The cloning of the rorB gene of Escherichia coli

Summary A segment of the Escherichia coli genome which complements the ionising radiation sensitivity of the rorB mutation was cloned into pBR322. This DNA segment also complements the mitomycin C sensitivity of the rorB mutation. The gene was subcloned until defined in a fragment of 1.05 kb. Only one gene product, a protein of approximately 16.5 kDa, was found on maxicell analysis of the various subclones. Iso-electric focusing of this gene product suggests it may function in a complex.     

致犊牛脑膜炎大肠杆菌新疆分离株ibeB基因的特性分析北大核心CSCD

【目的】分析致犊牛脑膜炎大肠杆菌分离株ibeB基因的分子生物学信息。【方法】以自脑炎死亡犊牛脑组织、肝组织分离鉴定的O161-K99-STa致病性大肠杆菌牛-EN株和牛-EG分离株为材料。根据GenBank中公布的脑膜炎大肠杆菌K1株RS218 ibeB基因序列设计1对引物,采用PCR方法,从分离株中成功克隆ibe B基因,比较分离株ibeB基因与不同来源大肠杆菌ibeB基因的部分生物信息学特性。【结果】分离株ibeB基因序列全长1500 bp,包含1371 bp开放阅读框,共编码457个氨基酸;生物信息学分析显示,牛-EN株与致人脑膜炎大肠杆菌K1 RS218的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为90.5%和96.9%,牛-EG株与大肠杆菌K12的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为99.4%和100.0%;ibeB蛋白为亲水性蛋白,分子质量为50.26 kDa,理论等电点为6.05;该蛋白无跨膜区,但具有信号肽序列;亚细胞定位显示,分泌信号通路位点(SP)占比例为0.939,说明该蛋白属于分泌型蛋白。【结论】从致脑膜炎大肠杆菌分离株中成功克隆ibeB基因,该基因与致人脑膜炎大肠杆菌K1 RS218 ibeB基因有较高的同源性,均有相似的生物学特性,属肠外致病性大肠杆菌。     

大肠埃希菌生物被膜基因调控研究进展

大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)是一种兼性厌氧、有鞭毛的革兰氏阴性短杆菌,常寄生于人和动物肠道内,是常见的人畜共患病病原之一。大肠埃希菌易形成生物被膜,这是一种由细菌群落分泌能够包裹自身的胞外基质与细菌结合形成的特殊聚集体,也是临床细菌感染疾病难以治愈的主要原因。生物被膜的形成不仅帮助细菌逃避宿主的防御系统,还可以降低或阻止药物发挥作用,从而诱发生物被膜相关感染(biofilm-associated infections, BAI)。本文从生物被膜形成的基因调控系统和相关调控蛋白等角度,归纳总结调控大肠埃希菌生物被膜形成的分子机制,并对防治BAI的策略进行了概述,为寻找合适的药物靶点以及防治BAI提供参考。     

yeaI基因对奶牛源大肠杆菌NJ17生物学特性的影响

c-di-GMP是细菌中广泛存在的第二信使,可通过效应蛋白参与调控细菌的生物被膜形成、运动性和毒力等生物学特性。YeaI因含有能结合c-di-GMP分子的EGEVF基序,可能作为c-di-GMP效应蛋白发挥作用。[目的] 研究yeaI基因缺失对奶牛源大肠杆菌临床分离株NJ17生物学特性的影响。[方法] 构建NJ17的yeaI缺失株（NJ17ΔyeaI）及回复株cNJ17ΔyeaI,分析yeaI对NJ17生物学特性（如生长特性、生物被膜形成能力和对小鼠乳腺上皮细胞（EpH₄-Ev）的黏附）的影响。[结果] 成功构建NJ17的yeaI缺失株（NJ17ΔyeaI）及其回复株（cNJ17ΔyeaI）;与野生株NJ17相比,缺失株NJ17ΔyeaI生长特性及耐药性无显著变化,生物被膜形成能力显著下降,运动性显著升高（P<0.05）;透射电镜检测结果表明,yeaI缺失影响NJ17菌毛和鞭毛的形成;实时定量PCR（qPCR）结果显示,yeaI基因显著抑制NJ17鞭毛基因filG和motB的转录水平（P<0.05）;血清杀菌实验表明,yeaI缺失能显著增强其抵抗血清杀菌作用（P<0.05）;对EpH₄-Ev细胞黏附实验表明,yeaI缺失对NJ17黏附性无显著影响（P>0.05）。[结论] yeaI对奶牛源大肠杆菌NJ17的生物学特性具有重要的调控作用。     

和厚朴酚对大肠埃希氏菌生物被膜形成的抑制机制

【目的】研究不同浓度的和厚朴酚(honokiol)抑制大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)的供试菌株10389生物被膜(biofilm,BF)形成的作用机制。【方法】用氯化三苯基四氮唑比色法(TTC)和四唑盐减低法(XTT)测定honokiol抑制E.coli10389生物被膜形成的药物最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)及其抑制作用与时间的关系;通过qRT-PCR法检测不同浓度的honokiol对E. coli 10389生物被膜形成基因和群体感应系统相关基因表达量的影响;通过生物发光法和qRT-PCR法检测亚-MIC honokiol对E. coli 10389呋喃糖基硼酸二酯(AI-2)及其调控的与生物被膜形成相关的下游基因表达量的影响。【结果】Honokiol能抑制E.coli10389生物被膜的形成,但不同浓度的honokiol抑制E. coli 10389 BF形成的作用机制不同。其中,与对照组相比,MIC的honokiol能使E. coli 10389 BF形成相关基因编码毒素(hha)和细菌酸性调节因子(ari R) mRNA的表达量显著提高,抗毒素...     

Location of the ompT gene relative to that of appY on the physical map of the Escherichia coli chromosome

Results concerning the precise location of the ompT gene (encoding the outer membrane protease OmpT) on the Escherichia coli chromosome were obtained which disagree with published restriction sites in the gene. It is shown that the gene, together with appY, is present on a 3.075 PstI fragment, encompassing positions 596–598 of the E. coli physical map.     

Lethality of hydrogen peroxide in wild type and superoxide dismutase mutants of Escherichia coli. (A hypothesis on the mechanism of H2O2-induced inactivation of Escherichia coli)

The toxicity of H₂O₂ in Escherichia coli wild type and superoxide dismutase mutants was investigated under different experimental conditions. Cells were either grown aerobically, and then treated in M9 salts or K medium, or grown anoxically, and then treated in K medium. Results have demonstrated that the wild type and superoxide dismutase mutants display a markedly different sensitivity to both modes of lethality produced by H₂O₂ (i.e. mode one killing, which is produced by concentrations of H₂O₂ lower than 5 mM, and mode two killing which results from the insult generated by concentrations of H₂O₂ higher than 10 mM). Although the data obtained do not clarify the molecular basis of H₂O₂ toxicity and/or do not explain the specific function of superoxide ions in H₂O₂-induced bacterial inactivation, they certainly demonstrate that the latter species plays a key role in both modes of H₂O₂ lethality. A mechanism of H₂O₂ toxicity in E. coli is proposed, involving the action of a hypothetical enzyme which should work as an O₂^-• generating system. This enzyme should be active at low concentrations of H₂O₂ (<5 mM) and high concentrations of the oxidant (>5 mM) should inactivate the same enzyme. Superoxide ions would then be produced and result in mode one lethality. The resistance at intermediate H₂O₂ concentrations may be dependent on the inactivation of such enzyme with no superoxide ions being produced at levels of H₂O₂ in the range 5–10 mM. Mode two killing could be produced by the hydroxyl radical in concert with superoxide ions, chemically produced via the reaction of high concentrations of H₂O₂ (>10 mM) with hydroxyl radicals. The rate of hydroxyl radical production may be increased by the higher availability of Fe²⁺ since superoxide ions may also reduce trivalent iron to the divalent form.     

基因编辑技术对大肠杆菌yjjW基因点突变的两步法策略

[目的]为了实现对大肠杆菌靶基因的点突变,本研究将同源重组系统与CRISPR-Cas9技术相结合,探索一种高效、简捷的两步法策略.[方法]将靶基因的上下游同源臂和标记基因(amp)与pKOV质粒连接,获得pKOV-HR重组质粒.将pKOV-HR转化至大肠杆菌,借助其自身RecA重组系统,介导DNA发生同源重组,获得靶基...     

大肠杆菌胞内半胱氨酸响应型启动子的筛选表征

【目的】半胱氨酸是一种重要的含硫氨基酸,广泛应用于化妆品、药品、食品等行业,微生物发酵法合成半胱氨酸已成为当前研究的热点。基于比较转录组学分析等技术,筛选并表征大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)胞内对半胱氨酸浓度变化显著响应的启动子。【方法】在Escherichia coli W3110培养基中外源添加不同终浓度的半胱氨酸,通过比较转录组学分析筛选转录水平显著响应半胱氨酸浓度变化的基因,融合目标基因的启动子片段与荧光报告基因egfp构建启动子文库,进一步测定不同半胱氨酸浓度条件下,含有不同启动子重组菌的绿色荧光蛋白(greenfluorescent protein, GFP)荧光强度。【结果】筛选并挖掘了随着半胱氨酸浓度提高而转录水平显著提升的27个基因,并将基因的潜在启动子片段与荧光报告基因egfp融合构建启动子文库,筛选获得对半胱氨酸变化具备特异性响应的启动子P_E2。最后,对P_E2启动子-35区间隔区域AAAT进行随机突变,最终获得在1-7g/L半胱氨酸浓度范围内特异性响应性能显著提高的启动子P_E2-33。...     

产麦角硫因大肠杆菌工程菌株的构建与优化

麦角硫因(ergothioneine,ERG)是一种天然的抗氧化剂,广泛应用于化妆品、食品以及医药领域.相比于传统植物提取和化学合成方法,微生物发酵合成麦角硫因具有周期短、成本低等优点,因而受到广泛关注.为构建高产麦角硫因的大肠杆菌工程菌株,本研究以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BL21 (DE3)为出...     

米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）果胶酸内切水解酶（PGA）在原核系统中重组表达

果胶酶具有广阔的商业用途,在食品工业上主要用于果汁和酒类的澄清、提高植物油的提取率、提高水果的硬度和植物纤维脱胶。米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）一直用于传统发酵食品的生产,自然条件下其果胶酶的产量较低。文献报道的果胶酶的重组表达成功的例子较少,且活性较低。通过RT-PCR 的方法,获得不含信号肽的果胶酸内切水解酶A(polygalacturonase A, PGA) 的cDNA,PGA cDNA 连入pET-28a (+)载体, 构建 pET-28a (+)-pga 质粒。pET-28a (+)-pga 转化Turner (DE3) placⅠ细胞,得到转化子pET-28a (+)-pga-Turner (DE3) placⅠ,首次实现了米曲霉PGA在大肠杆菌系统中过表达,进一步对PGA在大肠杆菌系统中表达的条件进行了研究。在37℃、220 r/min条件培养pET-28a (+)-pga-Turner (DE3) placⅠ细胞,OD₆₀₀至 0.8左右时,用500μmol/L isopropyl β-D-thiogalactogalactopyranoside (IPTG)进行诱导表达,在15℃和170r/min条件下继续培养24 h,表达效果最好,相对于每毫升培养基而言,产酶可达到70u/mL,是米曲霉自然条件产酶量的87.5倍,远优于文献报道的重组表达的PGA酶活     

米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）果胶酸内切水解酶（PGA）在原核系统中重组表达

果胶酶具有广阔的商业用途,在食品工业上主要用于果汁和酒类的澄清、提高植物油的提取率、提高水果的硬度和植物纤维脱胶。米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）一直用于传统发酵食品的生产,自然条件下其果胶酶的产量较低。文献报道的果胶酶的重组表达成功的例子较少,且活性较低。通过RT-PCR 的方法,获得不含信号肽的果胶酸内切水解酶A(polygalacturonase A, PGA) 的cDNA,PGA cDNA 连入pET-28a (+)载体, 构建 pET-28a (+)-pga 质粒。pET-28a (+)-pga 转化Turner (DE3) placⅠ细胞,得到转化子pET-28a (+)-pga-Turner (DE3) placⅠ,首次实现了米曲霉PGA在大肠杆菌系统中过表达,进一步对PGA在大肠杆菌系统中表达的条件进行了研究。在37℃、220 r/min条件培养pET-28a (+)-pga-Turner (DE3) placⅠ细胞,OD₆₀₀至 0.8左右时,用500μmol/L isopropyl β-D-thiogalactogalactopyranoside (IPTG)进行诱导表达,在15℃和170r/min条件下继续培养24 h,表达效果最好,相对于每毫升培养基而言,产酶可达到70u/mL,是米曲霉自然条件产酶量的87.5倍,远优于文献报道的重组表达的PGA酶活     

鸡源大肠杆菌毒力基因检测及分子流行特征

[目的] 本试验旨在阐明鸡源大肠杆菌致病性及分子流行特性,为探索大肠杆菌流行途径制定合理的防控策略提供新思路。[方法] 2018–2019年在河北省采集病死鸡肝脏样品,通过选择培养基筛选、生化鉴定、血清凝集试验对分离菌株进行系统鉴定,应用PCR方法检测分离株中毒力基因流行情况。参考系统发育群分类方法对大肠杆菌进行分群分析,并参照McMLST网站数据库提供的7对管家基因序列进行多位点序列分型（multilocus sequence typing,MLST）分析。[结果] 结果显示,56株分离株符合大肠杆菌生化特征,分为8个生化表型,B4（30.36%）、B5（25%）和B2（23.21%）为主要生化表型。56株分离株大肠杆菌血清凝集试验均呈阳性,分为11种血清型,O₇₈（26.79%）、O₂（23.21%）、O₁₅₇（17.86%）和O₁（14.29%）为主要流行血清型。56株大肠杆菌共检测出15种肠外大肠杆菌毒力基因,未检出papC、ibeA和ibeB基因。黏附相关基因fimC和抗血清存活因子相关基因ompA携带率为100%。aatA、yijP、irp2、mat、iss,检出率分别为98.21%、98.21%、98.21%、96.43%、92.86%。同时,大肠杆菌与铁转运相关基因iroN、fyuA、iucD、irp2检出率均在80%以上。56株大肠杆菌中有20株属于肠出血型大肠杆菌（enterohemorrhagic E.coli,EHEC）,其次是肠聚集型大肠杆菌（enteroaggregative E.coli,EAEC）（n=4）、肠产毒素型大肠杆菌（Enterotoxigenic E.coli,ETEC）（n=2）。这些菌株D群分离株较多,其次是B2群。通过MLST分型分析,共分为22个ST型,其中ST88（n=7）、ST85（n=6）、ST243（n=6）型为主要流行型。[结论] 结果显示大肠杆菌血清型多样,毒力因子种类繁多,致病性大肠杆菌同时携带多种毒力基因,表明动物源大肠杆菌具有较强的毒力基础。     

Recombinant streptokinase production by fed-batch cultivation of Escherichia coli

Streptokinase (SK) is a specific effective medicine for thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction. This study established a process for the pilot production of recombinant streptokinase (r-SK). Engineering bacteria were fermented in a 20-l fermentor to produce r-SK. After simple renaturation and purification, 12.9 g of r-SK with 97.8% of purity and about 10⁵ IU mg⁻¹ of specific activity was obtained, the yield of protein and the recovery of activity were 44.9% and 51%, respectively. Finally, the r-SK was made into about 700 doses of injections for clinical applications.     

The Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene: Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence and genetic expression in Escherichia coli

Summary Vitreoscilla hemoglobin is involved in oxygen metabolism of this bacterium, possibly in an unusual role for a microbe. We have isolated the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin structural gene from a pUC19 genomic library using mixed oligodeoxy-nucleotide probes based on the reported amino acid sequence of the protein. The gene is expressed in Escherichia coli from its natural promoter as a major cellular protein. The nucleotide sequence, which is in complete agrecment with the known amino acid sequence of the protein, suggests the existence of promoter and ribosome binding sites with a high degree of homology to consensus E. coli upstream sequences. In the case of at least some amino acids, a codon usage bias can be detected which is different from the biased codon usage pattern in E. coli. The down-stream sequence exhibits homology with the 3 end sequences of several plant leghemoglobin genes. E. coli cells expressing the gene contain greater than fivefold more heme than controls.     

Characterization of the Escherichia coli gene for 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (pIsC)

Summary An Escherichia coli strain deficient in 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity has previously been isolated, and the gene (plsC) has been shown to map near min 65 on the chromosome. I precisely mapped the location of plsC on the chromosome, and determined its DNA sequence. plsC is located between parC and sufI, and is separated from sufI by 74 bp. Upstream of plsC is parC, separated by 233 bp, which includes an active promoter. parC, plsC, and sufI are all transcribed in the counterclockwise direction on the chromosome, possibly in an operon with multiple promoters. The amino-terminal sequence of the partially purified protein, combined with the DNA sequence, reveal 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase to be a 27.5 kDa highly basic protein. The plsC gene product, 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, is localized to the cytoplasmic membrane of the cell. The amino-terminal sequence of the purified protein reveals the first amino acid to be a blocked methionine residue, most probably a formyl-methionine. The amino acid sequence of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase has a short region of homology to two other E. coli acyltransferases that utilize acyl-acyl carrier protein as the acyl donor, sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine acyltransferase (involved in lipid A biosynthesis).     

c-di-GMP对大肠杆菌生物膜调控的研究进展

大肠杆菌生物膜是由聚集于特定介质上的大肠杆菌菌体细胞相互黏附并分泌胞外基质聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)而产生的一种结构复杂的膜状聚集物。感染宿主后的致病性大肠杆菌在形成生物膜后会极大地逃避免疫系统以及环境中各种有害因素对其的影响,对宿主造成持续甚至致命的伤害。环二鸟苷酸(cyclic diguanosine monophosphate,c-di-GMP)是广泛存在于细菌中的第二信使,在调节生物膜形成过程中起到至关重要的作用。基于此,本文对近些年来有关c-di-GMP对大肠杆菌生物膜形成过程中菌体的运动、黏附以及EPS产生机制的研究进行了综述,以期为从c-di-GMP角度抑制大肠杆菌生物膜提供依据和思路。     

Membrane topology and assembly of the outer membrane protein OmpA of Escherichia coli K12

The 325-residue outer membrane protein OmpA of Escherichia coli has been proposed to consist of a membrane-embedded moiety (residues 1 to about 170) and a C-terminal periplasmic region. The former is thought to comprise eight transmembrane segments in the form of antiparallel -strands, forming an amphiphilic connected by exposed turns. Several questions concerning this model were addressed. Thus no experimental evidence had been presented for the turns at the inner leaflet of the membrane and it was not known whether or not the periplasmic part of the polypeptide plays a role in the process of membrane incorporation. Oligonucleotides encoding trypsin cleavage sites were inserted at the predicted turn sites of the ompA gene and it was shown that the encoded proteins indeed become accessible to trypsin at the modified sites. Together with previous results, these data also show that the turns on both sides of the membrane do not possess specifically topogenic information. In two cases one of the two expected tryptic fragments was lost and could be detected at low concentration in only one case. Therefore, bilateral proteolytic digestion of outer membranes can cause loss of -strands and does not necessarily produce a reliable picture of protein topology. When ompA genes were constructed coding for proteins ending at residue 228 or 274, the membrane assembly of these proteins was shown to be partially defective with about 20% of the proteins not being assembled. No such defect was observed when, following the introduction of a premature stop codon, a truncated protein was produced ending with residue 171. It is concluded that (1) the proposed -barrel structure is essentially correct and (2) the periplasmic part of OmpA does not play an active role in, but can, when present in mutant form, interfere with membrane assembly.