狗尾草属野生近缘种的染色体鉴定

对来自多个国家和地区的10个种(青狗尾草S.viridis,法氏狗尾草S.faberii,轮生狗尾草S.verticillata、S.verticillifor-mis,金色狗尾草S.glauca、S.pumila、S.grisebachii、S.leucopila、S.parviflora、S.queenslandica等)50份狗尾草材料进行了染色体计数及倍性鉴定。发现狗尾草属中的青狗尾草均为二倍体,金色狗尾草S.glauca有四倍体和八倍体,轮生狗尾草S.verticillata有二倍体和四倍体,法氏狗尾草S.faberii为四倍体,S.pumila有二倍体和四倍体,S.grisebachii为二倍体,S.leucopila为二倍体,S.queenslandica为四倍体。本研究中对S.grisebachii、S.leucopila、S.queenslandica3个种是首次染色体倍性观察。发掘近缘种的有益基因是作物育种的重要途径之一,本研究搜集的谷子近缘野生种对谷子远缘杂交育种和谷子起源进化分析有重要意义。     

谷子显性雄性不育基因“Ms~（ch）”的细胞质转换

通过种间杂交和连续置换回交,选育出具有轮生狗尾草（Ｓ,ｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｌａｔａ（Ｌ．）Ｂｅａｕｖ．）细胞质的谷子（Ｓｅｔａｒｉａｉｔａｌｉｃａ（Ｌ．）Ｂｅａｕｖ．）核质杂种,以带有上位基因Ｒｆ的显性核不育植株为父本与此核质杂种杂交,已将显性核不育基因导入轮生狗尾草细胞质中,从其分离后代中选出了具有显性核不育基因的新核质杂种,为谷子的三系选育和细胞质研究创造了新工具,也为核互作杂优利用增加了核质互作优势新机制。     

6种1变种猕猴桃植物染色体数目的研究

报道了猕猴桃属６种１变种细胞染色体数目,表明湖北猕猴桃、激光猕猴桃、黄毛猕猴桃为二倍体,２ｎ＝２ｘ＝５８;大花猕猴桃为四倍体,２ｎ＝４ｘ－１１６,绿果猕猴桃（美味猕猴桃的１个变种）为种倍体,染色体数目２ｎ＝４ｘ－１１６,以上均为首次报道。并再次证实ｘ＝２９应是本属染色体数目的基础,狗枣猕猴桃和阔叶猕猴桃二倍体类型２＝５８。     

谷子三体系列的建立

以谷子（Ｓｅｔａｒｉａ ｉｔａｌｉｃａ （Ｌ．） Ｂｅａｕｖ．）四倍体为母本、二倍体为父本杂交。在２１００ 个杂交后代中得到５ 株三倍体。对三倍体植株授以二倍体花粉,将收获的种子播种后,从所培育的植株中获得９ 种三体共２８３ 株。其中８ 种具有明显的形态特征,只有三体Ⅳ植株形态与二倍体非常相似     

秋水仙碱诱变甜菊多倍体的研究

用０．１％秋水仙碱溶液处理甜菊实生苗生长点,可诱变产生甜菊多倍体（四倍体）植株,用８次点滴处理,诱变率可达３１．２５％。染色体数鉴定表明：四倍体甜菊染色体数是２ｎ＝４４,而二倍体甜菊染色体数是２ｎ＝２２．形态学和解剖学的观察表明,四倍体比二倍体甜菊植株的茎矮壮,叶片增大,长度增长２．１倍,宽度扩大２．３倍,叶片加厚１．７倍,叶色更浓绿,叶片气孔数减少,气孔变大。叶片糖苷含量测定表明：四倍体的叶片含量为１５．７％,而二倍体的叶片含量为１０．８％,前者比二倍体叶片含量提高４．９％。     

应用细胞工程技术选育四倍体龙牙百合的研究

用二倍体龙牙百合鳞片为外植体,培养在添加２,４Ｄ,６-ＢＡ的ＭＳ培养基上,诱导愈伤组织、不定牙与小鳞茎分化,建立了二倍体的体细胞无性系。用浓度０.０２％～０.０５％的秋水仙碱或再加２％～４％的二甲基亚砜溶液处理二倍体小鳞茎、鳞片与愈伤组织均诱导出变异试管苗,通过多代筛选与增殖培养首次获得了变异苗无性系,选育出同源四倍体龙牙百合,其染色体数目为４８（２ｎ＝４ｘ＝４８）。同源四倍体苗粗壮,叶片宽而厚,小鳞茎增殖速度快,小鳞茎所含核酸、蛋白质、氨基酸、淀粉、脂肪、ＡＴＰ及维生素Ｂ２的量均高于二倍体     

中国木兰属部分种的核型分析

对我国木兰属（Ｍａｇｎｏｌｉａ）１２个种的核型进行了分析,ｘ＝１９,厚朴、凹叶厚朴、红花山玉兰、山玉兰、天目木兰、夜合为二倍体,２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３８;紫玉兰、玉兰、玉堂春为四倍体,２ｎ＝４ｘ＝７６;乐东木兰、荷花玉兰、狭叶荷花玉兰为六倍体,２ｎ＝６ｘ＝１１４,该属具有属内多倍体（次生多倍化）。核型分析结果表明：木兰属种间核型差异较小,大部分为中部着丝粒染色体（ｍ）,少数为具近中部着丝粒染色体（ｓｍ）,二倍体种中只有一对具近端部着丝粒染色体（ｓｔ）,其核型均为２Ｂ型。     

谷子和狗尾草核型分析

作者研究了我国谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)和狗尾草的核型与Giemsa带,两者核型基本相同,均为2n=18=14m+2sm+2st(SAT)。带型亦相近,另外在谷子和狗尾草中都发现有四倍体。     

中国龙葵复合种细胞学分析和地理分布的研究

本文根据１５省３０余个县的实地考察,和对采自２５省的６６份中国龙葵种籽进行种植观察,并与国外的有关研究资料对比分析,在国内首次提出;（１）中国龙葵复合种的四个种,从低纬度到高纬度（１８．６－５３．５°Ｎ）,分别属于二倍体,四倍体和六倍体种;（２）从中国南方到北方,自然形成了二倍体,六倍体与二倍体交叉,六倍体与四倍体交叉三个地理分布区。     

谷子和狗尾草核型分析

作者研究了我国谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)和狗尾草的核型与Giemsa带,两者核型基本相同,均为2n=18=14m+2sm+2st(SAT)。带型亦相近,另外在谷子和狗尾草中都发现有四倍体。     

安徽老鸦瓣新模式的指定与补充描述

通过对Amana anhuiensis主模式的存放地中国科学院植物研究所标本馆（PE）的查找及向原作者证实,确认该种的模式已不存在。在对模式产地的野外调查过程中,发现仅有这一种老鸦瓣分布,且其花期及果实成熟期植株的一些重要形态性状与原描述不符或在原描述中没有提及,这些性状不仅在个体间比较稳定,而且在种的划分上具有重要价值。它们是：鳞茎皮黄褐色,薄纸质,内侧被绵毛;第1叶自基部向上3/4处最宽;苞片狭披针形;花被片内侧基部具黄绿色斑块;内轮3枚雄蕊比外轮3枚长,花粉黄色,雌蕊花柱与子房近等长。朔果近球形,果喙长10 mm左右。为此,我们指定了该种的新模式,并对其形态特征进行了补充描述。     

无量山小檗与藤小檗的名实问题

通过标本检查及原始文献分析,认为无量山小檗Berberis wuliangshanensis C.Y. Wu ex S.Y. Bao与藤小檗B.jingguensis G.S.Fan et X.W.Li在主要形态特征方面基本相同,不同点均在一定变异范围内,且两种植物的模式标本产地及生境条件也较相似,都生长在云南省无量山海拔2 500 m上下的常绿阔叶林中,故将藤小檗处理为无量山小檗的异名.     

Fragile (X) X-linked mental retardation. II. Frequency and replication pattern of fragile (X)(q28) in heterozygotes

The frequency of cytologic expression and the replication pattern of the fragile (X) [fra(X)] were investigated in 28 fra(X) heterozygotes, of which 25 agreed to psychological assessment. One-third of the heterozygotes in this study are mentally retarded. The intellectually impaired carriers had a higher frequency of fra(X) and a higher proportion of early-replicating fra(X) than the normally intelligent carriers. The early-replicating fra(X) accounted for 39% of the variability in IQ and the late-replicating fra(X) for 12%. Age had a minimal inverse effect on fra(X) expression and replication pattern. Thus, it appears that mental retardation in females heterozygous for the fra(X) may largely be a function of the proportion of cells with an early-replicating, active X chromosome possessing the fragile site.     

Le(X) and related structures as adhesion molecules.

Summary and conclusion Le^x (13 fucosylated type 2 chain) functions as an adhesion molecule capable of Ca²⁺-mediated homotypic binding. Cells with high surface expression of Le^x therefore exhibit strong self-aggregation (based on Le^x-Le^x interaction) in the presence of Ca²⁺. In this review, I have summarized several lines of supporting data for this concept, and the role of Le^x-Le^x interaction in the process of embryo compaction and autoaggregation of F9 teratocarcinoma cells. In general, cell adhesion events based on Le^x-Le^x interaction may be followed and reinforced by integrin- or Ig receptor-based adhesion systems.SLe^x, the 23 sialosyl derivative of Le^x, and its positional isomer SLe^a, have been identified as the target molecules for selectin-dependent cell adhesion. Adhesion of leukocytes or tumour cells to ECs or platelets, which express E-selectin and P-selectin respectively, is initiated by this process. The target epitopes SLe^x and SLe^a are presented mainly on transmembrane glycoproteins having many clusters of O-linked carbohydrate chains. Therefore, inhibition of O-glycosylation may be effective for blocking selectin-mediated cell adhesion. The abundant presence of Le^x epitope in the central nervous system, and the physiological changes of Le^x expression as described in this monograph, reflect the adhesive properties of this molecule and its sialyosylated and/or fucosylated derivatives.     

Tellurium tetrahalides in rubber chemistry: Some new tellurium(IV) complexes with an S2X4 (X = halogen) ligand environment

The reaction of tellurium tetrahalides with natural rubber parallels closely reactions with model compounds such as cyclohexene and 2-methyl- pent-2-ene carried out under similar conditions. In both cases an α-elimination reaction of an ‘organic halide’ with deposition of elemental tellurium is a dominant process, but some evidence for cross- linking of natural rubber is obtained. If methyl cyanide is the solvent for cyclohexene, or if a nitrile rubber is used, elimination of tellurium is inhibited.Tellurium tetrachloride enhances the rate and density of cross-link formation when added to tetramethylthiuram disulphide (TMTD) based natural rubber vulcanisates, but this effect is negated in the presence of triphenylphosphine. TeCl₄ reacts with TMTD to eliminate an atom of sulphur and to form a complex of tetramethylthiuram monosulphide (TMTM) viz. [Te(TMTM)Cl₄]. Corresponding bromo- and iodo-complexes have been prepared, the iodo- complex is a 1:1 electrolyte. ¹²⁵Te Mössbauer data for the complexes are briefly discussed.Further reactions of the complexes are described which lead to the formation of: [Te(TMTM)Cl₂(O)(pyridine)], [Te(TMTM)X₂(O)] (X=Br, I), and [Cu(TMTM)₂] [TeCl₅]₂. Organyltellurium(IV) trihalides also react with TMTD to release sulphur and give complexes of TMTM, i.e. [(p-EtO·C₆H₄)Te- X₃]₂(TMTM) (X=Cl, Br, I).     

Crosslinking of transcription factor TFIIIA to ribosomal 5S RNA from X. laevis by trans-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)

Trans-diamminnedichloroplatinum (II) was used to induce reversible crosslinks between 5S rRNA and TFIIIA within the 7S RNP particle from X. laevis immature oocyte. The crosslinked fragments have been unambiguously identified. These fragments exclusively arise from three RNA regions centered around the hinge region at the junction of the three helical domains. Major crosslinking sites are located in region 9-21 (comprising loops A and helix II) and region 54-71 (comprising loop B, helices II and V). A minor site is also found in the 3' part of helix I and helix V (region 100-120). Our results point to the crucial role of the junction region and of the three-dimensional folding of the RNA in the recognition of the 5S rRNA by TFIIIA.