胃粘膜肠上皮化生SC3A的免疫组织化学研究

应用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ方法等检测６２ 例胃良、恶性病变伴肠化组织中单克隆抗体ＳＣ３Ａ的表达及意义。结果： 癌旁肠化硫酸粘液阳性率明显较良性病变伴肠化高; 硫酸粘液阳性组肠化ＳＣ３Ａ阳性率明显高于硫酸粘液阴性组; 而且ＳＣ３Ａ 阳性率在酸性粘液阳性组胃癌明显高于酸性粘液阴性组; 硫酸粘液阳性组胃癌明显高于硫酸粘液阴性组。提示结肠型肠化可能与肠型胃癌的发生有一定关系     

胃印戒细胞癌的粘液组织化学和免疫组织化学研究

应用粘液组化及免疫组化技术对１５例胃印戒细胞癌进行了研究。结果：癌细胞可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三型,三型细胞常混合存在;癌细胞以分泌酸性粘液为主,部分癌细胞分泌中性粘液,全部含有硫酸粘液;胃印戒细胞癌ＣＥＡ阳性率１００％,ＣＥＡ分布丧失了极性;电镜下癌细胞ＣＥＡ同时分布于细胞膜及胞浆内膜结构中。上述结果进一步支持了癌细胞起源于胃原始干细胞的看法;而癌细胞分泌的大量粘液及ＣＥＡ的异常分布可能易于导致印戒细胞癌的浸润及转移。     

不同部位、分化和起源胃癌中H.pylori、CagA基因的探讨

目的通过检测不同部位和不同组织类型中胃癌组织中幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)和细胞毒素相关基因(CagA基因),探讨H.pylori、CagA基因与胃癌的关系,以及H.pylori、CagA基因导致胃癌的可能机制。方法应用快速尿素酶试验和组织切片革兰染色及血清H.pylori CagA抗体检测胃癌患者H.pylori,应用PCR检测胃癌组织中H.pylori CagA基因。结果胃癌组织中随活检部位不同,H.pylori检出率也不同,以胃窦部检出率最高为76.9%,与胃体大弯侧、胃角和贲门相比差异均有非常显著性(P0.005),胃体大弯侧、胃角与贲门相比差异均有非常显著性(P0.005),胃底与贲门相比差异无显著性(P0.05)。胃窦部癌的CagA检出率(85.6%)最高,与其他部位相比差异均有非常显著性(P0.005),胃角胃癌CagA检出率显著高于胃体大弯侧和贲门胃癌(P0.005)。高分化胃癌H.pylori检出率为73.1%,低分化胃癌H.pylori检出率为44.1%,二者相比差异均有非常显著性(P0.01)。肠型胃癌H.pylori检出率为76.7%,弥漫型胃癌H.pylori检出率为33.3%,二者相比差异有显著性(P0.05),高分化胃癌CagA检出率为26.3%,低分化胃癌CagA检出率为80.0%,二者相比差异均有非常显著性(P0.01)。肠型胃癌CagA检出率为80.4%,弥漫型胃癌CagA检出率为57.1%,二者相比差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论不同部位和不同组织类型中胃癌组织中H.pylori和CagA基因的表达存在一定差异性,对探讨胃癌的发生及胃癌的防治有一定的指导意义。     

胃粘膜肠上皮化生与胃癌关系的组织化学和免疫组织化学研究

应用ＡＢ（ｐＨ１．０）ＫＯＨ／ＰＡＳ粘液组织化学和ＡＢＣ法凝集素标记,对１９０例胃粘膜病变标本进行观察。结果表明,结肠不完全型肠上皮化生多见于肠型癌（ＩＴＣ）及其癌旁组织。两型肠化在弥漫型癌（ＤＴＣ）中无显著差异。５种凝集素受体的含量和分布的差异与胃癌的组织学类型和分化程度有关。ＷＧＡ、ＲＣＡ和ＰＮＡ主要标记在ＤＴＣ中,与ＩＴＣ相比,有非常显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。其染色水平随肿瘤分化程度的降低而升高。ＣｏｎＡ和ＤＢＡ主要标记在ＩＴＣ和伴有肠化的慢性萎缩性胃炎中。凝集素肠化分型与粘液肠化分型基本相符。我们认为结肠不完全肠化与ＩＴＣ的发生关系密切,而小肠型和结肠完全型肠化可能与ＤＴＣ的发生有关。     

Wnt/beta-catenin 信号通路相关蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达和 肿瘤转移的关系

目的：探讨了Wnt信号通路相关蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达及与肿瘤转移的关系。方法：选取2011 年6 月到2012 年6 月我 院胃癌术后47 例肿瘤标本作为研究对象,并选取同一患者的正常胃组织作为对照研究。采用实时荧光定量PCR 和Western blot 对胃癌组织和正常胃组织Wnt 信号通路相关蛋白进行分析,并分析了肿瘤转移和非转移患者Wnt信号通路相关蛋白的变化。结 果：与正常胃组织比较,胃癌组织中Wnt1、Wnt3、Wnt3a、beta-catenin、CyclinD1 和c-Myc 等分子的mRNA 水平明显上调,差异有显 著统计学意义（P<0.05）。胃癌组织中总beta-catenin 和核内beta-catenin蛋白较正常胃组织明显增加,而磷酸化beta-catenin 较正常组明显 下降、差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.05）。与非转移组比较,转移组患者胃癌组织中Wnt1、Wnt3、Wnt3a 等分子mRNA水平显著上 调,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：Wnt信号通路异常激活在胃癌发生和癌细胞转移中发挥着重要的作用,为临床治疗提供了 一定靶点。     

胃癌及癌旁组织癌胚抗原分布的免疫电镜观察

应用免疫电镜技术对１４例胃癌手术切除标本进行胃癌及癌旁组织中癌胚抗原（ＣＥＡ）超微结构水平分布的定位观察。结果表明,癌旁正常胃粘膜上皮细胞ＣＥＡ含量很少,仅在表面微绒毛见到微弱的ＣＥＡ分布;肠化上皮细胞ＣＥＡ主要分布在吸收细胞的微绒毛及杯状细胞粘液颗粒之间;而胃癌细胞ＣＥＡ除分布腔面微绒毛外,尚分布细胞侧面,基底面或整个胞膜,还见于胞浆内膜结构中。ＣＥＡ在胃癌细胞与正常胃粘膜上皮及肠化上皮分布上的差异说明表面膜成份极性的丧失是上皮性肿瘤细胞的特征之一。ＣＥＡ在胃癌细胞的分布异常可能导致恶性细胞某些生物学行为的变化。     

胃癌组织中溶菌酶的免疫组织化学及其与浸润转移的关系

应用微波－ＳＰ法免疫组化技术,检测了９７例胃癌和３０例手术胃切端正常胃粘膜组织中溶菌酶（ＬＺＭ）表达状况。其阳性率分别为８５．６％和６６．７％,前者显著高于后者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＬＺＭ在胃癌中的表达阳性率比较,差分化癌和粘液细胞癌均显著高于分化型腺癌（Ｐ值均＜０．０５）,有淋巴结转移性胃癌显著高于无淋巴结转移者（Ｐ＜０．００５）。在一组原发部位和淋巴结转移性胃癌配对标本中,ＬＺＭ表达无明显差异性,提示胃癌ＬＺＭ活性增高发生在淋巴结转移之前。结果表明,ＬＺＭ表达与胃癌细胞的分化程度及生物学行为密切相关     

胃癌血清Periostin、E-cadherine水平的研究

目的：通过检测并分析胃癌患者血清Periostin、E-cadherine水平与胃癌临床病理参数的关系以评价两者对胃癌的临床应用价值。方法：应用固相夹心酶联免疫吸附实验（Elisa）检测54例胃良性疾病患者对照组和128例胃癌患者（胃癌组）血清Periostin、E-cadherine水平。结果：胃癌组血清Periostin[（409.429±154.851）pg/ml]、E-cadherine[（38.834±11.676）ng/ml]水平均显著高于对照组,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.05）。胃癌根除组,有淋巴结转移组血清E-cadherine水平显著高于无淋巴结转移组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;血清Periostin水平随淋巴结转移个数的增多而升高,多重比较不同淋巴结转移个数分组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;血清Periostin、E-cadherine水平随着胃癌浸润程度加深而升高,多重比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。胃癌组,有远处器官转移组患者血清Periostin水平[（505.617±163.950）pg/ml]、E-cadherine[（48.705±8.067）ng/ml]均明显高于无远处转移组,差别有显著统计学意义（P〈0.05）。胃癌组血清Periostin水平和血清E-cadherine水平呈低度正相关性。结论：血清Periostin、E-cadherine水平与胃癌的临床病理参数密切关系,对评价胃癌进展程度及预后有一定临床意义。     

CDX2在胃癌及癌前病变组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究CDX2在胃癌及癌前病变组织中的表达及其与临床病理因素之间的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测CDX2在胃癌及癌前病变组织中的表达,采用阿新兰/过碘酸雪夫氏染色(AB/PAS)和高铁二铵/阿新兰(HID/AB)染色对胃黏膜肠化生进行分型。结果 (1)CDX2在正常胃黏膜组织、慢性浅表性胃炎中不表达,CDX2在肠化、异型增生及胃癌中的阳性率(81.7%、50%、48.2%)均明显高于正常胃黏膜组织(P0.05),在肠化组织中的表达明显高于异型增生和胃癌(P0.05),在异型增生和胃癌中的阳性率差异无显著性(P0.05)。CDX2的表达与肠化的分型和异型增生的分级之间均无关系。(2)CDX2在肠型胃癌中的阳性率(67.4%)明显高于弥漫型和混合型胃癌(25.7%、42.9%);CDX2的表达与胃癌分化程度呈正相关,而与淋巴结转移和临床分期呈负相关,差异均有统计学意义。CDX2阳性表达组的五年生存率明显高于阴性表达组(P=0.038);多种变量对胃癌患者术后生存时间影响的分析显示,CDX2的表达和淋巴结转移是影响胃癌预后的独立因素(P0.05)。结论 CDX2可能在胃粘膜肠化生的发生及胃癌的发生发展中起重要作用,可作为胃癌诊断、判断胃癌的恶性程度及患者预后的有用指标。     

携带hIFN-γ的增殖型腺病毒治疗胃癌的体外实验研究

目的：研究增殖型腺病毒CNHK300-hIFN-γ在胃癌细胞中的增殖、杀伤能力与表达hIFN-γ蛋白的能力。方法：病毒增殖实验比较CNHK300-hIFN-γ与CNHK300在胃癌细胞SGC-7901与成纤维细胞BJ中的增殖能力;ELISA法比较CNHK300-hIFN-γ和复制缺陷型腺病毒Ad-hIFN-γ在细胞中hIFN-γ蛋白的表达量;细胞活力MTT检测法与CPE实验观察CNHK300-hIFN-γ对胃癌细胞与正常细胞的杀伤效应。结果：增殖实验结果表明CNHK300-hIFN-γ能选择性地在端粒酶阳性的胃癌细胞中大量增殖;ELISA实验结果表明CNHK300-hIFN-γ在胃癌细胞中hIFN-γ的表达量可至117.26&#177;15.92ng/ml;MTT与CPE实验表明CNHK300-hIFN-γ对胃癌细胞有显著的杀伤性,对正常细胞无明显杀伤。结论：增殖型腺病毒CNHK300-hIFN-γ感染胃癌细胞后增殖活跃并能大量表达目的基因hIFN-γ,对胃癌细胞有明显杀伤作用但对正常细胞无明显杀伤,为胃癌的病毒基因治疗进一步提供了理论依据。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.