活体动物体内光学成像技术的研究进展

生物发光和荧光成像作为近年来新兴的活体动物体内光学成像技术,以其操作简便及直观性成为研究小动物活体成像的一种理想方法,在生命科学研究中得以不断发展。利用这种成像技术,可以直接实时观察标记的基因及细胞在活体动物体内的活动及反应。利用光学标记的转基因动物模型可以研究疾病的发生发展过程,进行药物研究及筛选等。本文综述了现有活体动物体内光学成像技术的原理、应用领域及发展前景,比较了生物发光与几种荧光技术的不同特点和应用。     

活体动物体内光学成像技术的研究进展及其应用

活体动物体内光学成像是利用基因改构进行内源性成像试剂或外源性成像试剂标记细胞、蛋白或DNA，从而非侵入性地报告小动物体内的特定生物学事件的技术。活体成像可以直观灵敏地监测基因的表达模式、标记和示踪细胞、探讨蛋白间的相互作用，因而这一技术被广泛地用于分析基因的表达模式、评价基因治疗效果、评估肿瘤的发生和转移、监测移植器官等。简要综述了现有活体动物体内光学成像技术的基本原理、技术进展和相关应用。     

自发光学信号成像系统在生物成像中的发展与应用

自发光学信号成像系统是近年来比较新颖的一项用于活体生物的基因或细胞活动的微观检测的光学技术,具有直观、操作简便以及分辨率高的特点。该技术主要分为生物发光成像技术和荧光成像技术,目前主要用于测定活体动物体内的细胞以及分子的活动或变化情况。由于该技术能够对动物体内的微观形态的变化进行精确的捕捉,对于癌症、基因表达、肿瘤以及其他病变均具有较好的监测作用。在本文中,将就自发光学信号成像系统在生物成像中的发展与应用进行详细的阐述。     

活体光学成像技术在TGF-β1信号通路调控乳腺癌转移作用中的应用北大核心CSCD

活体动物光学成像技术因具有无创伤、活体、动态、连续、特异显像等优点,已被广泛应用于细胞的体内示踪或特定基因体内表达的实时监测研究。TGF-β1信号通路在乳腺癌的发生、发展和转移过程中起着十分重要的作用。本文主要对活体动物光学成像技术在研究TGF-β1信号通路调控乳腺癌转移作用中的应用进行综述,讨论乳腺癌的体内转移过程与TGF-β1信号通路的相关性,最后对黄酮类化合物干预乳腺癌转移的作用进行总结。因此,本文可为筛选抗乳腺癌转移的新型药物提供一定的理论指导,推动分子影像技术在活体动态连续观测药物治疗效果方面的应用。     

活体生物发光成像技术及其在病毒感染研究中的应用

生物发光是动物活体光学成像技术之一,因其反应灵敏、操作简单、数据精确,而被广泛地应用于生命科学研究多个领域,观测活体动物体内病毒复制、肿瘤生长等生命过程.生物发光技术采用荧光素酶基因标记细胞或病毒,与外源注射的底物荧光素发生反应,在冷CCD成像系统下显像并进行数据记录、分析.本文简要介绍活体生物发光成像这一新技术的原理...     

小动物活体成像技术的应用

小动物活体成像技术在国内外得到越来越多的普及应用,极大地促进了生命科学特别是肿瘤研究的发展。本文就小动物活体成像技术的原理、标记方法和实际应用做简单介绍。     

在体生物发光成像技术在生物医学中的应用

在体生物发光成像技术采用萤光素酶基因标记细胞及DNA,利用灵敏的光学检测仪器,实时直观地监测活体小动物体内感染性疾病的发生发展、肿瘤的生长及转移及引发的免疫反应、特定基因的表达等诸多生物过程。通过对同一组实验对象在不同时间点进行记录,跟踪同一观察目标(标记细胞、病原微生物或基因)的移动及变化,与传统的动物实验方法相比,在体生物发光成像得到的数据具有更高的可信度。近年来因其灵敏度较高、不涉及放射性物质、所得结果直观等优势,该技术已普遍应用于生物医学、药物开发等研究领域。     

采用活体成像技术监测肿瘤生长及转移模型的建立

目的采用活体成像技术监测稳定高表达荧光素酶报告基因的肿瘤细胞在小鼠体内生长及转移情况,为肿瘤治疗的药物研发提供新的有用工具。方法采用lipofectamine2000介导的基因转染方法,将pcDNA3．1 7Luc载体转染小鼠高转移乳腺癌细胞株4T1、EMT-6及结肠癌细胞株CT26,经G418抗性筛选及有限稀释法获得可稳定高表达荧光素酶的单克隆细胞;MTT法测定各转染细胞对不同化疗药物的抗性,并采用活体成像的方法检测各转染细胞在小鼠体内的成瘤和转移。结果获得了可稳定高表达荧光素酶基因的单克隆细胞株,该单克隆细胞株具有与亲本细胞系相同的对化疗药物的敏感性;将单克隆细胞株植入小鼠皮下,可采用活体成像技术准确监测肿瘤细胞体内生长及转移。结论采用活体成像技术构建的肿瘤动物模型是拓展肿瘤体内生长、转移及治疗相关研究的理想模型。     

活体荧光成像对裸鼠肝癌细胞系MHCC97-H原位移植模型的动态量化分析

目的:利用生物自发光的裸鼠肝癌原位移植模型,以活体荧光成像技术对肝癌的生长和转移情况进行动态、量化分析.方法:将稳定转染了荧光素酶(luciferase)基因的人肝癌细胞株MHCC97-H-LUC细胞,移植至裸鼠肝脏包膜下,每周利用活体荧光成像系统对裸鼠体内移植瘤的生长部位和范围进行成像,测量肿瘤细胞生物发光量,动态观察肝癌细胞在裸鼠体内的肿瘤数量、生长速度和转移情况.结果:建立可稳定表达荧光素酶的人肝癌细胞株MHCC97-H-LUC并用于进行生物自发光的裸鼠原位移植模型;利用活体荧光成像系统对裸鼠体内的移植瘤成像,见发光部位由肝脏向腹腔扩散,发光量随时间呈指数级增长;病理学观察证实肿瘤细胞长.结论:利用活体荧光成像技术的动态量化分析可灵敏、准确地监测裸鼠肝癌原位移植模型中肿瘤细胞的生长及转移情况,为肿瘤发生、生长、转移机制及对抗肿瘤生长和转移的体内研究提供了科学的量化手段.     

两种微体化石三维无损成像技术的对比

近年来,各种X射线三维无损成像技术在古生物学领域的应用越来越广泛。但是,不同的X射线三维无损成像技术针对不同保存类型和尺寸的化石标本在成像效果上各有利弊。本文以埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱组磷酸盐化的动物胚胎化石为研究对象,将目前应用最广的两种X射线三维无损成像方法,即基于实验室X光源的吸收衬度显微断层成像技术和基于同步辐射光源的相位衬度显微断层成像技术进行了对比分析。通过对两种技术的原理、效率、空间分辨率和图像衬度的对比,认为基于同步辐射光源的相位衬度显微断层成像技术是目前对于均一矿化的微体化石最佳的三维无损成像解决方案。     

内窥式共焦显微术

内窥式共焦显微术是将共焦显微术和光纤技术结合起来的新技术,既具有共焦显微术的独特优点:高分辨率和三维成像;又能对体内器官组织进行在体成像.分析共焦成像的原理,阐述了内窥式共焦成像系统,详细讨论其研究进展以及我们的研究结果,并分析了其优点及在生物医学领域的应用.     

The expression level of luciferase within tumour cells can alter tumour growth upon in vivo bioluminescence imaging.

In vivo bioluminescence imaging is becoming a very important tool for the study of a variety of cellular and molecular events or disease processes in living systems. In vivo bioluminescence imaging is based on the detection of light emitted from within an animal. The light is generated as a product of the luciferase-luciferin reaction taking place in a cell. In this study, we implanted mice with tumour cells expressing either a high or a low level of luciferase. In vivo bioluminescence imaging was used to follow tumour progression. Repeated luciferin injection and imaging of high and low luciferase-expressing tumours was performed. While low luciferase-expressing tumours grew similarly to vector controls, growth of the high luciferase-expressing tumours was severely inhibited. The observation that a high level of luciferase expression will inhibit tumour cell growth when an animal is subjected to serial in vivo bioluminescence imaging is potentially an important factor in designing these types of studies.     

Development of a dual-wavelength fluorescent nanoprobe for in vivo and in vitro cell tracking consecutively

Many imaging probes have been developed for a wide variety of imaging modalities. However, no optical imaging probe could be utilized for both microscopic and whole animal imaging. To fill the gap, the dual-wavelength fluorescent imaging nanoprobe was developed to simultaneously carry both visible-range fluorescent dye and near-infrared (NIR) dye. Emission scan confirms that the nanoprobe exhibits two separate peaks with strong fluorescent intensity in both visible and NIR ranges. Furthermore, the dual-wavelength fluorescent nanoprobe has high photostability and colloidal stability, as well as long shelf-life. In vitro cell culture experiments show that the nanoprobe has the ability to label different types of cells (namely, esophageal, prostate, fibroblast and macrophage cell) for fluorescent microscope imaging. More importantly, cell tracking experiments confirm that cell migration and distribution in various organs can be tracked in real time using in vivo whole-body NIR imaging and in vitro microscopic imaging, respectively.     

Immunomodulatory role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

The active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-D3] is thought to promote many of its actions through interaction with a specific intracellular receptor. The discovery of such receptors in monocytes and activated lymphocytes has led investigators to evaluate the role of the hormone on the immune system. The sterol inhibits lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin production in a dose-dependent fashion. At a molecular level, 1,25-D3 inhibits the accumulation of mRNA for IL-2, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF. At a cellular level, the hormone interferes with T helper cell (Th) function, reducing Th-induction of immunoglobulin production by B cells and inhibiting the passive transfer of cellular immunity by Th-clones in vivo. The sterol promotes suppressor cell activity and inhibits the generation of cytotoxic and NK cells. Class II antigen expression on lymphocytes and monocytes is also affected by the hormone. When given in vivo, 1,25-D3 has been particularly effective in the prevention of autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and murine lupus but its efficacy has been limited by its hypercalcemic effect. Synthetic vitamin D3 analogues showing excellent 1,25-D3-receptor binding but less pronounced hypercalcemic effects in vivo have recently enhanced the immunosuppressive properties of the hormone in autoimmunity and transplantation.     

鼠伤寒沙门菌动物模型活体成像技术的研究进展

鼠伤寒沙门菌的体内实验有利于开展食物中毒、胃肠炎、伤寒热等肠道传染病的防治。由于在活体内检测鼠伤寒沙门菌的动态变化存在瓶颈,使细菌致病机制的研究、疫苗及药物研发滞后。近年来应用小动物成像技术在活体中追踪转化了荧光素酶基因的鼠伤寒沙门菌越来越受到人们关注,综述该技术的应用现状及缺憾之处。     

Single-shot optical projection tomography for high-speed volumetric imaging of dynamic biological samples

A single-shot adaptation of Optical Projection Tomography (OPT) for high-speed volumetric snapshot imaging of dynamic mesoscopic biological samples is presented. Conventional OPT has been applied to in vivo imaging of animal models such as D. rerio, but the sequential acquisition of projection images typically requires samples to be immobilized during the acquisition. A proof-of-principle system capable of single-shot tomography of a ~1 mm³ volume is presented, demonstrating camera-limited rates of up to 62.5 volumes/s, which has been applied to 3D imaging of a freely swimming zebrafish embryo. This is achieved by recording eight projection views simultaneously on four low-cost CMOS cameras. With no stage required to rotate the sample, this single-shot OPT system can be implemented with a component cost of under £5000. The system design can be adapted to different sized fields of view and may be applied to a broad range of dynamic samples, including high throughput flow cytometry applied to model organisms and fluid dynamics studies.