小鼠骨髓内皮细胞无血清条件培养液及其超滤组分对粒巨噬系祖细胞生长的影响

本研究通过传代培养小鼠骨髓内皮细胞系细胞,收集无血清条件培养液(mBMECCM),将其作多级串联超滤,获得分子量大于10、3～10、1～3、05～1kD和小于05kD超滤组分。进行粒巨噬系造血祖细胞集落形成试验,检测了它们的作用。mBMECCM和3～10kD组分对粒巨噬系祖细胞(CFUGM)生长未见明显影响,而分子量大于10kD和05～1kD组分促进CFUGM的增殖,分子量1～3kD和小于05kD组分则抑制CFUGM的增殖。这4种超滤组分对CFUGM生长的效应均有剂量依赖性。这些结果提示,在体外培养条件下,小鼠骨髓内皮细胞分泌若干种活性成分,分别对CFUGM的生长起促进或抑制作用     

转基因骨髓基质细胞系对人脐血CD34+细胞的体外扩增作用

为探讨转染FL和/或TPO基因骨髓基质细胞系对脐血CD34+细胞的体外扩增效应, 建立了转基因骨髓基质细胞系共培养体系. 采用免疫磁珠法分离人脐血CD34+细胞, 在CD34+细胞不同体外培养体系中取样测试细胞总数、CD34+细胞百分率和CFC(包括CFU-GM 和BFU-E). 结果表明, 在8种不同组合的培养体系中, 转基因基质细胞共培养体系较无基质液体培养体系对细胞总数, CFC, CD34+细胞均具有明显的扩增效应, 其中以SCF + IL-3 + HFT扩增效果最好, 分别扩增了(893.3±52.1), (74.5±5.2)和15.7倍. CFU-GM和BFU-E在第2周时达扩增高峰, 扩增倍数分别为(78.1±5.5)和(57.0±19.7). LTC-IC测定结果显示, 只有SCF + IL-3 + FL + TPO和SCF + IL-3 + HFT组有LTC-IC的存在, 统计学检验无显著性差异. 上述结果提示, 转基因骨髓基质细胞系可通过细胞间的接触协同其他细胞因子增强对脐血CD34+细胞的体外扩增作用.     

体外培养条件下小鼠及人骨髓基质细胞的比较

本文比较了小鼠及人脊髓ＣＦＵ－Ｆ及ＣＦＵ－Ｆ集落间细胞生长的特点。结果表明人骨髓ＣＦＵ－Ｆ中成纤维细胞的百分比明显高于小鼠,经２次传代培养即可获得纯的骨髓成纤维细胞。小鼠骨髓基质细胞中内皮细胞和巨噬细胞的比例及总数明显高于人。在ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的刺激作用下。小鼠骨髓内皮细胞可大量增殖,ＣＦＵ－Ｆ的生长受到抑制     

人血小板生成素cDNA转导促进小鼠生长与胰岛素样生长因子相关

人血小板生成素 ( TPO)基因转导能刺激小鼠生长 .将编码人 TPO的真核表达质粒pc DNA3 h TPO、野生型 pc DNA3 或生理盐水注射小鼠后肢肌肉 ,称量小鼠的体重、器官重 .用半定量 ELISA检测 TPO转导小鼠血清中胰岛素样生长因子 ( IGF) - 、 和血小板源生长因子( PDGF)水平 .结果发现 ,TPO基因转导能促进小鼠的生长 .这种促生长作用与年龄和性别有关 ,但与动物的种系无关 .8～ 1 2周龄雌鼠在基因转导后 1周生长开始加快 .在第 1、2、3和 4周的升高幅度分别为 4.3%、5.3%、4.1 %和 4.38% ( P分别 <0 .0 0 5、0 .0 0 2、0 .0 1和 0 .0 1 ) .小于 4周龄的幼鼠、大于 1 6周的老龄鼠 ,以及雄性鼠在基因转导后体重无明显改变 .半定量 ELISA分析发现 ,体重增加的成年雌性鼠 ,其血清中 IGFs和 PDGF均升高 .基因转导鼠血液中葡萄糖、甘油三酯及碱性磷酸酶水平升高 .结果表明 ,一些生长因子 ,特别是 IGF- ,介导着 TPO对转基因动物的生长刺激作用 .     

骨髓内皮细胞无血清条件培养液对骨髓内皮细胞增殖的促进作用

本文通过制备小鼠骨髓内皮细胞无血清条件培养液(serum-free murine bone marrow endothelial cell conditioned medium, mBMEC-CM),经超滤分为分子量>10 kDa组分和<10 kDa组分,分别观察mBMEC-CM原液及其组分以及外源性细胞因子对小鼠骨髓内皮细胞集落生成的影响。用Wright’S Giemsa染色计数内皮细胞集落及检测骨髓内皮细胞的vWF,通过[3H]- TdR掺入量,观察mBMEC-CM原液及其组分以及外源性细胞因子对小鼠骨髓内皮细胞增殖的影响,并用分子杂交方法检测内皮细胞表达的细胞因子,从几个方面来研究mBMEC-CM对骨髓内皮细胞增殖的作用。结果显示,骨髓内皮细胞vWF 检测阳性。mBMEC-CM原液及其分子量>10 kDa组分能刺激骨髓内皮细胞集落增殖,且能明显增加骨髓内皮细胞[3H]-TdR 掺入量;分子量<10 kDa组分对骨髓内皮细胞集落增殖无明显刺激作用,也不能增加骨髓内皮细胞[3H]-TdR掺入量。外源加入IL-6、IL-11、SCF、GM-CSF、VEGF、bFGF 6种细胞因子能明显刺激骨髓内皮细胞集落增殖,SCF、VEGF、bFGF能明显增加骨髓内皮细胞[3H]-TdR掺入量。Atlas array膜杂交实验显示骨髓内皮细胞内源性表达GM-CSF、SCF、MSP-1、endothelin-2、thymosin β10、connective tissue GF、PDGF-A chain、MIP-2α、PlGF、neutrophil activating protein ENA-78、INF-γ、IL-1、IL-6、IL-13、IL-11、inhibin-α等细胞因子的mRNA。上述结果提示,骨髓内皮细胞无血清条件培养液对骨髓内皮细胞增殖具有促进作用。     

组胺H2受体拮抗剂对骨髓造血重建的影响

用组胺H_2受体拮抗剂(甲氰咪胍或呋喃硝胺)处理正常和亚致死量γ-射线照射小鼠,探讨正常体内造血和再生骨髓中造血重建与组胺受体的关系。发现非毒性剂量的甲氰咪胍对正常小鼠骨髓多能造血干细胞(CFU-s)无抑制作用,但可抑制小鼠体内粒单系祖细胞(CFU-GM)的生长和亚致死量照射后CFU-s产率的恢复。组胺可能与骨髓的再生有关,组胺H_2受体拮抗剂可抑制骨髓的造血重建。     

TPO模拟肽与人IgG1 Fc片段的融合表达及其生物学特性研究

依据本室获得的人TPO模拟肽序列,合成了该模拟肽的DNA序列,分别连接至4种不同长度的人IgG1 Fc基因片段的5′端,并克隆至质粒表达载体pET28a(+),转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),筛选获得了4种重组工程菌,其中3种分别高效表达了3种不同长度的融合蛋白,而第4种工程菌未表达。表达的3种融合蛋白的分子量分别约为28kD、12kD和12kD,表达量约占菌体蛋白总量的30%左右,纯化获得了3种TPO模拟肽融合蛋白。3种融合蛋白均有较好的体外活性,维持TPO依赖细胞Ba/F3-mp1生长的EC50分别为：13、10、10 nmol/L。用血小板减少症小鼠动物模型,测定了它们的体内活性,3种融合蛋白均有升高血小板和缩短血小板恢复时间的功能,分别比TPO模拟肽活性提高了18、8、8倍;而对白细胞及红细胞无显著影响。分别用3种融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,均未刺激小鼠产生抗TPO模拟肽抗体,并显示了较好的应用潜力。      

小鼠胎肝造血基质细胞对CFU—E,BFU—E生长的体外调控作用

造血基质细胞是造血微环境的重要成分,它对造血干细胞和祖细胞增殖分化的影响已引起人们重视。本室建立的小鼠胎肝造血基质细胞系(MFLSC)为研究其在调控造血中的意义提供了方便条件。 以往研究证明,MFLSC可向培养上清液中释放多种造血活性物质,将此培养上清代替外源性刺激因子加入到半固体培养体系中可支持红系、粒系或由红、粒、巨噬细胞组成的集落(CFU—EGM)生长。MFLSC本身对CFU-GM生长的调控作用已有报道。本工作观察MFLSC对小鼠骨髓红系造血祖细胞生长的影响,旨在进一步认识小鼠胎肝基质细胞在调控造血中的作用机理。     

人胚胎脑组织中低分子肿瘤抑制物的实验研究

人胚胎脑组织提取液可以抑制人白血病细胞系的生长。分析表明:肿瘤抑制活性主要分布在小于10kDa组分,经Sephadex-G25凝胶过滤可初步分离为单一组分。这种低分子肿瘤抑制物具有广谱的抗肿瘤效应,在体外可以抑制人白血病、肝癌、胃癌细胞系和小鼠粒、单核和淋巴系白血病细胞,但对人骨髓CFU-GM和小鼠骨髓CFU-GM的抑制作用较弱,说明人胎脑低分子肿瘤抑制物对肿瘤细胞具有一定的选择性抑制作用。     

锂对小鼠高增殖潜能集落形成细胞和粒巨噬系祖细胞体外增殖的影响

本文观察了锂对ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠骨髓高增殖潜能集落形成细胞（ＨＰＰ－ＣＦＣ）和粒巨噬系祖细胞ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ体外增殖的影响。ＨＰＰ－ＣＦＣ集落由ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６、ＷＥＨＩ３条件培养液（ＷＥＨＩ３－ＣＭ,含有ＩＬ－３）及Ｌ９２９条件培养液（Ｌ９２９－ＣＭ,含有Ｍ－ＣＳＦ）所支持,而ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ由ＷＥＨＩ３－ＣＭ所支持。结果显示,ＬｉＣｌ浓度在０．４－２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时呈现剂量依赖性抑制ＨＰＰ－ＣＦＣ增殖;而在０．４－１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的浓度范围内,则对ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的增殖起剂量依赖性促进作用。这些结果提示ＬｉＣｌ对ＨＰＰ－ＣＦＣ和ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的作用不同,可能锂有诱导ＨＰＰ－ＣＦＣ向成熟细胞分化的作用     

小鼠胚胎干细胞来源的HPP-CFC体外和体内造血活性分析

小鼠的造血系统起源于胚胎发育7d的卵黄囊胚外中胚层,研究表明胚胎干细胞（Embryonic stem cells, ES cells）体外分化模型能够模拟卵黄囊造血的发生过程;此外,诱导ES细胞体外定向造血细胞分化对于建立治疗性克隆以治愈多种血液病具有重要的研究和应用价值。高增殖潜能集落形成细胞（High proliferative potential colonyforming cells, HPPCFC）是体外培养的最原始的多潜能造血前体细胞之一。本研究发现：小鼠ES细胞在体外分化5～14d形成的拟胚体中含有HPP-CFC。其再生潜能与胚胎期9d的卵黄囊来源的HPP-CFC相似,与骨髓来源则不同。RT-PCR分析表明：ES细胞来源的HPP-CFC表达与造血干细胞增殖相关的特异性转录因子和多种造血生长因子受体。但分化12d的拟胚体细胞和HPP-CFC集落细胞移植受致死剂量照射的小鼠不能产生典型的脾结节。因此,ES细胞来源的HPP-CFC在体外和体内造血活性的差异值得更深入地研究。     

人骨髓CD34^＋造血细胞体外扩增形成HPP—CFC造血祖细胞的能力

目的和方法：高增殖潜能集落形成细胞（ＨＰＰＣＦＣ）是表达ＣＤ３４＋ＤＲＬｉｎ－的最早期造血祖细胞之一,它在体外的增殖分化能力可反映造血干细胞的某些特征。结果：本文研究了人正常骨髓ＣＤ３４＋造血细胞在体外扩增和形成ＨＰＰＣＦＣ的能力。利用ＣＩＭＳ１００免疫磁性分离术首先获得＞９０％的ＣＤ３４＋造血细胞以富集ＨＰＰＣＦＣ。在含有Ｅｐｏ＋ＧＭＣＳＦ＋ＩＬ３＋ＩＬ６＋ＳＣＦ（简ＥＧＩＩＳ）的无基质液培条件下,ＣＤ３４＋造血细胞在四周内可持续产生单个核细胞和ＨＰＰＣＦＣ,并使其总量最高可达１７７０倍和８倍,以第２和３周为最佳时期,但不同个体ＣＤ３４＋造血细胞的这种能力差别较大。结论：高度纯化的人骨髓ＣＤ３４＋造血细胞能够在含有最佳组合造血生长因子的无基质液培条件下持续扩增,为临床应用提供了重要依据。     

FLT3配基在人骨髓基质细胞系中的基因转移与表达

目的：研究逆转录病毒介导的FL在骨髓基质细胞系HFCL中的表达。方法：采用脂质体法将重组质粒pLF-SN/HFCL和空载体pLXSN/HFCL转染包装细胞PA317,G418筛选抗性克隆,用抗性克隆上清液感染HFCL。RT－PCR和基因组DNA－PCR检测外源基因mRNA水平的表达及染色体的整合,小鼠CFU－GM集落法检测FL生物学活性。结果：在mRNA水平上有FL的表达,染色体基因组中整合有标记neo基因和FL基因。活性测试结果显示转染的骨髓基质细胞分泌FL。结论：提示骨髓基质细胞可作为基因治疗的靶细胞。     

The effect of endotoxin on murine stem cells

Previous studies showed that after 5 μg of Salmonella typhosa endotoxin there was an increase in colony stimulating factor temporally related to a fall in murine marrow in vitro colony forming cells (CFC). This was followed by differentiation along the marrow granulocytic pathway. The present studies showed that after 5 μg of endotoxin the peripheral blood CFC fell by approximately 50% at one hour, rose to a level ten fold that of control at six hours and then returned to control values by 48 hours. There was a progressive increase in the number of splenic CFC to ten fold that of control from 24 to 72 hours after endotoxin. These data imply a migration of CFC from the marrow to the spleen along with an in-situ increase in splenic CFC. Thus, either migration or differentiation may explain the fall in marrow CFC after endotoxin. Spleen colony forming units (CFU) in the marrow were measured by a transplantation technique and the transplantation fraction (f Fx) determined. A decrease in marrow CFU at 24 hours after endotoxin was secondary to a change in the f Fx. from 11.1% to 7.6%. There was however, an increased percentage of CFU in DNA synthesis in the interval of 6–48 hours after endotoxin, as judged by the hydroxyurea technique. As the marrow CFC fell within 20 minutes of endotoxin administration, the data suggest the CFC may be affected initially and that changes in the generative cycle of the CFU may be of a secondary nature.     

Radiosensitivity increases with differentiation status of murine hemopoietic progenitor cells selected using enriched marrow subpopulations and recombinant growth factors

The radiosensitivity of populations of colony-forming cells (CFC) in murine bone marrow was investigated using different recombinant colony-stimulating factors (CSFs; murine IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage CSF and human granulocyte CSF), or purified murine macrophage CSF. With unfractionated normal bone marrow the CFC increased in radiosensitivity as they progressed through the granulocyte lineage. The D0 values ranged from 129 +/- 12 cGy for CFC stimulated with GM-CSF down to 42 +/- 2 cGy after stimulation with G-CSF. IL-3 stimulated a CFC population which gave the only survival curve with a shoulder (n = 1.9 +/- 0.3). With semipurified populations of primitive or bipotential CFC, D0 values were generally lower with respect to the equivalent values for unpurified bone marrow (range 62 +/- 7 cGy to 135 +/- 7 cGy). Changes in cluster/colony ratio and colony morphology together possibly with products of accessory cells influence the interpretation of the radiosensitivity parameters.     

FETAL HEMOPOIESIS IN DIFFUSION CHAMBER CULTURES

The growth pattern of fetal liver (FL), normal adult bone marrow (NABM) and regenerating (post Velban treatment) adult bone marrow (RABM) colony forming units (CFU) cultured in diffusion chambers (DC) was studied. When twenty CFU were implanted into DC the recovery of CFU after 4 days with FL, NABM or RABM was 133 ± 7, 19 + 2 and 34 ± 2 CFU, respectively. The transplantation fraction of CFU from NABM decreased from 10-4% on day 0 to 6–9 % on day 4; that of FL did not change from the initial 6-2%. The growth rate of CFU derived from FL was substantially greater than that from NABM. The relative growth of FL and RABM CFU was clearly inhibited when the concentration of cells cultured was increased. Spleen colonies from FL cells before culture were larger (P < 0–005) than colonies from NABM but after 7 days of culture there was no difference between the two groups. Histological examination of spleen colonies showed that after DC culture FL and NABM CFU were differentiating along the three normal pathways. These data suggest that intrinsic differences exist between fetal and adult stem cells in the in vivo diffusion chamber culture system.     

GROWTH OF STEM CELL CONCENTRATES IN DIFFUSION CHAMBERS (DC)

The growth in diffusion chamber (DC) of normal murine marrow and marrow separated by discontinuous albumin centrifugation was studied. The colony-forming cells (CFC) assayed in soft agar, total cell counts and differentials were measured in the DC over a 19 day period after intraperitoneal implantation into CF₁ mice. Growth of implants of normal marrow or fraction 3 (F3) in which CFC had been concentrated 1.7–3.9-fold were compared at an initial cell concentration of 1 × 10⁵. There was a good correlation between the number of CFC implanted with granulocyte production but not with macrophage production. When higher cell concentrations of normal unfractionated marrow were implanted growth was reduced as was recovery of CFC. In two experiments in which both CFU and CFC concentrations were measured there was a general correlation between the two.     

Common and distinct features of cytokine effects on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells revealed by dose-response surface analysis

Recent studies have identified thrombopoietin (TPO), flt-3 ligand (FL), Steel factor (SF), and interleukin-11 (IL-11) as cytokines able to stimulate amplification of the most primitive murine hematopoietic cells in vitro. However, dose-response and interaction parameters that predict how to optimize mixtures of these cytokines have not been previously defined. To obtain this information, Sca-1(+)lin(-) and c-kit(+)Sca-1(+)lin(-) adult mouse bone marrow cells were cultured for 10 and 14 days, respectively, in serum-free medium with varying concentrations of these cytokines. Quantitative assays were performed to determine the influences of the cytokine combinations tested on changes in long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in vitro colony-forming cells (CFCs), and total cell numbers. A two-level factorial design was first used to screen the effects of TPO, SF, FL, and IL-11 as well as two different incubation temperatures. IL-11 and SF were found to be the most significant stimulators of murine HSC expansion. More detailed analyses of the effects on c-kit(+)Sca-1(+)lin(-) cells of IL-11, SF, and FL concentrations and their interactions using response surface methodology showed IL-11 to have a maximal stimulatory effect on HSC expansion at 20 ng/mL with higher concentrations being inhibitory. In contrast, not even high concentration saturation of the effects of either SF or FL was observed as the stimulatory effect of both SF and FL increased beyond 300 ng/mL. A negative interaction between SF and FL on HSCs was discovered. Interestingly, a generally similar pattern of cytokine effects was found to influence the 14-day output of CFCs and total cells from the same c-kit(+)Sca-1(+)lin(-) starting cell population. However, compared with HSCs, the cytokine requirements for maximizing the generation of CFCs and total cells were at much lower cytokine doses. From the information provided by the factorial analysis, mathematical models based on Monod kinetics for inhibitory substrates were developed that allow total cell, CFC, and HSC expansion to be predicted as a function of the IL-11, SF, and FL concentrations in terms of more widely recognized parameters. Overall, these methods should also serve as a guide for the future design and testing of other ex vivo stem cell expansion systems.     

Expansion of CD34+ cells from human umbilical cord blood by FL and/or TPO gene transfected human marrow stromal cell lines

To elucidate the effect of gene transfected marrow stromal cell on expansion of human cord blood CD34+ cells, a culture system was established in which FL and TPO genes were transfected into human stromal cell line HFCL. To establish gene transfected stromal cells co-culture system, cord blood CD34+ cells were purified by using a magnetic beads sorting system. The number of all cells and the number of CD34+ cells and CFC (CFU-GM and BFU-E) were counted in different culture systems. The results showed that in all 8 culture systems, SCF+IL-3+HFT manifested the most potent combination, with the number of total nucleated cells increasing by (893.3±52.1)-fold, total progenitor cells (CFC) by (74.5±5.2)-fold and CD34+ cells by 15.7-fold.Maximal expansions of CFC and CD34+ cells were observed at the end of the second week of culture. Within 14 days of culture, (78.1 ± 5.5)-fold and (57.0 ± 19.7)-fold increases in CFU-GM and BFU-E were obtained. Moreover, generation of LTC-IC from amplified CD34+ cells within 28 days was found only in two combinations, I.e. SCF+IL-3+FL+TPO and SCF+IL-3+HFT, and there was no significant difference between these two groups statistically. These results suggest that human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells can be extensively expanded ex vivo by using gene transfected stromal cells along with cytokines.