (CN) injury, due to penile remodeling and apoptosis. A critical regulator of penile smooth muscle and apoptosis is the secreted protein sonic hedgehog (SHH). SHH protein is decreased in rat prostatectomy and diabetic ED models, SHH inhibition in the penis induces apoptosis and ED, and SHH treatment at the time of CN injury suppresses smooth muscle apoptosis and promotes regeneration of erectile function. Thus SHH treatment has significant translational potential as an ED therapy if similar mechanisms underlie ED development in patients. In this study we quantify SHH protein and morphological changes in corpora cavernosal tissue of control, prostatectomy and diabetic patients and hypothesize that decreased SHH protein is an underlying cause of ED development in prostatectomy and diabetic patients. Our results show significantly decreased SHH protein in prostatectomy and diabetic penis. Morphological remodelling of the penis, including significantly increased apoptotic index and decreased smooth muscle/collagen ratio, accompanies declining SHH. SHH signaling is active in human penis and is altered in a parallel manner to previous observations in the rat. These results suggest that SHH has significant potential to be developed as an ED therapy in prostatectomy and diabetic patients. The increased apoptotic index long after initial injury is suggestive of ongoing remodeling that may be clinically manipulatable.     

Erectile function outcomes in the current era of anatomic nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy

The contemporary use of anatomic nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy, which entails preserving the autonomic nerve supply to the penis required for penile erection, has led to improved erectile function outcomes compared with what has been seen historically. However, delay of postoperative recovery of erection for as long as 2 years is common, such that dysfunctional erection status lingers as a major postoperative problem. Several possible strategies to improve overall recovery rates and to hasten postoperative recovery of erectile function are currently being advanced. These include pharmacologic rehabilitation therapy and neuromodulatory therapy. Rigorous basic scientific investigation and clinical assessment of these new strategic approaches are critically important to establish their actual therapeutic benefits.     

A systematic method to quantify the presence of cross-talk in stimulus-evoked EMG responses: implications for TMS studies

Surface electromyography (EMG) responses to noninvasive nerve and brain stimulation are routinely used to provide insight into neural function in humans. However, this could lead to erroneous conclusions if evoked EMG responses contain significant contributions from neighboring muscles (i.e., due to "cross-talk"). We addressed this issue with a simple nerve stimulation method to provide quantitative information regarding the size of EMG cross-talk between muscles of the forearm and hand. Peak to peak amplitude of EMG responses to electrical stimulation of the radial, median, and ulnar nerves (i.e., M-waves) were plotted against stimulation intensity for four wrist muscles and two hand muscles (n = 12). Since electrical stimulation can selectively activate specific groups of muscles, the method can differentiate between evoked EMG arising from target muscles and EMG cross-talk arising from nontarget muscles. Intramuscular EMG responses to nerve stimulation and root mean square EMG produced during maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) of the wrist were recorded for comparison. Cross-talk was present in evoked surface EMG responses recorded from all nontarget wrist (5.05-39.38% Mmax) and hand muscles (1.50-24.25% Mmax) and to a lesser degree in intramuscular EMG signals (～3.7% Mmax). The degree of cross-talk was comparable for stimulus-evoked responses and voluntary activity recorded during MVC. Since cross-talk can make a considerable contribution to EMG responses in forearm and hand muscles, care is required to avoid misinterpretation of EMG data. The multiple nerve stimulation method described here can be used to quantify the potential contribution of EMG cross-talk in transcranial magnetic stimulation and reflex studies.     

Adenosine modulation of vasoconstrictor responses to stimulation of sympathetic nerves and norepinephrine infusion in the superior mesenteric artery of the cat

Vasoconstriction induced by sympathetic nerve stimulation and by norepinephrine infusion in the superior mesenteric artery of cats anesthetized with pentobarbital was inhibited by adenosine infusions in a dose-related way. The responses to nerve stimulation were not inhibited to a greater extent than the responses to norepinephrine, thus suggesting no presynaptic modulation of sympathetic nerves supplying the resistance vessels of the feline intestinal vascular bed. Blockade of adenosine receptors using 8-phenyltheophylline did not alter the degree of constriction induced by nerve stimulation or norepinephrine infusion, indicating that in the fasted cat, endogenous adenosine co-released or released subsequent to constriction does not affect the peak vasoconstriction reached. Isoproterenol caused similar degrees of vasodilation as adenosine but did not show significant antagonism of the pooled responses to nerve stimulation or norepinephrine infusion; there was no tendency for the degree of dilation induced by isoproterenol to correlate with the inhibition of constrictor responses. Thus, the effect of adenosine on nerve- and norepinephrine-induced constriction is not secondary to nonspecific vasodilation.     

The effects of stimulus rates upon median,ulnar and radial nerve somatosensory evoked potentials

We examined the effect of stimulus rates on the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) amplitude following stimulation of the median nerve (MN) and the ulnar nerve (UN) at the elbow or wrist, and the radial nerve (RN) at the wrist in 12 normal subjects. We measured the amplitude of frontal (P14-N18-P22-N30) and parietal peaks (P14-N20-P26-N34) at a stimulus rate of 1.1, 3.5 and 5.7 Hz. The amplitude attenuation was found at frontal P22 and N30 and to a lesser degree at parietal N20 and P26 peaks with an increasing stimulus rate from 1.1 to 5.7 Hz. The amplitude attenuation was greatest at the elbow when compared to the wrist stimulation for both MN and UN. The attenuation was least for wrist stimulation for the RN. The UN block by local anesthesia just distal to the stimulus electrode at the elbow abolished the amplitude attenuation caused by the fast stimulus rate. The observed amplitude attenuation with the faster stimulus rate is probably due, in part, to interference from the “secondary” afferent inputs. The secondary afferent inputs arise from peripheral receptor stimulation (muscle, joint and/or cutaneous) as a subsequent effect of efferent volleys initiated from the point of stimulation. The greater number of peripheral receptors being activated as more proximal sites of stimulation in a mixed nerve would result in greater attenuation of the SEP recorded from scalp electrodes. We postulate that the attenuation of frontal peaks by the fast stimulus rate is due to the frontal projection of interfering “secondary” afferent inputs.     

Advances in the Management of Post-Radical Prostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction: Treatment Strategies When PDE-5 Inhibitors Don't Work

Phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of post-radical prostatectomy erectile dysfunction. For those patients who undergo a non-nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy or whose condition fails to respond to PDE-5 inhibitors, alternative treatment with intracavernous injection therapy, transurethral alprostadil, vacuum erection devices, and recently described combination therapy is available. The goals of therapy are to provide the patient with a means of obtaining an erection so that the patient and his partner may resume sexual relations as soon as possible following radical prostatectomy. There is evidence that early institution of treatment may promote improvement in the return of spontaneous erections in patients who have undergone nerve preservation. In patients who undergo non-nerve-sparing procedures, therapy may improve penile rigidity. Intracavernous injection therapy, transurethral alprostadil, and vacuum devices are highly effective in the management of post-prostatectomy erectile dysfunction. High dropout rates, which are not related to adverse effects, have been described with all 3 modalities. Pre- and postoperative counseling may improve patient and partner satisfaction.     

胸神经阻滞和肋间神经阻滞对乳腺癌根治术患者血流动力学、术后镇痛及呼吸功能的对比研究

目的:比较胸神经阻滞和肋间神经阻滞对乳腺癌根治术患者血流动力学、术后镇痛以及呼吸功能的影响,为乳腺癌根治术患者的临床麻醉选择提供参考。方法:选择2017年3月至2018年3月医院收治的120例行乳腺癌根治术的患者作为研究对象,按照麻醉方式不同分为观察组和对照组各60例,其中观察组患者给予胸神经阻滞复合全身麻醉,对照组患者给予肋间神经阻滞复合全身麻醉。比较两组患者术后2h、6h、12h、24h、48h的静态和动态的视觉模拟评分(VAS)评分,并比较两组患者切皮前5 min(T_0)、切皮即刻(T_1)、切皮后15 min(T_2)、30 min(T_3)、钉皮即刻(T_4)及拔管后15 min(T_5)的血流动力学以及呼吸功能指标,并分析两组患者术中用药、术后镇痛泵使用情况以及术后不良反应。结果:两组患者术后静息状态下不同时点的VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);动态状态下,观察组患者的VAS评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。T_1-T_5期间,观察组患者的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)均明显低于对照组,每分钟通气量(MV)明显高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者的术中瑞芬太尼消耗量、丙泊酚用量、镇痛泵有效按压次数以及补救镇痛例数均明显低于对照组;恶心呕吐(PONV)、尿潴留、嗜睡等不良反应明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:与肋间神经阻滞相比,胸神经阻滞治疗乳腺癌根治术患者可以有效增强术后镇痛效果,术中血流动力学平稳,减少阿片类药物用量,降低术后不良反应发生率,改善术后呼吸功能,效果显著,值得临床推广使用。     

Value of the intraoperative neuromonitoring in surgery for thyroid cancer in identification and prognosis of function of the recurrent laryngeal nerves

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was both, to evaluate the usefulness of the method of neuromonitoring in intraoperative identification of the RLN and to estimate its value in the prognosis of postoperative RLN function in patients operated for TC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among 109 patients undergoing surgery for TC between 12/2004 and 12/2005 the neuromonitoring method was used in 69 (63.3%) individuals (including 5 operations of completion total thyroidectomy). A Neurosign 100 equipment with laryngeal electrodes was employed in identification and assessment of total number of 134 RLN. Intraoperative results were compared to the postoperative results of the ENT-specialist examination of vocal cords mobility in indirect laryngoscopy, in each patient. RESULTS: Transient vs. permanent, unilateral RLN palsy was noted in 3 vs. 2 patients (2.2% vs. 1.4% of nerves at risk). The method of neuromonitoring facilitated identification of 123 (91.8%) RLN being not helpful in 11 (8.2%) cases. However, neuromonitoring was helpful in identification of the RLN, the value of the method in prognosis of posteoperative function of the RLN was limited. Results of indirect neurostimulation were more accurate than direct neurostimulation and were more accurate in prognosis of late rather than early RLN function after surgery (sensitivity 98.3%; specificity 100%; positive predictive value 100%; negative predictive value 50%, accuracy 98.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Application of intraoperative neuromonitoring facilitates identification of the RLN during surgery for TC. However, the method is of limited value in prognosis of postoperative RLN dysfunction in cases of missing signal after nerve stimulation.     

A possible coordinating role for presynaptic inhibition

Conditioning stimuli were applied to the common peroneal or superficial peroneal nerve in acute experiments on anesthetized cats. Changes in the N₁-component of the dorsal cord potential evoked by stimulation of one of these nerves or of other nerves (tibial, deep peroneal) and changes in the amplitude of antidromic action potentials in the afferent fibers of these nerves were investigated. The degree of reinforcement of antidromic action potentials, reflecting the degree of depolarization of the afferent terminals, was found to be greater for the passive nerve than for the active to which the conditioning stimulus was applied. Inhibition of the N₁-component of the dorsal cord potential was deeper when a pair of stimuli was applied to two different nerves (under these conditions only the mechanism of presynaptic inhibition was activated) than when they were applied to the same nerve. It is concluded that presynaptic inhibition, by selectively controlling afferent volleys, can evidently play a coordinating role.     

Post-Radical Prostatectomy Incontinence: Etiology and Prevention

All patients undergoing a radical prostatectomy (RP) using any surgical approach, be it open, laparoscopic, or robotic, are at risk of developing postprostatectomy urinary incontinence. This side effect of RP has an effect on the patient’s quality of life and can be associated with moderate to severe postoperative morbidity. The authors present a review of the etiology and prevention strategies of postprostatectomy urinary incontinence. Based on the current literature, the authors conclude that there is a paucity of studies that can accurately answer the exact anatomic and physiologic etiologies of postprostatectomy urinary incontinence. The aim of urologic surgeons performing RP should be to reduce the rate of postoperative incontinence rather than attempting to treat it once it has occurred. Further studies aimed at providing a detailed anatomic map of the pelvic anatomy related to continence will help to improve surgical techniques and reduce postoperative urinary incontinence following RP.Key words: Radical prostatectomy, Urinary incontinence, Urethral lengthProstate cancer is the most common cancer in men over age 50 years.¹ The most common treatment for organ-confined disease in a suitably selected patient is a radical prostatectomy (RP); however, one of the major morbidities of this procedure is urinary incontinence. Rates of postoperative incontinence range from 4% to 8%^1,2; however, rates may be much higher depending on definitions used and whether validated questionnaires of incontinence were used. Most studies quantify postprostatectomy urinary incontinence accurately as the number of pads being used as a marker of the degree of urinary incontinence.³ Examining the potential causes of postprostatectomy incontinence is important for prevention, but, at present, our understanding is limited, due in part to the lack of anatomic and functional knowledge of continence, as well as the lack of postoperative studies.     

Intraoperative monitoring of the abducens nerve in extended endonasal endoscopic approach: A pilot study technical report

BackgroundTo determine the reliability and usefulness of intraoperative monitoring of the abducens nerve during extended endonasal endoscopic skull base tumor resection.MethodsWe performed abducens nerve intraoperative monitoring in 8 patients with giant clival lesions recording with needle electrodes sutured directly into the lateral rectus muscles of the eye to evaluate spontaneous electromyographic activity and triggered responses following stimulation of the abducens nerves.ResultsA total of 16 abducens nerves were successfully recorded during endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries. Neurotonic discharges were seen in two patients (12% [2/16] abducens nerves). Compound muscle action potentials of the abducens nerves were evoked with 0.1–4 mA and maintained without changes during the neurosurgical procedures. No patient had new neurological deficits or ophthalmological complications post-surgery.ConclusionsIntraoperative monitoring of the abducens nerve during the extended endonasal endoscopic approach to skull base tumors appears to be a safe method with the potential to prevent neural injury through the evaluation of neurotonic discharges and triggered responses.     

电刺激家兔迷走神经中枢端诱导的黑-伯反射中的非联合型学习现象

本文旨在研究电刺激家兔迷走神经诱导的黑-伯（Hering-Breuer,HB）反射中的学习和记忆现象。选择性电刺激家兔迷走神经中枢端（频率10～100Hz,强度20～60μA,波宽0．3ms,持续60s）,观察对膈神经放电的影响。以不同频率电刺激家兔迷走神经可模拟HB反射的两种成分,即类似肺容积增大所致抑制吸气的肺扩张反射和类似肺容积缩小所致加强吸气的肺萎陷反射。（1）长时高频（≥40Hz,60s）电刺激迷走神经可模拟呼吸频率减慢,呼气时程延长的肺扩张反射。随着刺激时间的延长,膈神经放电抑制的程度逐渐衰减,表现为呼吸频率的减慢（主要由呼气时程延长所致）在刺激过程中逐渐减弱或消失,显示为适应性或“习惯化”的现象;刺激结束时呼吸运动呈现反跳性增强,表现为一过性的呼气时程缩短,呼吸频率加快,然后才逐渐恢复正常。长时低频（〈40Hz,60s）电刺激迷走神经可模拟呼吸频率加快、呼气时程缩短的肺萎陷反射。随着刺激时间的延长,膈神经放电增强的程度逐渐衰减,同样表现出“习惯化”现象;刺激结束后,膈神经放电不是突然降低,而是继续衰减,表现为呼气时程逐渐延长,呼吸频率逐渐减慢,直至恢复到前对照水平,表现了刺激后的短时增强效应。（2）HB反射的适应性或“习惯化”程度反向依赖于刺激强度和刺激频率,表现为随着刺激强度和频率的增加,膈神经放电越远离正常基线水平,即爿惯化程度减弱。结果表明,家兔HB反射具有“习惯化”这一非联合型学习现象,反映与其有关的呼吸神经元网络具有突触功能的可翅性,呼吸的中枢调控反射具有一定的适应性。     

成人脊柱畸形患者矫正术后力学性并发症发生率及其危险因素分析

摘要 目的：研究成人脊柱畸形患者矫正手术后力学性并发症的发生率以及影响其发生的危险因素。方法：纳入2016年6月到2020年6月在我院接受脊柱畸形矫正术的患者80例,术后对所有患者进行为期12个月的随访。根据患者术后随访期间是否出现力学性并发症分为力学并发症组和无力学并发症组,调查两组患者年龄、BMI、术中失血量、手术时间、合并神经损伤、术中截骨、性别、主弯角度、矫正率、手术史、入路以及疾病类型等病历资料,并通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析成人脊柱畸形矫正术后发生力学性并发症的独立危险因素。结果：80例脊柱畸形矫正术患者术后发生力学性并发症患者18例（22.50 %）,分别为内固定失败4例、近端交界性失败5例、远端交界性失败4例以及术后冠状面失平衡5例。单因素分析结果表明,手术时间（OR=6.924,P=0.015）、年龄（OR=2.803,P=0.011）、矫正率（OR=3.215,P=0.032）、合并神经损伤（OR=1.629,P=0.021）、术中截骨术（OR=5.876,P=0.005）以及手术史（OR=1.692,P=0.043）与成人脊柱畸形矫正术后力学性并发症的发生有关。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,手术时间（OR=2.265,P=0.002）、年龄（OR=4.035,P<0.001）、合并神经损伤（OR=3.024,P=0.003）以及术中截骨术（OR=3.982,P<0.001）是成人脊柱畸形矫正术后发生力学性并发症的独立危险因素。结论：成年脊柱畸形患者矫正术后易发生力学性并发症,手术时间较长、年龄较大、合并神经损伤以及术中截骨术均会增加其发生风险。     

Potential and current distribution in nerve: The effect of the nerve sheath,the number of fibers,and the frequency of alternating current stimulation

The potential and current distribution in a nerve bundle is studied mathematically under various situations. Relations are derived expressing the effect of many fibers on the external potential, the value of the potential for a given nerve excitation pattern with and without the nerve sheath, the potential of a single fiber for a given outside potential pattern, and the effect of varying the frequency of alternating current stimulation. Results of the latter study are used to account for experimental deviations of the two-factor theory, and good agreement with the experimental results is found.     

术中神经电生理监测在颅底外科中的应用进展

临床颅底外科手术中充满各种风险,特别是有对神经系统结构造成损伤的潜在风险。有些损伤无法通过直接观察来判断,因此术中电生理监测(intraoperative neuroelectrophysiological monitoring,IONM)是神经外科手术医生术中实时监测和评估神经功能的重要手段。国外上世纪80年代就将其应用于颅底肿瘤手术中,但直至目前我国相关应用仍未普及。术中神经电生理监测是运用各种电生理技术,实时监测术中处于有损伤风险的神经系统功能的完整性,并提示手术医生及时终止风险性操作,有针对性的采取有效干预措施消除或减小神经损伤、改善患者预后的一门技术。近年来,颅底外科进展迅速,并向多学科协作和减少创伤的方向发展,术中神经电生理监测已经迅速发展为降低颅底手术中神经损伤发生率的重要辅助手段。     

对比分析超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞与肋间神经阻滞在脊柱手术患者应用效果及对血流动力学的影响

摘要 目的：对比分析超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞与肋间神经阻滞在脊柱手术患者应用效果及对血流动力学的影响。方法：选择西安交通大学第一附属医院2020年6月至2021年12月收治的脊柱骨折患者96例作为研究对象,根据1:1随机数字表法把患者分为椎旁神经阻滞组与肋间神经阻滞组各48例。所有患者均给予脊柱手术治疗,所有手术操作都由同一组医生完成,椎旁神经阻滞组与肋间神经阻滞组分别给予超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞与肋间神经阻滞,记录两组阻滞效果及对血流动力学的影响。结果：两组通气5 min、通气30 min、恢复双肺通气30 min等时间点的HR、SPO₂值在组内与组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。两组的术中补液量、术中出血量、手术时间、麻醉时间、术中尿量等对比无差异（P>0.05）。椎旁神经阻滞组的坐骨神经运动神经、感觉神经阻滞持续时间都少于肋间神经阻滞组（P<0.05）,两组运动神经、感觉神经阻滞起效时间对比无差异（P>0.05）。椎旁神经阻滞组术后7 d的肺部感染、肺栓塞、呼吸衰竭等肺部并发症发生率2.1 %,低于肋间神经阻滞组的16.7 %（P<0.05）。结论：相对于肋间神经阻滞,超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞在脊柱手术患者并不会影响患者的血流动力学状况,也不会影响手术与麻醉过程,还可缩短坐骨神经运动神经、感觉神经阻滞持续时间,减少术后并发症的发生。     

甲状腺术中喉返神经显露对暂时性喉返神经损伤发生率的影响

目的:探究甲状腺术中喉返神经显露对暂时性喉返神经损伤发生率的影响。方法:选择我院2016年10月-2018年10月收治的行甲状腺切除术的115例患者为研究对象,按照其入院顺序经随机数字表法分为两组,两组患者均行常规甲状腺切除术。其中,对照组58例患者未显露喉返神经;研究组57例患者常规显露喉返神经,记录并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、切口长度和住院时间等围术期手术指标,术后1d、4d、7d的甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平、钙离子(Ca2+)水平,术后暂时性喉返神经损伤、术后声音嘶哑、低钙血症等并发症的发生情况。结果:研究组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量均短于(少于)对照组(P0.05),但两组患者的切口长度和住院时间无显著性差异(P0.05);研究组患者术后1d、4d、7d的血清PTH、Ca2+水平均高于对照组(P0.05),暂时性喉返神经损伤、术后声音嘶哑、低钙血症发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:甲状腺术中喉返神经显露可有效预防暂时性喉返神经和甲状腺功能的损伤,降低术后并发症的发生率,且患者的围术期指标均显著改善。