重组人白介素6受体功能区片段的功能鉴定

用生物素标记重组人白介素6受体功能区片段rIL6R-28及其二联体蛋白rIL6R-53．竞争ELISA表明重组蛋白可以与配基IL-6特异结合．流式细胞术检测结果表明IL-6与生物素标记的重组蛋白所形成的复合物能够与7TD1细胞表面的gp130结合．而7TD1细胞生长分析则表明,重组蛋白可以增强IL-6对7TD1．细胞的生长刺激作用．     

锌协同三羟异黄酮对成骨细胞MC3T3-E1的影响

目的:观察锌协同三羟异黄酮对成骨细胞MC3T3-E1增殖、细胞中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量、骨形成蛋白-2(BMP-2)表达的影响,探讨锌协同三羟异黄酮对骨质疏松的防治作用.方法:采用四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝比色法检测(1×10-7)mol/L、(1×10-6)mol/L、(1x 10-5)mol/L、(1×10-4)mol/L的三羟异黄酮以及与(1×10-5)mol/L锌联合作用时对MC3T3-E1增殖的作用;应用Western blot法检测三羟异黄酮与锌联合作用前后,成骨细胞中BMP-2蛋白的表达水平,用比色法检测MC3T3-E1中ALP的含量.结果:锌与三羟异黄酮单独作用或协同作用于MC3T3-E1细胞,其增殖率随着三羟异黄酮浓度的增加和作用时间的延长而升高,(1×10-5)mol/L的三羟异黄酮协同(1×10-5)mol/L的锌作用72h,其细胞增殖率为(160.1±14.3)%.细胞中的LP含量及BMP-2的表达也随着三羟异黄酮浓度的增加及作用时间的延长而增加.三羟异黄酮和锌联合作用后,对ALP活性的增强、BMP-2表达的增加作用均较各自单独作用时更为明显(P＜0.05).结论:三羟异黄酮与锌协同作用表现出雌激素效应,可通过促进骨形成蛋白的合成从而促进成骨细胞的增殖、增加骨量.     

珍珠质自然涂层钛种植体表面对MC3T3E1成骨样细胞的作用

为了研究珍珠质自然涂层钛种植体表面的体外生物相容性,将珍珠质自然涂层的钛片与MC3T3E1成骨样细胞复合培养以观察细胞的生长、增殖和分化.分别以羟基磷灰石涂层钛片和没有涂层的纯钛片作为对照组,以MC3T3E1细胞单纯培养作为空白组,分别培养3天,5天和7天,通过倒置相差显微镜和扫描电镜观察细胞生长情况,流式细胞技术检测细胞增殖活性,金氏比色法检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性以及蛋白质印迹(Western blotting)法测定转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达水平.结果发现,细胞在珍珠质周围能形成良好附着,在其表面生长丰满.细胞培养第3天,第5天和第7天时,珍珠质表面的细胞增殖指数分别为(35.9±2.5)%、(69.7±3.3)%和(58.2±2.6)%,ALP活性分别为(6.123±2.917)U/g、(17.486±1.986)U/g和(23.987±1.372)U/g.第5天和7天时,实验组的细胞增殖指数、ALP活性和TGF-β1表达水平显著高于对照组和空白组(P<0.05).珍珠质自然涂层钛表面有利于MC3T3E1细胞的生长、增殖和分化,表明了珍珠质涂层能提高种植体表面的生物相容性,有可能会促进种植后的骨整合.     

不同温度下成骨细胞增殖及其OPG/RANKL mRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨不同温度下对小鼠成骨细胞MC3T3-E1的增殖以及OPG/RANKL表达水平的影响。方法:1.以小鼠成骨细胞MC3T3-E1为体外实验模型,MTT法检检测细胞的增殖情况。2.RT-PCR方法检测MC3T3-E1OPG/RANKL mRNA的表达水平。结果:设定对照组为37℃,高于对照组(38℃-39℃-40℃-41℃-42℃)分别作用于MC3T3-E1细胞1小时/天,连续1周,可刺激细胞增殖,OD值显著增加(P<0.05)。同时可增加OPG mRNA表达,降低RANKL mRNA表达,呈温度梯度依赖性。结论:热刺激促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖,同时通过调节OPG/RANKL mRNA的表达,直接促进骨形成,抑制骨吸收。     

千根草化学成分研究Ⅱ

本实验的目的是为了研究千根草全草的化学成分及其细胞毒活性。采用多种柱色谱技术对其进行分离纯化,从千根草中分离得到7个化合物,经NMR和HR-ESI-MS鉴定它们的结构为开环异落叶松树脂酚(1)、二氢去氢二愈创木基醇(2)、3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propyl acetate(3)、3,3'-bis(3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran)(4)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、butylbrevifolin carboxylate(6)和芹菜素(7)。化合物1~6为首次从该植物中分离得到。采用MTT法检测不同浓度的药物(化合物1~4和6)对Huh7.5和A549细胞活力的影响。当药物浓度为40μMol/L时,化合物6能明显地抑制这两株细胞的增殖。     

南方红豆杉和东北红豆杉中的15种单体化合物对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖的影响

采用MTT法测定南方红豆杉和东北红豆杉中的15种紫杉宁(Taxinine)衍生物对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖的作用.化合物1～15(10-9～10-5mol/L)处理MCF-7细胞48h和72 h后,化合物1(紫杉宁)、2、5、6和10在10-5mol/L显著抑制细胞增殖(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),处理细胞72 h后抑制率分别为44%、30.1%、20.1%、13.3%和23.3%,且在24～72 h范围内具有时间依赖性.     

茶色素对人肺鳞癌细胞株SK-MES-1 细胞生长及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨茶色素对人肺鳞癌细胞株SK-MES-1细胞生长及凋亡的影响。方法:以超声细胞破碎法提取茶色素并计算得率。常规培养SK-MES-1细胞株,采用噻唑蓝溴化四唑(MTT)比色法观察不同浓度(5、2.5、1.25、0.625、0.3125 mg/m L)茶色素作用24、48 h对SK-MES-1细胞株生长的抑制作用,计算生长抑制率及IC_(50);以流式细胞术(FCM)荧光双染法(Annexin V/PI)观察茶色素对SK-MES-1细胞株凋亡的影响。结果:茶色素提取得率为7.35%。MTT实验结果显示随茶色素浓度增高和培养时间延长,其对细胞的生长抑制率也相应升高,即呈现剂量-时间依赖性,24 h和48 h处理的IC_(50)分别为2.353 mg/m L和1.494 mg/m L。流式细胞术检测作用24 h细胞凋亡,空白对照、0.625 mg/m L和1.25 mg/m L剂量组的SK-MES-1细胞凋亡率分别为7.7%、20.37%和25.25%。结论:茶色素可促进SK-MES-1细胞凋亡并抑制其增殖。     

Wnt5a对成骨前体细胞分泌和分化功能的影响

目的研究Wnt5a对成骨前体细胞分泌和分化功能的影响,并对其分子机制进行初步探讨。方法 Wnt5a刺激成骨前体细胞(MC3T3-E1)后,用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测细胞上清中骨保护素(Osteoprotegerin,OPG)、IL-6、IL-1β及TNF-α的表达水平;用碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,ALP)检测试剂盒及实时定量PCR法检测ALP的表达量及活性;通过实时定量PCR方法检测Ror2基因表达水平,应用Western blot检测细胞JNK蛋白表达变化。结果 Wnt5a抑制了OPG的表达,增加了IL-6的分泌,但并没有改变IL-1β和TNF-α的表达量;Wnt5a上调了ALP的表达量及活性,促进了Ror2基因水平的表达,并上调了细胞内JNK蛋白水平。结论 Wnt5a通过调节成骨前体细胞OPG、IL-6、ALP和JNK的表达和分泌,可加重骨破坏和关节炎症,Wnt5a与类风湿关节炎(Rheumatoid arthritis,RA)骨破坏和关节炎症进展有关。     

五种益生菌菌株对脐血单个核细胞免疫作用的实验研究

目的比较不同剂量的5种不同益生菌菌株的免疫调节作用,为选择适当的菌株进行治疗提供依据。方法取7例健康孕妇的脐血分离出的脐血单个核细胞(cord blood monocular cells,CBMC),分别与长双歧杆菌6-1株、婴儿双歧杆菌CGMCC313-1株、嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株、粪链球菌YIT0072株和酪酸梭状芽胞杆菌CGMCC313-2株,以菌和CBMC比例2∶1(低)、20∶1(中)和200∶1(高)共培养24~36 h,同时设阴性对照(PBS)和阳性对照(脂多糖,LPS)。然后采用流式细胞仪检测各组CBMC表面CD4、CD25分子表达情况,用ELISA方法检测培养上清中IL-10、IL-12、IL-4、TGF-β1和IFN-γ的水平。结果 (1)与阴性对照(PBS)组相比,除200∶1比例的酪酸梭状芽胞杆菌CGMCC313-2株能够显著提高CBMC表达CD4CD25(10.45±3.16 vs 5.84±2.32,P=0.009)以外,其余益生菌菌株对表达CD4CD25差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)长双歧杆菌6-1株在中高剂量下,能够刺激CBMC产生IL-10和IFN-γ,对产生IL-12无明显影响。(3)婴儿型双歧杆菌CGMCC313-1株在各个剂量下均能够刺激CBMC产生IL-10,对IL-12和IFN-γ产生无明显影响。(4)酪酸梭状芽胞杆菌CGMCC313-2株在中高剂量下,能够刺激CBMC产生IL-10,对IL-12和IFN-γ产生无明显影响。(5)粪链球菌YIT0072株在低中剂量下,能够刺激CBMC产生IL-10、IL-12和IFN-γ,而高剂量则无影响。(6)嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株在中高剂量下,能够刺激CBMC产生IL-10,在中剂量下,能够刺激CBMC产生IFN-γ,对IL-12无影响。(7)在本研究中均未能检测出IL-4和TGF-β1。结论在目前国内使用的益生菌菌株中,仅酪酸梭状芽胞杆菌CGMCC313-2株能够显著提高CBMC表达CD4CD25。5种菌株均能够刺激CBMC产生抗炎症因子IL-10;长双歧杆菌6-1株、粪链球菌YIT0072株和嗜酸乳杆菌YIT2004株能够刺激CBMC产生Th1型细胞因子INF-γ,仅粪链球菌YIT0072株能够刺激CBMC产生IL-12。各个菌株在不同的剂量下,具有不同作用。提示在应用益生菌治疗免疫等相关性疾病时,应该考虑不同菌株对免疫细胞的不同作用机制。     

三肽囊素对鸡脾脏淋巴细胞增殖转化、IL-2和IL-6分泌及其基因表达的影响

为探讨人工合成的三肽囊素（BS）作为新型免疫增强剂的作用机制,本研究采用MTT比色法、放射免疫测定法（RIA）和相对半定量RT—PCR法,分别研究了BS对体外培养的鸡脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖、对白细胞介素2（IL-2）和白细胞介素6（IL-6）分泌及其mRNA表达水平的影响。试验结果表明,0．5μg／ml、5μg／ml和50μg／mlBs处理36h,均可显著提高ConA诱导的脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖反应性;5μg／mlBs处理能显著促进脾脏淋巴细胞分泌IL-6,显著升高IL-6mRNA表达水平,但对IL-2的分泌及其mRNA表达水平无显著影响。本研究结果进一步提示,Bs可能主要通过激活IL-6基因的表达和促进脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖反应,从而发挥其体液免疫增强作用[动物学报52（1）：170—174,2006]。     

E.coli HB101(pBV-IL-6)的流加分批培养及其产物纯化

E.coli HB101(pBV-IL-6)工程菌株的表达产物为N端缺失25个氨基酸残基的IL-6衍生物。通过摇瓶试验选定了培养基配方及pH值的控制范围,在5L发酵罐的半连续培养中确定了培养和诱导时间。在此基础上放大到30L发酵罐进行培养,结果表明,菌密度达到5.15g/L(干重),rIL-6衍生物占菌体总蛋白的34.8％。表达产物经过纯化和复性,纯度达95％以上(SDS-PAGE分析),采用依赖IL-6的小鼠杂交瘤细胞株7TD-1和~3H-TdR掺入法测定生物活性,rIL-6衍生物比活性为7.71×10~6U/mg。     

Protection against murine neonatal herpes simplex virus infection by lymphokine-treated human leukocytes

One-week-old mice were protected against a uniformly lethal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection by IL-2 alone, but especially by the addition of human mononuclear cells (MC) plus IL-2. The dose response of IL-2 was biphasic. The addition of MC from cord blood did not enhance IL-2-mediated survival. Because the effect of IL-2 alone, or IL-2 plus MC, was ablated by anti-IFN-gamma and human neonates have an IFN-gamma production defect, the protective effect of MC plus human IFN-gamma (HuIFN-gamma) was tested. MC from adults cultured for 5 days in HuIFN-gamma afforded protection. At least 1 x 10(6) HuIFN-gamma-treated MC were required with increasing survival to 1 x 10(7) MC. The effector cell activity was ablated by adherence, silica, L-leucine methyl ester treatment or treatment with Leu-M3 plus C (all macrophage markers), and OKT4 plus C treatment (CD4 marker). Use of Leu-11, Leu-7, OKT3, or OKT8 plus C did not inhibit protection and excluded NK or T cell participation. In addition to survival, the ability to produce anti-HSV antibody was reconstituted. For the first time protection was afforded by human cord blood MC after treatment with HuIFN in vitro. We have identified an IFN-gamma-driven protection system against murine neonatal HSV infection mediated by human adult- or cord blood-derived CD4-positive macrophages. Protection is associated with enhanced effector cell function and reconstitution of the neonatal antibody production defect.     

Lack of immune stimulation by immobilized CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide.

Selected phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG (CpG-ODN) activate immune responses, including B-cell proliferation and cytokine production. The mechanism by which cells detect CpG-motifs is not known. There are conflicting reports in the literature concerning the ability of CpG-ODN linked to solid supports to stimulate immunity. We prepared a fluorescent, biotinylated CpG-ODN, a reagent that will support the growth of 7TD1 cells, a murine B-cell hybridoma line that requires CpG-ODN or interleukin-6 (IL-6) for survival. Stimulation of 7TD1 cell growth was not reduced by complexing biotinylated CpG-ODN to streptavidin, but cell growth was not supported by CpG-ODN coupled to streptavidin-coated latex, magnetic, gold, or agarose beads. A fluorescent CpG-ODN was also covalently attached to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose beads via a 5'-amine group. These derivatized Sepharose beads did support 7TD1 cell growth, but incubation of the beads with 7TD1 cells resulted in the appearance of fluorescence within the cells, suggesting that growth stimulation may be due to CpG-ODN leached from the beads. Our results are consistent with the need for CpG-ODN to be internalized into cells to be immunostimulatory.     

IL-6 is produced by osteoblasts and induces bone resorption

To examine the possible involvement of IL-6 in bone metabolism, a mouse osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1) and primary osteoblast-like cells from fetal mouse calvaria were cultured with several systemic and local bone-resorbing agents and their expression of IL-6 mRNA was determined. Local bone-resorbing agents such as IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and LPS greatly induced IL-6 mRNA expression in both MC3T3-E1 cells and primary osteoblast-like cells. Parathyroid hormone slightly increased expression of IL-6 mRNA in primary osteoblast-like cells but not in MC3T3-E1 cells. Neither IL-6 nor 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased expression of IL-6 mRNA in either of the osteoblast-like cells. In agreement with the expression of IL-6 mRNA, biologically active IL-6 was produced in response to the treatment with IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, and LPS in MC3T3-E1 cells. Adding IL-6 dose dependently stimulated the release of 45Ca from prelabeled fetal mouse calvaria. Simultaneously adding suboptimal concentrations of IL-6 and IL-1 alpha induced bone resorption cooperatively. In accord with the increase in the release of 45Ca by IL-6, there were three times as many osteoclasts in the bone sections of calvaria cultured with IL-6 for 5 days as in the controls. IL-6 slightly suppressed alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells. These results indicate that IL-6 is also produced by osteoblasts, preferentially in response to local bone-resorbing agents, and it induces bone resorption both alone and in concert with other bone-resorbing agents.     

Chicken interleukin-6. cDNA structure and biological properties.

Suppression subtractive hybridization technology was used to identify differentially expressed genes in spleens of chickens that had been treated with the synthetic immune modifier S-28463. One induced chicken gene encoded a protein with about 35% sequence identity to human interleukin-6 (IL-6). It consists of 241 amino acids including a putative N-terminal signal peptide of 47 residues. Bacterially expressed chicken IL-6 (ChIL-6) carrying a histidine tag in place of the signal peptide was biologically active: it induced proliferation of the IL-6-dependent murine hybridoma cell line 7TD1. The concentration of ChIL-6 required for half-maximal proliferative response was approximately 60 pg.mL-1. When injected intravenously into adult chickens, purified recombinant ChIL-6 induced an increase in serum corticosterone levels. Supernatants of chicken LMH and monkey COS-7 cells transiently transfected with a ChIL-6 expression construct induced proliferation of 7TD1 cells, demonstrating that recombinant ChIL-6 from eukaryotic cells is also active.     

Endogenous IL-1R1 signaling is critical for cognate CD4+ T cell help for induction of in vivo type 1 and type 2 antipolysaccharide and antiprotein Ig isotype responses to intact Streptococcus pneumoniae, but not to a soluble pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

MyD88(-/-) mice exhibit defective innate, diminished CD4(+) T cell-dependent (TD) type 1, but enhanced type 2, humoral immunity in response to intact Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pn). Because type 1 IL-1R (IL-1R1) signaling is MyD88 dependent, a role for endogenous IL-1 was determined. IL-1R1(-/-), in contrast to MyD88(-/-), mice exhibited relatively intact innate splenic cytokine expression in response to Pn. Nevertheless, IL-1R1(-/-), like MyD88(-/-), mice were more sensitive to killing with live Pn relative to wild-type controls. Although IL-1R1(-/-) mice elicited a normal T cell-independent IgM antipolysaccharide (PS) response to heat-killed Pn, the induction of PS- and protein-specific cognate, but not noncognate, TD type 1 and type 2 IgG isotypes were markedly reduced. Additionally, CD4(+) T cells from Pn-primed IL-1R1(-/-) mice failed to elicit IFN-gamma, IL-5, or IL-13 secretion upon restimulation with Pn in vitro, whereas MyD88(-/-) mice secreted normal levels of IFN-gamma and enhanced levels of IL-5 and IL-13. In contrast, IgG responses to a soluble, pneumococcal protein-PS conjugate, with or without adjuvant, showed little dependence on IL-1R1 and normal CD4(+) T cell priming. These data are the first to demonstrate a nonredundant role for endogenous IL-1 in TD induction of humoral immune responses to an intact pathogen, although not a pathogen-derived soluble conjugate, suggesting that antigenic context is a key determinant for IL-1 dependence. These data further suggest that IL-1 may be critical for preserving CD4(+) Th2 function in the presence, but not absence, of MyD88-dependent signaling via TLRs.     

Role of the C-terminus in the activity, conformation, and stability of interleukin-6.

Two murine interleukin-6 (mIL-6) variants were constructed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), one lacking the last five residues (183-187) at the C-terminus (pMC5) and another with the last five residues of mIL-6 substituted by the corresponding residues of human IL-6 (pMC5H). The growth stimulatory activity of pMC5 on the mouse hybridoma cell line 7TD1 was < 0.05% of mIL-6, whereas pMC5H and mIL-6 were equipotent. The loss of biological activity of pMC5 correlated with its negligible receptor binding affinity on 7TD1 cells, while the binding of pMC5H was comparable to that of mIL-6. Both pMC5 and pMC5H, like mIL-6, failed to interact with recombinant soluble human IL-6 receptor when assayed by surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor analysis. These studies suggest that the C-terminal seven amino acids of human IL-6, alone, do not define species specificity for receptor binding. A variety of biophysical techniques, as well as the binding of a conformational-specific monoclonal antibody, indicated that the global fold of the mIL-6 variants was similar to that of mIL-6, although small changes in the NMR spectra, particularly for pMC5, were observed. Some of these changes involved residues widely separated in the primary structure. For instance, interactions involving Tyr-22 were influenced by the C-terminal amino acids suggesting that the N- and C-termini of mIL-6 are in close proximity. Equilibrium unfolding experiments indicated that pMC5 was 0.8 kcal/mol less stable than mIL-6, whereas pMC5H was 1.4 kcal/mol more stable. These studies emphasize the structural importance of the C-terminal amino acids of IL-6 and suggest that truncation or mutation of this region could lead to small but significant alterations in other regions of the molecule.     

IL-6/IFN-beta 2 in synovial effusions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides. Identification of several isoforms and studies of cellular sources

We have looked for IL-6, a cytokine that has immunomodulating and inflammation-associated activities, in joint exudates (fluid and mononuclear cells) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides using both biologic and biochemical assays. IL-6 was assessed by its ability to stimulate alpha 1-antichymotrypsin secretion from the human hepatoma cell line Hep3B clone 2, an activity which is blocked by an antiserum to Escherichia coli derived IL-6, and by the growth of the IL-6-dependent murine hybridoma 7TD1 cell line. IL-6 isoforms in synovial fluid were characterized by immunoaffinity chromatography followed by Western blotting. The presence of IL-1 in synovial fluids and its production by synovial fluid mononuclear cells was monitored by Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence with polyclonal anti-IL-1 beta antisera. In an analysis of 30 effusions from 27 rheumatoid patients with acutely inflamed joints, abundant quantities of IL-6 (greater than 2 ng/ml) were detected in 23 by the alpha 1-antichymotrypsin bioassay. Several rheumatoid synovial fluids also had elevated IL-6 levels in the 7TD1 bioassay. Seven of nine nonrheumatoid effusions also contained high levels of IL-6 (greater than 2 ng/ml). No IL-1 (less than 0.25 ng/ml) could be detected by Western blotting in 10 rheumatoid effusions even though eight of these contained high levels of IL-6. The IL-6 activity could be neutralized with a rabbit antiserum to rIL-6. Multiple IL-6 isoforms (25, 30, 45 kDa) were present in two rheumatoid and one traumatic effusion studied. Fresh mononuclear cells isolated from various synovial effusions did not appear to make IL-6 constitutively, as no IL-6 could be detected in the media of cells cultured for 12 to 18 h after isolation. Similarly, there was no constitutive production of IL-1 by these cells. However, synovial fluid mononuclear cells could be induced to secrete both IL-6 and IL-1 after stimulation with LPS. The LPS-responsive cells were monocytes and not lymphocytes or dendritic cells. These findings suggest that IL-6 is involved in inflammatory joint disease. However, the primary cells synthesizing it may be located in the synovial lining instead of the joint exudate.